2015 Second International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication Engineering

A Compact and Wide Band Microstrip Patch

Antenna for X-Band Applications

Vivek Singh1, Brijesh Mishra2, Rajeev Singh3

Department of Electronics and Communication,
University of Allahabad,
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
1
[email protected], [email protected],
*Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract-- In this paper a coaxial probe feed modified swastika operating frequency range. Various solutions have been
shape patch antenna is designed and analyzed by using the finite proposed to achieve the wide band frequency range in patch
element method based High Frequency Structure Simulator antenna. Some of the already published work in this field
(HFSS) and Method of Moment based Applied Wave Research
include the coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole patch
(AWR) Microwave Office simulation tool. Proposed Structure is
antenna with T-shaped CPW ground in the notch and a
investigated for different dimensions (Length and Width) of
rectangular slots cut from the patch antenna to obtain the tapered CPW ground out of the notch [2], grounded coplanar
broadband frequency range in X-band (8-12 GHz). The waveguide (GCPW) with modified Sierpinski-Carpet (SC)
impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 16.42% with antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications [3], a V-
centre frequency of 9.5 GHz at -10 dB, which is further improved shaped thin slot planar UWB antenna having frequency band
to 17.89% after the parametric analysis of different dimensions notch characteristics [4], a compact planar monopole antenna
of the rectangular slot cuts made on the patch antenna. The consisting of a square slot patch with a vertical coupling strip
simulated radiation pattern (Electric field and Magnetic field), of standard band-notched characteristic suitable for UWB
radiation efficiency, gain (in dB), VSWR (in dB) and return loss
applications [5], a compact printed UWB antenna fed by
(S11 in dB) are demonstrated for proposed structure.
microstrip line consisting of square radiating patch on the top
Keywords-- Microstrip Patch Antenna , Return Loss , HFSS , layer and a slotted-parasitic patch on the bottom layer [6], a
AWR , X band. planar inverted cone antenna (PICA) of more than a 10:1
impedance bandwidth for (VSWR< 2) [7] and a microstrip-fed
I. I NTRODUCT ION half-wavelength folded-slot antenna cut at the finite ground
plane edge for bandwidth enhancement [8]. In the present
Now a day’s many applications such as wireless mobile
work wideband patch antenna is obtained by designing,
communication, satellite communication, bio-imaging system,
simulation and optimization of a modified compact and
position/localization systems, vehicles radar system,
miniaturized swastika shape microstrip patch antenna with
sensing/monitoring system, amateur radio system,
rectangular slots suitable for X-band (8-12 GHz) applications.
broadcasting etc. have been demanding the wideband
The proposed antenna has a rectangular ground plane and is
technology. One of the prominent solution of proper
excited by a coaxial probe feed 50  Sub-Miniature version A
transmission and reception of wide band frequencies is to
(SMA) connector. The impedance bandwidth and central
design microstrip patch antenna with different shapes (square,
frequency variation can be observed by varying the
circular, triangular etc) and sizes. Microstrip antenna is a
dimensions (length and width) of rectangular slot cuts made
conducting patch printed on a grounded microwave substrate
on patch antenna. The simulated and optimized results are
of different relative permittivities with many attractive
discussed.
features like low radiation loss, light in weight, compact in
size and ease of fabrication and integration with monolithic
microwave integrated circuits [1]. One of the noticeable
disadvantages of microstrip patch antennas is narrowband

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DOI 10.1109/ICACCE.2015.135
 (15, 15) mm (i.e. at the centre oof the patch and substrate) and
radius of 1 mm is used for thhe excitation of patch. All the
rectangular slot cuts on the ppatch structure are made at a
distance of 3 mm from centrre of antenna. This modified
swastika shape patch antenna structure is resonating at 9.5
GHz with bandwidth of 1.56 GHz for return loss (-10 dB)
within X-band frequency range..

TABLE I DIMENSIONS OF THE PROPOSED STRUCTURE.

Substrate Length(L1) 30 mm
W 1)
Substrate Width(W 30 mm
Substrate Thicknesss(H1) 3 mm
L2)
Patch Length(L 20 mm
W 2)
Patch Width(W 20 mm
Cut_1,Cut_2,Cut_3,Cut_44, Length(L4) 4 mm
Fig. 1(a) Proposed structure of microstrip patch antennna in X-Y plane (upside
view). Cut_1,Cut_2,Cut_3,Cut_44,Width(W4) 2 mm

Antenna structure is investigaated through optimization for

different values of rectangular slot cuts (Cut_1, Cut_2, Cut_3
and Cut_4) made at patch too improve the selectivity and
bandwidth range. After the opptimizations the new antenna
structures in each case are oobtained as shown with their
dimensions in Fig. 2(a), 2(b)), 2(c) and 2(d). These new
structures are the optimum inn terms of minimum value of
return loss at central frequencyy 9.5 GHz, which are obtained
after the parametric analysis off length (L4) and width (W4) by
varying their value from 1 mm m to 4 mm in each rectangular
slot cuts.

Fig. 1(b) Proposed structure of microstrip patch antennna in Z-Y plane (Cross
section view).

