CONCEPT AND
ADVANTAGE OF
GASIFICATION
• SUB: WASTE TO ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY
• SUB.CODE: 4350502
• DEPT.: CHEMICAL
• SEM: 5
• DIVISION: C TO D
NAME & ENROLLMENT NO:
• CHAUDHARI HARSHKUMAR MITESHBHAI
226208305004
• CHAVDA VIRALKUMAR RAMESHBHAI
226208305006
• GEDIYA KARAN DIPAKBHA
226208305008
BIOMASS GASIFICATION:
• The gasification is a thermo-chemical process that converts any carbon-containing
material into a combustible gas by supplying a restricted amount of oxygen.
• In case of biomass feedstock, this gas is known as wood gas, producer gas or syngas,
which composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen as fuels, together with
small amount of methane.
• It will also contain other compounds, such as sulfur and nitrogen oxides, depending on
the chemical composition of the fuel.
• Producer gas is a mixture of gases: 18%-22% carbon monoxide (CO), 8% -12% hydrogen
(H2), 8% -12% carbon dioxide (CO2), 2%-4% methane (CH4) and 45%-50% nitrogen
(N2) making up the rest.
• Under typical gasification conditions, oxygen levels are restricted to less than
30% of that required for complete combustion.
• Raw producer is not an end product, but requires further processing.
• Gasification adds value to low- or negative-value feedstocks by converting
them to marketable fuels and products.
• In utilization of gases from biomass gasification, it is important to understand
that gas specifications are different for the various applications.
• Furthermore, the composition of the gasification gas is very dependent on the
type of gasification process, gasification agent and the gasification temperature.
• Based on the general composition and the typical applications, two main types
of gasification gas can be distinguished as producer gas and syngas.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRODUCER GAS
AND SYNGAS:
• GASIFICATION RECTIONS:
• Producing gas from biomass consists of the following main reactions, which occur inside a biomass gasifier.
• Drying: Biomass fuels usually contain 10%-35% moisture. When biomass is heated to about 100 °C, the moisture is
converted into steam.
• Pyrolysis: After drying, as heating continues, the biomass undergoes pyrolysis. Pyrolysis involves burning biomass completely
without supplying any oxygen.As a result, the biomass is decomposed or separated into solids, liquids, and gases. Charcoal is
the solid part, tar is the liquid part, and flue gases make up the gaseous part.
• Oxidation: Air is introduced into the gasifier after the decomposition process. During oxidation, which takes place at about
700-1,400 °C, charcoal, or the solid carbonized fuel, reacts with the oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide and heat.
C + O2 →→ CO₂+ heat
Reduction: At higher temperatures and under reducing conditions, that is when not enough oxygen is available, the following
reactions take place forming carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and methane.
C+ CO2→2 CO
C+H2O CO+ H2
CO+ H2O CO2 + H2
C+2H2 →→ CH4
• GASIFIER END USES:
• Syngas or producer gas can be burned to create heat, steam, or
electricity.
• It can be converted to methane and fed into a natural gas
distribution system.
• Syngas can also be converted to methanol, ethanol, and other
chemicals or liquid fuels.
• Methanol produced through gasification can be further refined into
biodiesel with addition of vegetable oils or animal fats.
• O Use of gasification for generation of fuels, chemicals and power.
ADVANTAGES OF GASIFICATION
• Reduced CO2 emissions
• Compact equipment requirements with a relatively
small footprint
• Accurate combustion control
• High thermal efficiency
