ICT ASSIGNMENT
HACKING
GRADE 11
SOCIAL SCIENCE
SUBMISSION DATE TUE/ JUN /22
SUBMITED TO
0
PAN NATION ACADEMY
GROUP NAME
Hermela Abraham
Kaleab Mekonen
Hikma Abdela
Kidest Mntesnot
Mohammed Tolha
Mohammed Muhidin
Contents
Definition of Hacking...............................................1
Introduction of Cybercrime.......................................2
Ethical Hacking.........................................................3
Summary...................................................................4
Definition of Hacking
What is Hacking?
Hacking is the activity of identifying weaknesses in a computer system or a network to
exploit the security to gain access to personal data or business data. An example of
computer hacking can be: using a password cracking algorithm to gain access to a
computer system.
Computers have become mandatory to run successful businesses. It is not enough to have
isolated computer systems they need to be networked to facilitate communication with
external businesses. This exposes them to the outside world and hacking.
System hacking means using computers to commit fraudulent acts such as fraud, privacy
invasion, stealing corporate/personal data, etc. Cybercrimes cost many organizations
millions of dollars every year.
Who is a Hacker?
A Hacker is a person who finds and exploits the weakness in computer systems and/or
networks to gain access. Hackers are usually skilled computer programmers.
Hackers are classified according to the intent of their actions. The following list classifies types
of hackers according to their intent:
Ethical Hacker (White hat): A security hacker who gains access to systems
intending to fix the identified weaknesses. They may also perform Penetration
Testing and vulnerability assessments.
Cracker (Black hat): A hacker who gains unauthorized access to computer
systems for personal gain. The intent is usually to steal corporate data, violate privacy
rights, transfer funds from bank accounts, etc.
Grey hat: A hacker who is in between ethical and black hat hackers. He/she breaks
into computer systems without authority intending to identify weaknesses and reveal
them to the system owner.
Script kiddies: A non-skilled person who gains access to computer systems using
already made tools.
Hacktivist: A hacker who uses hacking to send social, religious, and political, etc.
messages. This is usually done by hijacking websites and leaving a message on the
hijacked website.
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Phreaker: A hacker who identifies and exploits weaknesses in telephones instead
of computers. The knowledge of computer security.
Introduction of Cybercrime
What is cybercrime?
Cybercrime is the activity of using computers and networks to perform illegal activities
like spreading computer viruses, online bullying, performing unauthorized electronic
fund transfers, etc. Most cybercrime hacks are committed through the internet, and some
cybercrimes are performed using Mobile phones via SMS and online chatting
applications.
Type of Cybercrime
Computer Fraud: Intentional deception for personal gain via the use of
computer systems.
Privacy violation: Exposing personal information such as email addresses,
phone numbers, and account details, etc. on social media, hacking websites, etc.
Identity Theft: Stealing personal information from somebody and impersonating
that person.
Sharing copyrighted files/information: This involves distributing
copyright-protected files such as eBooks and computer programs etc.
Electronic funds transfer: This involves gaining unauthorized access to bank
computer networks and making illegal fund transfers.
Electronic money laundering: This involves the use of the computer to
launder money.
ATM Fraud: This involves intercepting ATM card details such as account
numbers and PINs. These details are then used to withdraw funds from the
intercepted accounts.
Denial of Service Attacks: This involves the use of computers in multiple
locations to attack servers with a view of shutting them down.
Spam: Sending unauthorized emails. These emails usually contain advertisements.
Ethical Hacking
What is Ethical Hacking?
Ethical Hacking is identifying weaknesses in computer systems and/or computer
networks and coming with countermeasures that protect the weaknesses.
Ethical hackers must abide by the following rules.
Get written permission from the owner of the computer system and/or computer
network before hacking.
Protect the privacy of the organization been hacked.
Transparently report all the identified weaknesses in the computer system to the
organization.
Inform hardware and software vendors of the identified weaknesses.
Why Ethical Hacking?
Information is one of the most valuable assets of an organization. Keeping information secure
can protect an organization’s image and save an organization a lot of money.
Fake hacking can lead to loss of business for organizations that deal in finance such as
PayPal. Ethical hacking puts them a step ahead of the cybercriminals who would
otherwise lead to loss of business.
The legality of Ethical Hacking
Ethical Hacking is legal if the hacker abides by the rules stipulated in the above section
on the definition of ethical hacking. The International Council of E-Commerce
Consultants (EC-Council) provides a certification program that tests an individual's skills.
Those who pass the examination are awarded with certificates. The certificates are
supposed to be renewed after some time.
Summary
Hacking is identifying and exploiting weaknesses in computer systems and/or computer
networks.
Cybercrime is committing a crime with the aid of computers and information technology
infrastructure.
Ethical Hacking is about improving the security of computer systems and/or computer
networks.
Ethical Hacking is legal.
