7-5 Properties of Logarithms ANSWER:

about −0.2075

Use log4 3 ≈ 0.7925 and log4 5 ≈ 1.1610 to 5. MOUNTAIN CLIMBING As elevation increases,
approximate the value of each expression. the atmospheric air pressure decreases. The formula
for pressure based on elevation is a = 15,500(5 −
1. log4 18
log10 P), where a is the altitude in meters and P is
SOLUTION: the pressure in pascals (1 psi ≈ 6900 pascals). What
is the air pressure at the summit in pascals for each
mountain listed in the table at the right?

ANSWER:
about 2.085

2. log4 15
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Substitute 8850 for a, then evaluate P.

ANSWER:
about 1.9535

3.

SOLUTION:
The air pressure at the summit of Mt. Everest is
about 26,855.44 pascals.
Substitute 7074 for a, then evaluate P.

ANSWER:
about 0.3685

4.

SOLUTION:

The air pressure at the summit of Mt. Trisuli is about

34963.34 pascals.
ANSWER: Substitute 6872 for a, then evaluate P.
about −0.2075

5. MOUNTAIN CLIMBING As elevation increases,

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1
the atmospheric air pressure decreases. The formula
for pressure based on elevation is a = 15,500(5 −
log P), where a is the altitude in meters and P is
 ANSWER:
Mt. Everest: 26,855.44 pascals; Mt. Trisuli: 34,963.34
The air pressure at the summit of Mt. Trisuli is about pascals; Mt. Bonete: 36,028.42 pascals; Mt.
34963.34 pascals.
7-5 Properties of Logarithms McKinley: 39,846.22 pascals; Mt. Logan: 41,261.82
Substitute 6872 for a, then evaluate P. pascals

Given log3 5 ≈ 1.465 and log5 7 ≈ 1.2091,

approximate the value of each expression.
6. log3 25

SOLUTION:

The air pressure at the summit of Mt. Bonete is ANSWER:

about 36028.42 pascals. 2.93
Substitute 6194 for a, then evaluate P.
7. log5 49

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
2.4182

The air pressure at the summit of Mt. McKinley is Solve each equation. Check your solutions.
about 39846.22 pascals. 8. log4 48 − log4 n = log4 6
Substitute 5959 for a, then evaluate P.
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
8

The air pressure at the summit of Mt. Logan is 9. log3 2x + log3 7 = log3 28
41261.82 pascals.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
Mt. Everest: 26,855.44 pascals; Mt. Trisuli: 34,963.34
pascals; Mt. Bonete: 36,028.42 pascals; Mt.
McKinley: 39,846.22 pascals; Mt. Logan: 41,261.82
pascals

Given
eSolutions log- Powered
Manual
3
5 ≈ 1.465 and log
by Cognero
5
7 ≈ 1.2091, Page 2
ANSWER:
approximate the value of each expression.
2
6. log3 25
 The logarithm is not defined for negative values.
Therefore, the solution is 13.4403.
ANSWER:
7-5 Properties of Logarithms ANSWER:
8
13.4403

9. log3 2x + log3 7 = log3 28 Use log4 2 = 0.5, log4 3 ≈ 0.7925 and log45 =
1.1610 to approximate the value of each
SOLUTION: expression.
12. log4 30

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
2

10. 3 log2 x = log2 8 ANSWER:

2.4535
SOLUTION:
13. log4 20

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
2
ANSWER:
11. log10 a + log10 (a − 6) = 2 2.1610
SOLUTION:
14.

SOLUTION:

By quadratic formula: ANSWER:

−0.2925

15.

SOLUTION:
The logarithm is not defined for negative values.
Therefore, the solution is 13.4403.

ANSWER:
13.4403

Use log4 2 = 0.5, log4 3 ≈ 0.7925 and log45 =

ANSWER:
1.1610 to approximate the value of each
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
expression. 0.2075 Page 3

12. log4 30
16. log4 9
 than the 2007 earthquake?
b. Richter himself classified the 1906 earthquake as
having a magnitude of 8.3. More recent research
ANSWER:of Logarithms
7-5 Properties indicates it was most likely a 7.9. What is the
−0.2925 difference in intensities?

15.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER: SOLUTION:
0.2075 a. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on a
logarithmic scale called the Richter scale. The
16. log4 9 magnitude M is given by M = log10 x, where x
represents the amplitude of the seismic wave causing
SOLUTION: ground motion.
Substitute 8.3 and 5.6 for M , then evaluate the
corresponding values of x.

ANSWER:
1.5850

17. log4 8

SOLUTION:

The ratio between the magnitudes is .

