DATA TRANSFER USING LASER AND LIGHT(LIFI)

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of

the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering

By
Mr. BANJAN BEHERA ARMIET/AI20/BB007
Mr. ABHISHEK BARAI ARMIET/AI21/BA225
Mr. AKASH YADAV ARMIET/AI21/YA209
Mr. ABHISHEK DUBEY ARMIET/AI21/DA214
Under the Guidance of
PROF. MAYANK MANGAL

ALAMURI RATNAMALA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

Affiliated to
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

Department of Computer Science

&
Engineering (AIML)
Academic Year – 2022-2023
 CERTIFICATE
This mini project report entitled “DATA TRANSFER USING LASER AND
LIGHT(LIFI)” by, Mr. Banjan Behera, Mr. Abhishek Barai, Mr. Akash
Yadav, Mr. Abhishek Dubey is approved for the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering (AIML), (Third Year)
for academic year 2022 - 2023

Examiners

1.

2.

Supervisor

1.

Prof. Mayank Mangal

Head of the Department Principal

Date:

Place:
 DECLARATION
I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words
and where others' ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and
referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles
of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or
falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand that any
violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and
can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly
cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

Mr. Banjan Behera Mr. Akash Yadav Mr. Abhishek Barai Mr. Abhishek Dubey
ARMIET/AI20/BB007 ARMIET/AI21/YA209 ARMIET/AI21/BA225 ARMIET/AI21/DA214

Date:

Place:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A mini project is something that could not have been materialized without cooperation
of many people. This project shall be incomplete if I do not convey my heartfelt
gratitude to those people from whom I have got considerable support and
encouragement.

It is a matter of great pleasure for us to have a respected Prof. Mayank Mangal as our
project guide. We are thankful to her for being constant source of inspiration.

We would also like to give our sincere thanks to Prof. Mayank Mangal, Head of
Department, for their kind support.
Last but not the least I would also like to thank all the staffs of ARMIET college of
Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering Department) for their valuable
guidance with their interest and valuable suggestions brightened us.
 CONTENTS
CH.
NO TOPIC NAME PAGE NO.

LIST OF FIGURES I

LIST OF TABLES II

LIST OF ABBREVIATION III

INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Objective of the Project

2

1.2 Background Research

2

1 1.3 Main Purpose

2

1.4 Future Scope

3

1.5 Applicability
3

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
4

2.1 Review of Literature

5

SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGY
6

3.1 Existing System

7
3 3.2 Proposed System
7

3.3 Overall Design

8

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
9

4.1 Problem Definition

10

4 4.2 Requirement Specification

10

4.3 Software Requirements and Hardware Requirements

11
4.3.1 Hardware Requirements 11

4.3.2 Software Requirements 11

 SYSTEM DESIGN 12
5
5.1 Methodology 13

6 UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE (UML)

14

6.1 Flow Chart 15

6.2 Use Case Diagram 16

6.3 Circuit Diagram 17

6.4 Activity Diagram 18

6.5 System Architecture 19

6.6 Block Diagram 20

IMPLEMENTATION 21-23
7

CONCLUSION 24

REFERENCES 25

ANNEXURE I – SOURCE CODE 26-28

 LIST OF FIGURES

Sr. No. Figure Name Page No.

1 Flow Chart 15

2 Use Case Diagram 16

3 Circuit Diagram 17

4 Activity Diagram 18

5 System Architecture 19

6 Block Diagram 20
 LIST OF ABBREVIATION

Sr. No. Abbreviation Definition

1 LIFI LIGHT FIDELITY

2 AUX AUXILIARY PORT

3 LED LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

4 ARDUINO IDE ARDUINO INTEGRATED

DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY
5 LASER SIMULATED EMISSION OF
RADIATION

6 RAM RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

 ABSTRACT

Light Fidelity (LiFi) is a Visible Light Communication (VLC) based technology

that making a light as a media of communication replacing the cable wire
communication. LiFi is evolve to overcome the rate speed in WiFi, while using LiFi
the rate speed can reach until 14 Gbps. This paper presents an introduction of the
LiFi technology including the architecture, modulation, performance, and the
challenges. The result of this paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to
develop some of the LiFi technology.
 DATA TRANSFER USING LASER AND LIGHT(LIFI)

1. INTRODUCTION

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1.1. Objective of The Project:

