The Nano World

Objectives:
• Define Nanotechnology;
• Characterize Nanoscale;
• Describe the various uses of nanotechnology;
• Discuss concerns in the use of nanotechnology; and
• Explain the status of the use of Nanotechnology in
the Philippines
NANO & TECHNOLOGY
 A NANOMETER is a unit of length in the
metric system, equal to one billionth of a
meter (10-9).
 Technology is the making, usage and
knowledge of tools, machines and
techniques, in order to solve a problem
or perform a specific function.

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 WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?

It refers to the science, engineering,

and technology conducted at nanoscale,
which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology

employs the study and application of
exceptionally small things in other areas
of science including materials science,
engineering, physics, biology and
chemistry (NNI, 2017).

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WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?

The study of controlling or manipulating

of matter on an atomic and molecular
scale. Generally nanotechnology deals
with structures sized between 1-100
nanometer in at least one dimension,
and involves developing or modifying
materials or devices within that size.

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 A BRIEF HISTORY
The first ever concept was
presented in DECEMBER 29,
1959 by the famous professor
of physics Dr. Richard P.
Feynman.

The term nanotechnology has

been termed by Norio Taniguchi
in 1974.

Invention of the scanning

tunneling microscope in 1981
-there’s plenty of room at the bottom.
and the discovery of fullerene in
1985 led to the emergence of
nanotechnology. 5
HOW SMALL
IS A
NANOSCALE?

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HOW SMALL IS NANO? 6
 NANOMANUFACTURING
-> scaled-up, reliable and cost- effective
manufacturing of nanoscale materials,
structures, devices and systems. It also
involves research, improvement, and
incorporation of process foe the
construction of materials
BOTTOM-UP FABRICATION
- Manufactures products by building them
up from atomic – and molecular scale
TOP – DOWN FABRICATION
- It trims down large pieces of materials into
nanoscale.
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New approaches to the assembly
of nano materials
DIP PEN LITOGRAPHY
The tip of an atomic force microscope is “dipped” into a
chemical fluid and then utilized to “write” on a surface.
New approaches to the assembly
of nano materials
SELF-ASSEMBLY
A set of
components join
together to mold
an organized
structure in the
absence of an
outside direction.
New approaches to the assembly
of nano materials
CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
Chemicals act in response to form very
high-performance films.
New approaches to the assembly
of nano materials
NANOIMPRINT
LITOGRAPHY
A method of
generating
nanoscale
attributes by
“stamping” or
“printing” them
onto a surface.
New approaches to the assembly
of nano materials

ROLL TO ROLL
PROCESSING
Constructing
nanoscale
devices on a
roll of
ultrathin
plastic or
metal .
New approaches to the assembly
of nano materials
MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY
Depositing extremely controlled thin
films.
New approaches to
the assembly of
nano materials

ATOMIC LAYER
EPITAXY
Laying down one-
atom- thick layers on a
suface
Distinct Features of Nanoscale

 Scale at which much biology occurs

 Scale at which quantum effects dominate

properties of materials

 Nanoscale materials have far larger surface

areas than similar masses of larger-scale
materials .

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Nanoparticles are just tiny
bits of a larger material but
what happens when you
create such small pieces?

Images of gold nanoparticles courtsey of Paul Rhatigan,

Cambridge University.
Tiny pieces = more…….
1cm
Surface
1cm
Area

4cm

2cm

6cm2 12c m2
3cm 3cm
 Nanoparticles have more surface area. This
makes them more reactive since chemical
reactions happen on the surface.
More reactive means potentially more useful.
 Colour changes

• For example, sometimes just changing the size

of a particle can drastically alter its colour.
Cadmium Telluride

MACRO Gold

MACRO

Increasing size
Nanoparticles of CdTe.
A. Eychmüller , Technische Universität Dresden
Even mechanical and electrical
properties can be

influenced by size!
Carbon nanotubes are like
Graphene is graphene sheets but rolled up…
brittle and non- however they have totally
conductive different properties.

Did you know? Carbon nanotubes are

much stronger than steel yet much lighter,
and they can be conductive.
CARBON NANOTUBE

 CNT’S are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical

nanostructures.

 They have length to diameter ratio of upto

132,000,000:1.

 Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural

family. Their name is derived from their long, hollow
structure with the walls formed by one atom thick
sheets of carbon, called graphene.

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PROPERTIES

 Highest strength to weight ratio, helps in

creating light weight spacecrafts.

 Easily penetrate membranes such as cell

walls. Helps in cancer treatment.

 Electrical resistance changes significantly

when other molecules attach themselves
to the carbon atom. Helps in developing
sensors that can detect chemical vapours.

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APPLICATIONS

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APPLICATIONS
 Replacing transistors from the silicon chips as they
are small and emits less heat.
 In electric cables and wires.
 In solar cells.
 In fabrics.
 Research is expected to lead to new materials,
lubricants and medical applications.
 Devices or energy storage and energy conversion.
 Sensors.
 Reduces the damages caused by treatments such as
chemo.

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BENEFITS AND CONCERNS OF Using
Nanotechnology
 Nanotechnology is not a single technology;
it may become pervasive.
 Nanotechnology seeks to develop new
materials with specific properties.
 Nanotechnology may introduce new
efficiencies and paradigms which make
some natural resources and current
practices uncompetitive or obsolete.
 It may be complicated to detect its
presence unless one has the specialists
tools of nanotechnology.

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Nanotechnology ROADMAP for the
Philippines (Funded but PCAS-TRD- DOST)

• ICT and semiconductors

• Health and biomedical
• Energy
• Environment
• Agriculture and Food
• Health and Environmental risk
• Nano metrology
• Education and public awareness

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PITFALLS
 Nanoparticles can get into the body through the
skin, lungs and digestive system , thus creating free
radicals that can cause cell damage.

 Once nanoparticles are in the bloodstream, they will

be able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

 The most dangerous nano-application use for

military purposes is the nano-bomb that contain
engineered self multiplying deadly viruses that can
continue to wipe out a community, country or even a
civilization.

 Nanobots because of their replicating behavior can

be a big threat for GRAY GOO.

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SCOPE IN FUTURE well include the
nanorobotics.
use of

itNanotechnology may make These nanorobots have the

possible to manufacture
potential to take on human
lighter, stronger and
tasks as well as tasks that
programmable materials
humans could never
that require less energy to
complete. The rebuilding
produce than conventional
of the depleted ozone
material and that promise
layer could potentially be
great fuel efficiency in
able to be performed.
land transportation, ships,
aircrafts and space There would be an entire
vehicles.
nano surgical field to help
cure everything from
 The future of
natural aging to diabetes
nanotechnology could very
to bone spurs.

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