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U Name of the Ex
Study of the power measurement of three phase balanced Y connected load using two wattneter
periment
Objectives
‘After completion of this experiments the students will able to
© measure three phase power and power factor in a balanced three phase circuit using two sing
phase wattmeter.
© calculate the three phase power for unbalance load condition.
U Theory
Single phase power can be measured using single wattmeter, but for measurement of 3 phase power can
be done using following methods:
© One wattmeter method
Two wattmeter method
«Three wattmeter method.
‘Two Wattmeter Method can be employed to measure the power in a3 phase, three-wire star or delta
connected the balanced or unbalanced load.
In two wattmeter method, the current coils of the wattmeter are connected with any two lines, say Rand
Y and the potential coil of each wattmeter is joined on the same line, the third line i.c. B as shown below
in Fig. 1
Figure 1; Connection diagram for two-wattmeter method of measuring three phase power
The two wattmeter method is used for the power measurement in the 3-phase systems, irrespective of
whether the load is balanced or unbalanced, star or delta connected. As shown in Fig, 1, the current coils
of the two wattmeters are inserted in any two lines and the potential coil of each joined to the third line.
It can be proved that the sum of the instantaneous powers indicated by Wi and Wa gives the
instantaneous power absorbed by the three loads Z:, Z2 and Z3. A star-connected load is considered in
the following discussion although it can be equally applied to A-connected loads because a A-connected
load can always be replaced by an equivalent Y-connected load, Now, before we consider the currents
through and p.d. across each wattmeter, it may be pointed out that it is important to take the direction
of the voltage through the circuit the same as that taken for the current when establishing the readings
of the two wattmeters. Relationship between Line voltage and Phase voltage Line voltage and phase
voltage are directly proportional to each other. That means, when the line voltage inereases, the p
voltage will also increase.
Since load is balanced, Vau = Vyu = line voltage Vi; ly = In = line current, I
4 Wi = \BVib cos (30 + 6) and W2 = V3Vibt cos (30 - 0); « WI + W2= V3Vih, cos 0.
O Required Devices and Instruments
In this experiment, you will need following elements and instruments according to the eizeuit
diagram. > Three phase power supply
© Rheostat ~ 3
6 AC Ames Ft
© AC voltmeter ~ *1
© Multimeter —*1
ig Wire as required
Cone’
co Wattmeter ~ x2
O Circuit Diagram
Fig, 2: Power measurement of balanced three phase system using two wattmeter method
OD Procedure
i. Connect circuit as shown in the circuit diagram for star and delta load.
ii, Switch on the main supply and apply 7 =120 V to 150V.
iv. Note down the readings of meters as mentioned in observation table for star and delta connected
load.
v. Change the supply voltage and take two more set of readings.
O Data Table
Data Table for the poly phase system is shown below
2 Wy reading | W2 reading
Total power
Watt aay
Tout poner | tor | Power etn
| Watt Wit W2 W= V3V1 Iucos(0) W \ (ay ‘e0s(8)
Note: cos(tb) = 1, since load is resistive in nature
O Calculations or Results
Show the calculation for measuring p.f. of unknown load,
OG Conclusion
Answer the following questions:
1. How many coils are there in a single phase wattmeter?
2. Can you measure reactive power in a three phase circu
using this method?
3. How a wattmeter is connected in an a.c. circuit?