The prime objective of the project is to create an application that transmits data be
it text, audio or video using Li-Fi technology for coping with the limited
bandwidth problem we face in RF (Radio frequency) signals. For better, efficient,
secure and a faster connection Li-Fi is used. One of the advantages of using Li-Fi
over Wi-Fi is that it avoids radiation produced by Wi-Fi. The goal of our project
is to transfer data with faster speed which is not easy to achieve through Wi-Fi and
see whether transmission is possible through various mediums or not. Li-Fi can be
thought as an alternative for Wi-Fi which uses light as a medium to transmit data.
We aimed at the transmission of data via Li-Fi and all the possible aspects of
transmitting data via light through various mediums which will give us a broad
idea of where and how we can use Li-Fi for transmission of data

1.2. Background Research:

A remote optical systems administration innovation that utilizations light-

transmitting diode (LEDs) for information transmission is Light devotion (LiFi).
Light Fidelity is intentional to utilize LED lights like those by and by being used
in numerous vitality mindful homes and workplaces. Notwithstanding, Li-Fi
bulbs are set up with a chip that tweaks the light imperceptibly for optical
information transmission Light Fidelity information is transmitted by the light
emitting diodes bulbs and received by the photoreceptors. Light Fidelity (LiFi)
near the beginning developmental models was accomplished of 150 Megabits-
per-second. Some of the business units empowering that speed have been
discharged. In the lab, with more grounded Light producing diodes and distinctive
innovation, specialists have empowered 10 gigabits-per-second (Gbps), which is
quicker than 802.11ad.

1.3. Main Purpose:

Li-Fi systems could offer a better system to transmit low latency, high volume
data across networks. Besides providing a higher speed, light waves also have
reduced effects on medical instruments. An example of this would be the
possibility of wireless devices being used in MRIs similar radio sensitive
procedures.

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1.4 Future Scope:

As light is everywhere and free to use, there is a great scope for the use and
evolution of Li-Fi technology. If this technology matures, each Li-Fi Bulb can be
used to transmit data. As the Li-Fi technology becomes popular, it will lead to a
cleaner, greener, economical, and safer communication system. Although Li-Fi
promises to solve issues such as, shortage of radio-frequency bandwidth and
eliminates the disadvantages of radio communication technologies, but it is also
associated with short range and the need of a light source. As such Li-Fi is not
likely to replace Wi-Fi completely, but the use of two together i.e. Wi-Fi and Li-
Fi can prove to improve quality of life.

1.5 Applicability:

In current wireless communication system have a security gap because radio

waves can pass through the walls. Security gap is a big disadvantage for
industrial automation systems that are working in higher-up security level. Light
waves cannot pass through the walls. Therefore, these industrial automation
systems are protected using Li-Fi technology.

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2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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2.1 Review of Literature:

A literature review may be a crucial and an appraising outline of the themes,

problems and arguments of a selected clearly outlined analysis topic obtained
from the printed (and unpublished) literature. The literature survey is study of
existing systems as mentioned below. The present Methodology was
incontestable at the 2011 by cluster of corporations and industries group to push
high speed optical wireless system and overcome the radio based mostly wireless
spectrum. Consistent with the li-fi syndicate [2], it's doable to realize quite ten
Gbps of speed, on paper which might enable a high-definition film to download
simply in thirty second. Researchers at the University of Strathclyde [2] in
European country have begun the task of delivery high-speed. The technology
was incontestable at the 2012 shopper natural philosophy show in Las-Vegas [2]
to exchange knowledge victimization lightweight of varied intensity given aloof
from the screens, detectable at a distance of up to ten meters. Employing a
commonplace white-light junction rectifier man of science at the Heirnrich hertz
Institute in berlin [2], Germany, have reached knowledge rates of over five
hundred megabytes per second. The present methodology is incontestable at the
2014 by Rahul R. Sharma, Raunak & akshay sanganal is li-fi technology. This
techniques applied to VLC rate multiplied by parallel knowledge transmission
victimization AN array of junction rectifier (LED transmits totally different
knowledge streams). advantage of this technology is speed > 1Gbps will be
achieved and it will supply of net like Wi-Fi. It will replace with Wi-Fi.

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3. SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGY

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3.1 Existing System:

Li-Fi signals work by switching bulbs on and off incredibly quickly – too
quickly to be noticed by the human eye. This most recent breakthrough builds
upon this by using tiny micro-LED bulbs to stream several lines of data in parallel.

