SAGF

Archit Manas, Atul Shatavart Nadig, Sunaina Pati

Contents
1 P1 2

2 P2 3

3 P3 6

4 P4 Part a 8

5 P4 Part b 9

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Archit Manas, Atul Shatavart Nadig, Sunaina Pati (January 25, 2023) SAGF

§1 P1
Proof. Let M be the midpoint of B1 C1 . We claim that line P A2 D passes through M .
Indeed, if we instead let M A2 ∩ O1 O2 = P ′ , then
P O1 O1 M O1 A1 3 P O1
= = = =
P O2 O2 A2 2O2 A2 2 P O2

so we have P ′ = P , as claimed.
Next, let A′ be the reflection of A1 over B1 C1 , we claim that P A′ DA1 is cyclic. To
show this, it suffices to show M D · M P = M A21 , but M P = 3M A2 and M D · M A2 =
M B1 · M C1 by power of point. So it suffices to show that 3M B1 · M C1 = M A21 , which
is just true since √
3
M A1 = B 1 C1
2
and M is the midpoint.
Therefore, we have that the power of point O1 with respect to (A1 DP ) equals

O1 A1 · O1 A′ = (2O1 M )(4O1 M ) = 8O1 M 2

which is symmetric for all three sides, so O1 has the same power with respect to
(A1 DP ), (B1 EP ) and (C1 F P ), and since they all already go through a common point
P , they must have a common radical axis and so are coaxial, as desired.

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Archit Manas, Atul Shatavart Nadig, Sunaina Pati (January 25, 2023) SAGF

§2 P2
Proof. We start with the following lemma.

Lemma 2.1. Let ABC be a triangle, O be a point on the perpendicular bisector of BC. Let
D, E denote the intersection of line parallel AB, AC. Define P = (DOC ) ∩ (EOP ). Then
A − O − P.

Proof. So we invert about O. The inverted problem is: Give ABC triangle with O be
a point on the perpendicular bisector of BC. Let D, E denote the intersection of line
parallel (AOB ), (AOC ). We have to show that AO, CD, BE concur.
Proof: Note that as OB = OC we have

∠DAB = ∠DOB = ∠EOC = ∠EAC.

Define l1 as the reflection of DB over the angle bisector of ∠B and l2 as the reflection of
CE over the angle bisector of ∠C.

Claim 2.2. l1 ||AO||l2

Proof. Let
∠AOD = θ = ∠ABD =⇒ ∠AOE = 180 − θ = ∠ACE.
Let X be on l1 such that D and X are on opposite sides of AB. Similarly, define Y be
on l2 such that E and Y are on opposite sides of AC.
So note that
∠CBX = θ, ∠BCY = 180 − θ =⇒ l1 ||l2 .
Note that ∠ABX = ∠B + θ. And

180 − ∠OAB − 180 − ∠ODB = ∠DBC = ∠B + θ =⇒ OA||l1 ||l2 .

So BX ∩ CY = P∞ , A − O − P∞ collinear. By Jacobi theorem, we get A − O − P∞ , CD, BE

Hence, we get A − O − P collinear.

Claim 2.3. Define trinagle ABC, O be a point on the perpendicular bisector of BC.
Let D, F denote the intersection of line parallel AB, AC. Define P = (DOC ) ∩
(EOP ). Define M as the midpoint of BC. Define I = AB ∩ (DOCP ), H =
AC ∩ (BOF P ). Define L′ = BC ∩ IH. Define E = AO ∩ BC, A′ = AO ∩ (ABC ).
Prove that L′ , A′ , M , A cyclic i.e L′ = L.

Proof. Note that (L′ , E; B, C ) = −1. And hence we have

M E · EL′ = EC · EB = AE · EA′ =⇒ L′ M AA′ is cyclic =⇒ L′ = L.

Using this lemma, we get that K is the miquel point of BCHI(as K = (ABC ) ∩ AL).
Since K is the miquel point, we have (ABCK ), (AIHK ), (KCHL) cyclic.
We actually don’t need all the cyclities, but for fun, we will prove many quads cyclic.

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Archit Manas, Atul Shatavart Nadig, Sunaina Pati (January 25, 2023) SAGF

Claim 2.4. AKEM is cyclic

Proof. Note that (B, C; E, L) = −1 =⇒ LB · LC = LM · LE. But LB · LC =

Claim 2.5. P ∈ (AKHI )

Proof.

∠IP H = ∠IP O + ∠OP H = ∠ADO + ∠AF O = 180 − ∠A =⇒ P ∈ (AKI ).

Define G = DF ∩ AL

Claim 2.6. KF GH cyclic

Proof.
∠KGF = ∠KLC = ∠KLB = ∠KIB = ∠KHC.
The last equality follows as K is the spiral center taking BI to CH.

So by POP, we get

AK · AG = AF · AH = AO · AP = AD · AI

which gives KDIG, KGOP cyclic.

Claim 2.7. EKLP cyclic

Proof.
∠KLE = ∠KLB = ∠KIB = ∠KIA = ∠KP A = ∠KP E.

Claim 2.8. AKM E cyclic

Proof.
LM · LE = LB · LC = LA · LK =⇒ AKM E is cyclic.

