SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 2

Q. 1. (A) 
(i) (D)

(ii) (B)

(iii) (C)

(iv) (B)

(v) (B)

Q. 1. (B)
(i) Complete the flow chart :
Na Mg  Al  Si  P  S  Cl  Ar
(ii) False
(iii) Neutralisation
(iv) Compound microscope
(v) A bsolute humidity _ kg/m3

Q. 2. (A)
1
(i) The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is about of that on the earth.
6

Hence, with a specific initial velocity, we can jump higher on the moon
u2
than on the earth. This can be seen from the equation h  .
2g

(ii) (1) Vegetable oils (unsaturated compound) contains a multiple bond as

their functional group. They undergo addition reaction to form a
saturated compound as the product.
(2) The addition reaction of vegetable oil with iodine takes place
instantaneously at room temperature. The colour of iodine disappears
in this reaction. This iodine test indicates the presence of a multiple
bond in vegetable oil.

(iii) (1) During a cold night, the temperature of air may fall to the dew point, or
even below the dew point.

(2) If the temperature falls below the dew point, the excess of water vapour
in air condenses on the surfaces of cold bodies and dew is formed.

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Q. 2. (B)

(i) Given : M (Planet)  8M (earth)

R (Planet)  2R (earth)

vesc (on the earth) 

 2GM
R

vesc (on the Planet)  ?

vesc (on the Planet) 

 2G  8M
2R

 e8

2  2GM
R

2  vesc (on the earth)

2  11.2 103 m/s

 vesc (on the Planet)  2  11.2 103 m/s

22.4  103 m/s.

(ii) The process of coating a thin layer of tin ( molten tin ) on copper or brass
is called tinning. Cooking vessels made of copper and brass get a greenish
coating due to corrosion. The greenish substance is copper carbonate and
it is poisonous. If butter milk or curry is placed in such a vessel it gets
spoiled. Therefore, these vessels are coated with tin to prevent corrosion.

(iii) Laws of refraction of light :

(1) The incident ray and the refracted ray are on the opposite sides of the
normal to the surface at the point of incidence and all the three, i.e., the
incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal are in the same plane.

(2) For a given pair of media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence
to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant (Snell’s law). This
constant is called the refractive index of the second medium with
respect to the first medium.

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
(iv)

Mendeleev’s periodic table Modern periodic table

1. In this table, the elements are 1. In this table, the elements in
arranged in the order of their the order of their increasing
increasing atomic weights. atomoic number.

2. In this table, the position of an 2. In this table, the position of
element is based on its an element is based on its
properties and atomic weight. electronic configuration.

3. There are 8 groups in this 3. There are 18 groups in this

table. table.

4. In this table, some elements 4. In this table, the elements
having similar properties are belonging to the same group
found in different groups, show similar chemical
while those having different properties.
properties are sometimes
found in the same group.

5. Isotopes do not find separate 5. Isotopes of an element can be

places in this table. placed at the same place as
their atomic number is the
same.

(Note : Students should write any two points.)

(v) In an electric iron, a coil of high resistance is held between mica sheets
and placed inside a heavy metal block provided with a handle made of an
insulator such as plastic. When an electric current is passed through the
coil, it becomes hot. Mica is a good conductor of heat. Hence, heat produced
in the coil is transferred to the metal block which can then be used for
ironing clothes.

  Mica is a bad conductor of electricity. Hence, there is no electrical

contact between the coil and the metal block. Therefore, the person using
the iron does not get an electric shock even if he or she happens to touch it
by chance.

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Q. 3.
(i) Step 1 : Rewrite the given equation as it is

H2S2O7(l)  H2O(l) ¾® H2SO4(l)

Step 2 : Write the number of atoms of each element in the unbalanced equation
on both sides of equations.
Number of atoms in Number of atoms in
Element
reactant (left side) products (right side)
H 4 2
S 2 1
O 8 4

Step 3 : To equalise the number of hydrogen atoms, sulphur atoms and oxygen
atoms we use 2 as the coefficient or factor in the product.

Number of atoms in Number of atoms in

Element
reactant (left side) products (right side)

H 4 22
S 2 12
O 8 42
Total 14 14

Now the equation becomes H2S2O7  H2O  2 H2SO4

  Now, count the atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. The
number of atoms on both sides are equal. Hence, the balanced equation is
H2S2O7  H2O  2 H2SO4
Now indicate the physical states of the reactants and products.
H2S2O7(l)  H2O(l) ¾®  2H2SO4(l)
(ii) Kepler’s first law :
The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci.

