0580 Mathematics (Extended)
Topics: Geometry (Part I)
Learning Objective
• Fundamental results
• Pythagoras’ Theorem
• Symmetry
• Similarity
• Congruence
• Circle Theorem
• Constructions
• Nets
Congruence
Congruence Test
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1. In the diagram, 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐶𝑋 and 𝐵𝑋 = 𝐷𝑋. Show that ∆𝐴𝐵𝑋 is congruent to ∆𝐶𝐷𝑋.
2. In the diagram, 𝐴𝐷 is parallel to 𝐵𝐶. Given that 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐶𝐵, 𝐴𝐵 = 4 cm and ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 100°
(a) prove that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷 is congruent to ∆𝐶𝐷𝐵,
(b) find 𝐶𝐷 and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷.
𝐶𝐷 =…………...……………..
∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 =……….…………………
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3. In the quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, 𝐵𝐸 = 𝐶𝐸 and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐷𝐶.
(a) Prove that ∆𝐴𝐸𝐵 is congruent to ∆𝐷𝐸𝐶.
(b) Name a triangle that is congruent to ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.
…………...……………..
(c) Name a triangle that is congruent to ∆𝐴𝐵𝐷.
…………...……………..
4.
𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 are points on the circle, centre 𝑂.
𝑀 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵 and 𝑁 is the midpoint of 𝐶𝐷.
𝑂𝑀 = 𝑂𝑁.
Explain, giving reasons, why triangle 𝑂𝐴𝐵 is congruent to triangle 𝑂𝐶𝐷.
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Circle Theorem
1. The diagram shows points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 on the circumference of a circle, centre 𝑂.
𝐴𝐷 is a straight line, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 and angle 𝑂𝐴𝐵 = 52°.
Find angle 𝐴𝐷𝐶.
Angle 𝐴𝐷𝐶 =………………………….
2.
𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 are points on the circle, centre 𝑂.
𝐵𝐶𝐸 is a straight line.
Angle 𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 108° and angle 𝐷𝐶𝐸 = 60°.
Calculate the values of 𝑤, 𝑥 and 𝑦.
𝑤 =………………………….
𝑥 =………………………….
𝑦 =………………………….
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3. The diagram shows points 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 and 𝑆 on the circumference of a circle, centre 𝑂.
𝑉𝑇 is the tangent to the circle at 𝑄.
Complete the statements.
(a) Angle 𝑄𝑃𝑆 = angle 𝑄𝑅𝑆 =………………° because ……………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Angle 𝑆𝑄𝑃 =………………° because ………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Part (a) and part (b) show that
The cyclic quadrilateral 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is a ………………………………….
4.
𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅 lie on a circle, centre 𝑂.
Angle 𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 𝑦° and angle 𝑃𝑂𝑅 = (2𝑦 − 60)°
Find the value of 𝑦.
𝑦 =………………………°
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5. (a)
𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 are points on the circle. 𝐴𝐷 is parallel to 𝐵𝐶.
The chords 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 intersect at 𝑋.
Find the value of 𝑢 and the value of 𝑣.
𝑢 =………………………………
𝑣 =………………………………
(b)
𝐹, 𝐺 and 𝐻 are points on the circle, centre 𝑂.
Find the value of 𝑝.
𝑝 =……………………………
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6. (a)
The points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 lie on the circumference of the circle.
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷, 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 and angle 𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 42°. Find angle 𝐶𝐴𝐵.
Angle 𝐶𝐴𝐵 =………………………………..
(b)
The points 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 and 𝑆 lie on the circumference of the circle, centre 𝑂.
Angle 𝑄𝑂𝑆 = 146°. Find angle 𝑄𝑅𝑆.
Angle 𝑄𝑅𝑆 =………………………………..
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7.
In the diagram, points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸 and 𝐹 lie on the circumference of the circle.
Angle 𝐵𝐹𝐶 = 19°, angle 𝐴𝐷𝐵 = 23° and angle 𝐴𝐵𝐸 = 67°. Find
(a) angle 𝐵𝐸𝐶,
Angle 𝐵𝐸𝐶 =………………………………..
(b) angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶,
Angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 =………………………………..
(c) angle 𝐵𝐶𝐸.
Angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 =………………………………..
8.
𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 and 𝐸 lie on the circle. 𝐴𝐵 is extended to 𝐹.
Angle 𝐴𝐸𝐷 = 140° and angle 𝐶𝐵𝐹 = 95°. Find the values of 𝑤, 𝑥 and 𝑦.
𝑤 =…………………..
𝑥 =…………………..
𝑦 =…………………..
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9.
𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 lie on the circle. 𝑃𝐶𝑄 is a tangent to the circle at 𝐶. Angle 𝐴𝐶𝑄 = 64°.
Work out angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, giving reasons for your answer.
Angle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 =………………. because ……………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
10.
Points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸 and 𝐹 lie on the circle, centre 𝑂.
Find the value of 𝑥 and the value of 𝑦.
𝑥 =…………………..
𝑦 =…………………..
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11.
𝐶 lies on a circle with diameter 𝐴𝐷.
𝐵 lies on 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐸 lies on 𝐴𝐷 such that 𝐵𝐸 is parallel to 𝐶𝐷.
𝐴𝐵 = 21 cm, 𝐶𝐷 = 18 cm and 𝐵𝐸 = 13.5 cm.
Work out the radius of the circle.
radius = ………………………… cm
12.
Find:
(a) angle 𝐴𝐷𝐶,
Angle 𝐴𝐷𝐶 =………………………………..
(b) angle 𝐴𝑂𝐶,
Angle 𝐴𝑂𝐶 =………………………………..
(c) angle 𝐵𝐴𝑇,
Angle 𝐵𝐴𝑇 =………………………………..
(d) angle 𝑂𝐴𝐵.
Angle 𝑂𝐴𝐵 =………………………………..
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13.(a)
𝐾, 𝐿 and 𝑀 are points on the circle. 𝐾𝑆 is a tangent to the circle at 𝐾.
𝐾𝑀 is a diameter and triangle 𝐾𝐿𝑀 is isosceles.
Find the value of 𝑧.
𝑧 =………………………………..
(b)
𝐴𝑇 is a tangent to the circle at 𝐴. Find the value of 𝑥.
𝑥 =………………………………..
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14.
𝑃, 𝑅 and 𝑄 are points on the circle. 𝐴𝐵 is a tangent to the circle at 𝑄.
𝑄𝑅 bisects angle 𝑃𝑄𝐵. Angle 𝐵𝑄𝑅 = 𝑥° and 𝑥 < 60.
Use this information to show that triangle 𝑃𝑄𝑅 is an isosceles triangle.
Give a geometrical reason for each step of your work.
15.
The diagram shows a cyclic quadrilateral.
Find the value of 𝑦.
𝑦 =………………………………..
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