II. DESIGN AND ANALYSIIS.

The structure of the proposed antenna is shown

s in Fig. 1(a)
and Fig. 1(b). This antenna is composedd of a conducting
square ground plane of length 30 mm and a width 30 mm,
conducting copper patch of swastika shape with four
rectangular slot cuts (Cut_1, Cut_2, Cut_33 and Cut_4) with
dimensions mention in Table I. The swaastika shape patch
structure is obtained by removing the four rectangular
r notches
of same dimensions (length L3 = 8 mm and width W3 = 4 mm) (aa)
from a square patch of dimension 20×20 mm m2 which is printed
on a dielectric FR4 epoxy substrate of relatiive permittivity ( r
= 4.4) and loss tangent (tan  = 0.013) with length L1= 30 mm,
width W1= 30 mm and thickness H1= 3 mm. The coaxial
probe feed SMA connecter of 50  with position co-ordinate

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 simulation. This discrepancy between the results obtained
from two electromagnetic simulators is due to the method and
approximation used for the AWR and HFSS based on
different concepts. HFSS uses a numerical technique called
the Finite Element Method (FE
EM) while AWR works on the
concept of Method of Moments (MOM).

(b)

Fig. 3(a) Return loss (S11 in dB) of prooposed modified swastika shape patch
antenna.
(c)

(d)

Fig. 2 Optimized Structures of the patch antenna obttained after varying the
dimensions of rectangular slot cuts (Cut_1, Cut_22, Cut_3 and Cut_4).
Optimized patch structures for new dimensions of (a) (2×3
( mm2) of Cut_1, (b)
(3×3 mm2) of Cut_2, (c) (3×3 mm2) of Cut_3, (d) (1×3 mm2) of Cut_4.
Fig. 3(b) Radiation Pattern of propoosed modified swastika shape patch
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION antenna.

The antenna structure is designed, simulaated and optimized The (= 00,  variable) planne contains the electric field
using Ansoft HFSS version 13.0 simulattor. The simulated radiation pattern and (= 900,  variable) plane contains the
results in terms of return loss, radiation patttern and VSWR are magnetic field radiation patttern of the proposed patch
shown in Fig. 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c) respectiveely. From Fig. 3(a) structure. In the front side off the patch (i.e. 900 to 2700),
it is clear that HFSS simulated –10dB imppedance bandwidth broader radiation pattern is obbtained while in the backward
direction of the patch the sttrength of electric field and
for X-band applications is in ranged from m 9 GHz to 10.56
magnetic field is comparatively small.
GHz and ranged from 8.656 GHz to 9.7224 GHz for AWR

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Fig. 3(c) VSWR (< 2) for operating frequency range of proposed modified
swastika shape patch antenna.
Fig. 5(a) Return loss (S11 in dB) of patch structures shown in figure 2 (a), (b),
A. Parametric analysis of Patch structure (c) and (d), obtained after making the notch of suitable size for each
rectangular slot cuts (Cut_1, Cut_2, Cut_3 and Cut_4).

Parametric analysis is performed by varying the dimensions of From figure 5(a) it is clear that the maximum impedance
rectangular slot cuts (Cut_1, Cut_2, Cut_3 and Cut_4) made bandwidth from 9.05 GHz to 10.72 GHz (approximately 1.7
on the patch to enhance the impedance bandwidth and
GHz) is obtained when length (L4) and width (W4) of
selectivity of the modified swastika shape patch antenna
structure and the result obtained after the optimization of rectangular slot Cut_2 as shown in Fig. 2(b) are equal to 3 mm
patch structure in terms of return loss (S11) is presented in each.
Fig. 4.
The radiation pattern (electric field and magnetic field),
VSWR, gain and radiation efficiency for most suitable
optimized patch structure obtained after fixing the dimensions
of rectangular slot Cut_2 of 3×3 mm2 are given in Fig. 5 (b),
(c), (d) and (e) respectively.

Fig. 4 Return loss (S11 in dB) represent on y-axis is checked by varying the
Length (L4) and Width (W4) of various slot cuts (Cut_1, Cut_2, Cut_3, Cut_4)
from 1mm to 4mm, each represent on lower x-axis and upper x-axis
respectively.

From figure 4, it is clear that the optimum value of return loss

Fig. 5(b) Radiation Pattern of optimized patch structure.
(S11 in dB) is obtained when both length (L4) and width (W4)
of rectangular slot Cut_2 as shown in Fig. 2(b) are equal to
The radiation pattern in terms of electric field strength of
3mm each. The minimum value of return loss (S11 in dB) in
optimized patch structure is more uniformly distributed on
each optimized case is represented in Fig. 5(a).
broader side as compared to non-optimized modified swastika
shape patch antenna structure shown in Fig. 3(b).

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The value of VSWR is found to be less than 2 and the value of
gain varies from 4.22 to 4.60 for given operating bandwidth
which makes the structure suitable for X-band applications.
The radiation efficiency lies from 79.7% to approximately
82% for the bandwidth.

Fig. 5(e) Radiation efficiency for optimized patch structure.

IV. CONCLUSION

A compact and wideband modified swastika shape microstrip

patch antenna with rectangular slot cuts has been proposed
and studied for X-band applications. It is observed from the
parametric analysis that by varying the dimensions of
Fig. 5(c) VSWR (< 2) for optimized patch structure for operating frequency rectangular slot cuts made on the patch, the impedance
range (9.05 GHz to 10.72 GHz). bandwidth of the proposed patch antenna has been improved
from 16.42% to 17.89% for the optimum value of return loss.

REFERENCES

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