3.2 Proposed System:

The following are the steps designed for Proposed System: 1) The first and most
important thing needed for the system to work is Power Supply. 2)Internet
connection is made and streaming of the content is done accordingly. 3)LED
Lamp glows with the help of power supply and there is continuous transfer of 0
and 1 and when there is no obstacle the sensor receives 0 and 1. But if there is an
obstacle the sensor receives only 0 signal. 4)Now, if there is continuous transfer
of 0 and 1 signals the system works as a Li-Fi which has the following steps: a)
Receiving the application data coming from the LED Lamp through sensor. b)
Performing Amplification and Processing. c)Delivering the data to the end user.
Figure 7: Flow Chart showing Proposed System 5) But, if there is only 0 signal
coming from the sensor that means there is some kind of obstacle which may be
wall or anything which does not allow light to transfer the system generates radio
waves in the following manner: a) Oscillator which oscillates the current coming
from the power supply into alternating current. b) Modulator which adds the
information in the wave. c)Amplifier which increases the power of the
transferring wave. d)Antenna which converts the amplified waves into radio
wave. e) Wireless Adaptors are the receivers which receives the radio waves. f)
Finally, the data is delivered to the end user. 6) In this way, the data can be
transmitted through walls without causing any problem to the user.

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3.3 Overall Design:

The overall design of our system consists of the following phases:

• In this project we are going to transfer the data without any wire or cable
connection.
• we will convert the data into light form with the help of transmitter.
• And receiver side will decrypt the data and display it.

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4. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

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4.1 Problem Definition:

Different burdens of Li-Fi are powerlessness to light obstruction and

advancement of light contamination. Observe that despite fact that this innovation
is invulnerable to electromagnetic impedances, different wellsprings of light may
meddle with sign. Daylight can meddle with light signals created by a Li-Fi-
empowered LED light. The relating recipient may struggle handling these signs.
Web interference is conceivable. Besides, on grounds that empowered LED lights
should stay on, they can offer further to light contamination, particularly
whenever set at higher splendor to make up for conceivable impedance with other
light sources.

4.2 Requirement Specification:

Arduino designs, manufactures, and supports electronic devices and software,

allowing people around the world to easily access advanced technologies that
interact with the physical world. Our products are straightforward, simple, and
powerful, ready to satisfy users’ needs from students to makers and all the way
to professional developers.

Solar panels are those devices which are used to absorb the sun's rays and convert
them into electricity or heat.

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4.3 Software Requirements and Hardware Requirements:

4.3.1 Hardware Requirements:

For Transmitter:
• A laser (in this assignment, red is chosen, 5mW, 650nm, class III A pen
laser)
• 3 AA batteries 1.5 volts each along with holder (4.5 volts total)
• An audio output transformer/sound output transformer (1000Ω - 8
Ω)/optional
• Clip leads
• Aux cable with striped ends
• Sound source (mike/ radio/ phone)

For Receiver:
• Solar panel (1 watt)
• Clip leads
• Amplifier (radio with aux in)/ a speaker along with aux jointer

4.3.2 Software Requirements:

• Arduino IDE 2.0

• Windows

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5. SYSTEM DESIGN

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5.1 Methodology:

The Model is a used to transfer the Audio/Text/Data etc. from one side to
another side using Light.

• User will select the data files in form of audio/text.

• The user will put the data in transmitter side.
• After that data will sent to the receiver side in the form of encrypted file.
• On receiver side the data will be decoded in the form of audio or text.

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6. UNIFIED MODELING
LANGUAGE
(UML)

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6.1 Flow Chart:

Fig. Flow Chart

In this we have shown systematic flow of how our project is going to work and the
detailed overview of the step-by-step procedure followed.

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6.2 Use Case Diagram:

Fig. Use Case Diagram

In the above Diagram we have showed the detailed view of how the transmitter
and receiver both are working to transfer the data

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6.3 Circuit Diagram:

Fig. Circuit Diagram

This is the circuit diagram where the detailed view of circuit, what instantly we are
going to use.

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6.4Activity Diagram:

Fig. Activity Diagram

In the Above Diagram there is activity diagram where steps are shown that what
are included in the project and what each module is having inside it

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6.5 System Architecture:

Fig. System Architecture

The above diagram shows the system how the project works start to end and
what are the modules included in it.