Now to finish proving ∠AP K = ∠AA′ M .

Claim 2.9. ∠AP K = ∠AA′ M

Proof.
∠AP K = ∠AIK = ∠BIK = ∠BLK = ∠M LA = ∠AA′ M

And we are done!

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Archit Manas, Atul Shatavart Nadig, Sunaina Pati (January 25, 2023) SAGF

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Archit Manas, Atul Shatavart Nadig, Sunaina Pati (January 25, 2023) SAGF

§3 P3
Proof. Invert at A with arbitrary radius. The problem rephrases to the following:
Problem 3.1. In △ABC, let P be a point on the A angle bisector. Suppose D =
(AP C ) ∩ AB and E = (AP B ) ∩ AC. Let M = (CP E ) ∩ (BP D ). Let S ∈ (ABC ) such
that AS ∥ BC and T ∈ (ADE ) such that AT ∥ DE. Prove that M , S, T are collinear.
Note that since P is the spiral center sending BD to EC, we have that ABP E and
ADP C are cyclic. Since AP is angle bisector, we have that P B = P E and so the
spiral similarity must in fact just be a rotation, and so BD = CE. Further, note that
M = CD ∩ BE.
Let N be the midpoint of major arc BAC. Then by congruence of N BD and N CE,
we have that N is the midpoint of arc DAE on (ADE ) too. Let I = AS ∩ (ADE ),
J = AT ∩ (ABC ), H = DE ∩ BC, G = DT ∩ CS and F = BS ∩ ET .
Now, note that by desargues’ theorem on triangles DET and CBS, to show M , S, T
collinear, it suffices to show that F , G, H are collinear. In fact, we claim that all three of
these points lie on the perpendicular bisector of segment ST . Further, we will show that
N , I, J also lie on this perpendicular bisector, which we will denote by ℓ.
Note that due to midpoint of arcs, we have N S = N A = N T so N ∈ ℓ.
Since
∠ISN = ∠ASN = ∠SAN = ∠IAN = ∠IT N ,
we also have I ∈ ℓ. Analogously,

∠AJN = ∠ASN = ∠SAN = ∠SJN

so J ∈ ℓ as well.
Next, since
∠GSI = ∠CSA = ∠BAS = ∠DAI = ∠GT I,
we have G ∈ ℓ. Analogously, since

∠F SI = ∠BSA = ∠CAS = ∠EAI = ∠F T I,

so F ∈ ℓ as well.
Finally, observe that since N is the miquel point of quadrilateral BDEC, we have that
N ECH and N DBH are cyclic. Therefore,

∠EN I = ∠EAI = ∠CAS = ∠ACB = ∠EN H

so H ∈ ℓ as well. Therefore, points F , G, H are colliear on ℓ, as claimed, finishing the

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Archit Manas, Atul Shatavart Nadig, Sunaina Pati (January 25, 2023) SAGF

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Archit Manas, Atul Shatavart Nadig, Sunaina Pati (January 25, 2023) SAGF

§4 P4 Part a
Proof. Note that IC is symmedian in △DIB. Since ∠DCI = ∠BCI, we must have
that C is the I dumpty point of △IDB. Now, let X be the foot of the A bisector onto
DA·BD
BD. Note that DI ⩽ max(DA, DX ). But DX = DA +BA < DA, so we must have
DI ⩽ DA = DC.
Next, we will compute the length DC. Extend IC to meet (IBD ) at K. Let ID =
a, IB = b, BD = c, IM = m. Then DC DC CI IK
a = DI = IB = 2b . But

IK sin(∠IBK ) sin(∠IM D ) ID
= = =
IB sin(∠IKB ) sin(∠IDM ) IM
2
So IK = ab ab 1 a
m . So DC = a · m · 2b = 2m .
a4
So since DI 2 ⩽ DC 2 , we must have a2 ⩽ 4m2
, which since

a2 b2 c2
m2 = + −
2 2 4
becomes√(b − c)2 + 2b2 ⩽ a2 + 2b2 ⩽ c2 , which rearranges to 3b2 − 2bc ⩽ 0, or 3b ⩽ 2c,
so BI · 2 < BI · 23 ⩽ BD, as desired.

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Archit Manas, Atul Shatavart Nadig, Sunaina Pati (January 25, 2023) SAGF

§5 P4 Part b
Proof. To show M I ⊥ AE, its equivalent to ∠AF C + ∠(M I, F C ) = 90. But

∠ADC
∠AF C = , ∠(M I, F C ) = ∠(M I, AB ).
2

So it’s enough to show that ∠(M I, AB ) = 90 − ∠ADC

∠GIA = ∠M IN = ∠DIN − ∠M ID = ∠DAI + ∠IDA − ∠CIB = ∠DAI + ∠IDA − ∠CDI

Since this is supposed to be equal to

∠GAI = ∠BAI − ∠BAC = ∠DAI − ∠BAC

it suffices to show that

Define F = BC ∩ (IBK ), Q = DC ∩ (IBK ). Note that by spiral similarity and angles,

∠BAD − ∠DAC + ∠ADB − ∠IKB = ∠IDC.

Define X ′′ = DD ∩ BB wrt (DBK ). Define P as the centre of (IBK ). Note that C is