Chart Graticule Scale Convergency Rhumb Lines Great Circles
Chapter 24
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Mercator Rectangular graticule Correct at Equator. Correct at equator. At Straight Lines Except for equator and
(Cylindrical) Expands away from all other latitudes, chart meridians which are
Meridians : // straight equator as: Sec. Lat. conv(0) is less than straight lines, great
Cylinder touches lines equally spaced. earth conv. circles are curves
//s of latitude are 1% = approx 8 0 N/S convex to the nearer
unequally spaced // ( 480/500nms) CA = ½ Earth Conv Pole (concave to the
1 0
straight lines, spacing /2 % = approx 6 Equator).
SUMMARY OF CHARTS
increasing away from ( 350/360nms)
the equator.
reduced earth at 0 0 N/S
Lamberts Conformal Convergent graticule Correct at Std //s. n =sin //origin Except meridians, are Except meridians, are
(Conical) Expands outside std //s curves concave to pole curves concave to
Cone touches reduced Meridians: Straight lines contracts between std Correct at //origin of the projection. //origin Are closest to
earth at //origin. converging towards the //s. Minimum at //origin. straight lines at //origin.
pole of the projection. Chart convergence
//s of Lat: arcs of circles =
with centre at pole of Ch.Long x Sin //origin
projection.
Polar Stereographic Circular graticule Correct at pole, Correct at pole. Except for meridians Except meridians, are
(Azimuthal) expands away from the are curves concave to curves concave to pole.
Flat plate touches Meridians: - straight pole as: At all points on chart: the pole. Close to pole may be
reduced earth at pole. lines radiating from considered as straight
pole. Sec 2 ½ Co-Lat Conv = Ch.Long lines for practical
//s of lat. - circles plotting purposes.
centred on pole spacing
increasing away from
the pole.
Transverse and Oblique Mercator Charts
Chart Graticule Scale Convergency Rhumb Lines Great Circles
Transverse Mercator Complex graticule. Correct at datum Correct at equator and Except datum meridian, Complex curves except:
(Cylindrical) Datum meridian and meridian. Expands poles. Otherwise meridian at 90E to DM Datum meridian,
Cylinder touches meridians at 90E to DM away from DM as: complex. and equator, complex Equator and meridian at
r ed u c e d earth at are straight lines, as is curves. 900 to DM.
selected meridian. equator. Other Merids
(Datum/Central are complex curves. //s Secant of great circle Close to DM may be
meridian) of Lat except equator dist from Datum taken as straight lines.
SUMMARY OF CHARTS
are ellipses. Merid. Any straight line at right
angles to DM is a great
circle
Transverse and Oblique Mercator Charts
UK Ordnance Survey use this projection
and 1:250,000 Charts
Oblique Mercator Correct at great circle of Correct along the great Complex curves Complex curves but
(Cylindrical) tangency. Expands as: circle of tangency, at close to great circle of
Cylinder touches reduced earth along a selected Secant of great circle the poles and at the tangency may be taken
great circle route. (The great circle of tangency) distance from great equator as straight lines.
Complex graticule circle of tangency.
Within about 500 nm of
great circle of tangency
may be used as a
constant scale chart(
1%).
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All of the above charts are orthomorphic projections
Chapter 24