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6.6 Block Diagram:

Fig. Block Diagram

The Above block Diagram shows how the modules are interconnected and how
they work step by step and what are the producer required to start.

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7. IMPLEMENTATION

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7.1 Results:

The above fig. showing the view of solar panel side when the wire is not connected
with battery and speaker

The above fig. showing the view of LED side when the wire is not connected with
battery and speaker

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The above fig. showing the view of LED side when the wire is connected with
battery and speaker and the LED light is on because it is connected to 100 oms
registers and also aux cable is connected to mobile.

The above fig. showing the view of Solar panel side when the wire is connected
with battery and speaker and the LED light is on because it is connected to 100 oms
registers and also aux cable is connected to mobile.

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CONCLUSION

Here, developed system that connects the transmitter circuit to every alternative
through a server pc. This will be setup within the structure of latest buildings. Then,
the info transmitted by the fluorescent lamps can now not be static, and every lamp
will have information controlled by the server or network, that interfaces to the
microcontroller of the transmission circuit. Its attainable for a controller within the
main room to channelize series totally different messages for various locations by
career different functions within the main program embedded within the
microcontroller. All the knowledge, which is distributed out by the lamp at every
location, is ready within the main program. As may be seen, there square measure
several applications for this technique in varied fields. Its application areas will vary
from pc games to industrial producing, urban facilities, and unit usage.

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REFERENCE
[1] LiFi is a paradigm-shifting 5G technology, LiFi Research and Development
Centre, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK

[2]. Laser based optical transceiver for data transfer of free space optical
communication, European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.67
No.2 (2012), pp. 294-300 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2012

[3]. Transmission of large amounts of scientific data using laser technology, Journal
of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 740, V International Symposium on Coherent
Optical Radiation of Semiconductor Compounds and Structures 23–26 November
2015, Moscow, Russia

[4]. Harald Haas, * Liang Yin, Cheng Chen, Stefan Videv, Damian Parol,Institute for
Digital Communications, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, LiFi
Research and Development Centre, EH9 3JL,

LINKS:

▪ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405428317300151

▪ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283613284_Laser_based_optical_t
ransceiver_for_data_transfer_of_free_space_optical_communication

▪ https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8932632

▪ https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/740/1/012015

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ANNEXURE-I
(SOURCE CODE)

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const int LaserPin = 4; int bin[7];

void setup() { int newbin[7];

pinMode (LaserPin, OUTPUT); for(z=0;z<8;z++){

Serial.begin(9600); bin[z] = m%2;

} m = m /2 ;

void loop() { }

Serial.println(""); for (int j= 7 ; j>=0 ; j-- ){

Serial.print("Waiting for message newbin[7-j] = bin[j] ;

now:");Serial.println();
}
while(Serial.available()==0){}
for( int p=0 ; p<8 ; p++ ){
String message = Serial.readString();
if (newbin[p] == 1){
Serial.print("Transmitting now:");Serial.println();
bits[p] = 1 ;
int messageSize=message.length()-1;
}
//Serial.println(message);
if ( newbin[p] == 0){
//Serial.println(messageSize);
bits[p] = 0 ;
char myText[messageSize];
}
message.toCharArray(myText,messageSize+1);
}
//Serial.println(myText);
bits[0] = 1;

int length = sizeof(myText);

for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
int ar[length];
digitalWrite(LaserPin, bits[i]);
int m;
Serial.print(bits[i]);
int bits[8];
delay(10);
for (int i =0 ; i<length ; i++ ) {
}
ar[i]= int(myText[i]);

}
digitalWrite(LaserPin, LOW);
for (int n =0 ; n<length ; n++ ){
delay(100);
m=ar[n];
}
int z;
}

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#define solar_pin A0

#define threshold 440 char final_letter=search_letter;

void setup() { Serial.print(final_letter);

pinMode(solar_pin, INPUT); }

Serial.begin(9600); }

void loop() {

int Reading = analogRead(solar_pin);

int BITS[8];

//Listening for the start bit

if (Reading > threshold) {

for (int i =0; i<8 ; i++) {

if (analogRead(solar_pin) > threshold) {

BITS[i] = 1 ;

else {

BITS[i] = 0;

delay(10);

int search_letter = 0;

for (int j =1; j <8; j++) {

if (BITS[j] ==1) {

search_letter = search_letter + (1<<(7-j));

char final_letter=search_letter;

Serial.print(final_letter);

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