The orbit of a planet moving around the Sun (Schematic diagram)

Figure shows the elliptical orbit of a planet revolving around the Sun (S).

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
 Kepler’s second law :

 The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals
of time.

A ® B, C ® D and E ® F are the displacements of the planet in equal intervals

of time.
The straight lines AS, CS and ES sweep equal areas in equal intervals of time.
Area ASB  area CSD  area ESF.
Kepler’s third law :
The square of the period of revolution of a planet around the Sun is directly
proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the planet from the Sun.
 Thus, if r is the average distance of the planet from the Sun and T is its period
of revolution, then,
T2
T2  r3, i.e., 3  constant  K.
r

(iii) (a) The atomic number of this element is 12.

(b) The valency of this element is 2.

(c) This element resembles Be (4).

(iv) The process in which a metal is destroyed gradually by the action of air,
moisture or a chemical ( like an acid ) on its surface is called corrosion.
OR
Corrosion is degradation of a material due to reaction with its environment.
  The major problem of corrosion occurs with iron, as it is used as a structural
material in construction, bridges, ship building.
  Gold is a noble metal as it does not react with moisture, O2 and CO2 from air
also acids and alkalis, therefore gold ornaments do not corrode.

(v) 
Navigational To fix the location in terms of
IRNSS
Satellite precise latitude and longitude

Weather study
INSAT Weather Satellite
and predict

Earth
IRS observation Observation of the earth
satellite

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 (vi) (1) The rusting of iron can be prevented by painting, oiling, greasing or
varnishing its surface.
(2) Galvanisation is another method of protecting iron from rusting by coating
iron with a thin layer of zinc.
(3) Corrosion of iron is prevented by coating iron with noncorrosive substance
like carbon. This process is termed as alloying.

(vii) 
(a) In compound microscope we find the lenses arrangement as shown in the
given figure.
(b) Working :
(1) The object to be observed is illuminated and placed in front of the
objective lens, slightly beyond the focal length of the objective lens. Its
real, inverted and enlarged image is formed by the objective lens on the
other side.
(2) This intermediate image lies within the focal length of the eyepiece. It
serves as an object for the eyepiece. The eyepiece works as a simple
microscope. The final image is virtual, highly enlarged and inverted
with respect to the original object. It can be formed at the minimum
distance of distinct vision from the eyepiece. The final image is observed
by keeping the eye close to the eyepiece.

(c) Uses of a compound microscope :

(1) It is used to observe blood corpuscles, plant and animals cells,
microorganisms like bacteria, etc.
(2) It is used in a pathological laboratory to observe blood, urine, etc.
(3) It is a part of a travelling microscope used for measurement of very
small distance.
(viii)

(a) This certain value of i is called the critical angle and at that time the value
of r is 90°.
(b) The process of returning of light in the denser medium is known as total
internal reflection.
As light goes from a denser to rarer medium, if the value of the angle of
incidence increases, then the value of the angle of refraction also increases.
But after a specific angle of incidence called the critical angle, the light gets
reflected back into the denser medium.

6 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
Q. 4.
(i) (a) By Fleming’s left hand rule we can determine the direction of the force
exerted on the current-carrying conductor.
(b) This principle is used in an Electric motor.
(c)

Electric Motor
(d) Working :
(1) When the circuit is completed with a plug key or switch, the current
flows in the direction E  A  B  C  D  F. As the magnetic
field is directed from the north pole to the south pole, the force on AB
is downward and that on CD is upward by Fleming’s left hand rule.
Hence, AB moves downward and CD upward. These forces are equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction. Therefore, as observed from the
side AD, the loop ABCD and the axle start rotating in anticlockwise
direction.
(2) After half a rotation, X and Y come in contact with brushes F and E
respectively and the current flows in the direction FDCBAE. Hence the
force on CD is downward and that on AB is upward. Therefore, the loop
and the axle continue to rotate in the anticlockwise direction.
(3) After every half rotation, the current in the loop is reversed and the loop
and the axle continue to rotate in anticlockwise direction.
When the current is switched off, the loop stops rotating after some time.

(ii) ( a) The combustible gas coming out of the gas delivery tube is hydrogen.
(b) Sodium reacts with ethanol less vigorously. The sodium pieces appear to
dance on the surface of ethanol because the bubbles of hydrogen gas formed
stick to the surface of the metal.
(c) The bubbles of hydrogen gas do not form from magnesium ribbon.
(d) There is no release of gas bubbles from the piece of magnesium ribbon.
(e) Magnesium metal does not react with ethanol.

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