2.7
ANSWER: The 1906 earthquake was 10 or about 500 times
1.5 as intense as the 2007 earthquake.
b. Substitute 8.3 and 7.9 for M then evaluate the
18. SCIENCE In 2007, an earthquake near San corresponding values of x.
Francisco registered approximately 5.6 on the
Richter scale. The famous San Francisco earthquake
of 1906 measured 8.3 in magnitude.
a. How much more intense was the 1906 earthquake
than the 2007 earthquake?
b. Richter himself classified the 1906 earthquake as
having a magnitude of 8.3. More recent research
indicates it was most likely a 7.9. What is the
difference in intensities?
The ratio between the magnitudes is .

0.4
Richter thought the earthquake was 10 or about
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4
times more intense than it actually was.
7-5 Properties of Logarithms
The ratio between the magnitudes is . ANSWER:
about 2.2584
0.4 21. log6 512
Richter thought the earthquake was 10 or about
times more intense than it actually was. SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
a. 102.7 or about 500 times as great.
0.4
b. Richter thought the earthquake was 10 or about
times greater than it actually was.
ANSWER:
Given log6 8 ≈ 1.1606 and log7 9 ≈ 1.1292, about 3.4818
approximate the value of each expression. 22. log7 729
19. log6 48
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER: ANSWER:
about 2.1606 about 3.3876

CCSS PERSEVERANCE Solve each equation.

20. log7 81 Check your solutions.
23. log3 56 − log3 n = log3 7
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
about 2.2584
ANSWER:
21. log6 512 8

SOLUTION:
24. log2 (4x) + log2 5 = log2 40

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
about 3.4818 ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5
2
22. log7 729
25. 5 log2 x = log2 32
 4

ANSWER: 27. PROBABILITY In the 1930s, Dr. Frank Benford

7-5 Properties of Logarithms demonstrated a way to determine whether a set of
8 numbers has been randomly chosen or manually
chosen. If the sets of numbers were not randomly
24. log2 (4x) + log2 5 = log2 40
chosen, then the Benford formula, ,
SOLUTION:
predicts the probability of a digit d being the first digit
of the set. For example, there is a 4.6% probability
that the first digit is 9.
a. Rewrite the formula to solve for the digit if given
the probability.
b. Find the digit that has a 9.7% probability of being
selected.
ANSWER: c. Find the probability that the first digit is 1 (log10 2
2
≈ 0.30103).
25. 5 log2 x = log2 32 SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: a. Rewrite the function d in terms of P.

ANSWER:
2

26. log10 a + log10 (a + 21) = 2

b. Substitute 0.097 for P and evaluate.
SOLUTION:

c. Substitute 1 for d in the formula

and evaluate.

By the Zero Product Property:

The logarithm is not defined for negative values.

Therefore, the solution is 4. ANSWER:
ANSWER: a.
4
b. 4
27. PROBABILITY In the 1930s, Dr. Frank Benford c. 30.1%
demonstrated a way to determine whether a set of
numbers has been randomly chosen or manually Use log5 3 ≈ 0.6826 and log5 4 ≈ 0.8614 to
chosen. If the sets of numbers were not randomly approximate the value of each expression.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero 28. log5 40 Page 6
chosen, then the Benford formula, ,
predicts the probability of a digit d being the first digit SOLUTION:
 ANSWER:

a.
b. 4
7-5 Properties of Logarithms ANSWER:
c. 30.1% about −0.1788

Use log5 3 ≈ 0.6826 and log5 4 ≈ 0.8614 to

31.
approximate the value of each expression.
28. log5 40 SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
about 0.1788

32. log5 9
ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
about 2.2921

29. log5 30

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
about 1.3652

33. log5 16

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
about 2.1133

30.
ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
about 1.7228

34. log5 12

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
about −0.1788

31.
ANSWER:
SOLUTION: about 1.5440

35. log5 27

SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 7
ANSWER:
about 0.1788
 ANSWER:of Logarithms
7-5 Properties ANSWER:
about 1.5440 3

35. log5 27 38. log10 18 − log10 3x = log10 2

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
about 2.0478

Solve each equation. Check your solutions.

36. log3 6 + log3 x = log3 12

SOLUTION: ANSWER:
3

39. log7 100 − log7 (y + 5) = log7 10

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
2

37. log4 a + log4 8 = log4 24

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
5

40.

ANSWER: SOLUTION:
3

38. log10 18 − log10 3x = log10 2

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
108

41.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8

SOLUTION:
 ANSWER:

ANSWER:of Logarithms
7-5 Properties
108

43. 2 logb 16 + 6 logb n = logb (x − 2)

41.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:

Solve for n.
42. loga 6n − 3 loga x = loga x
Solve each equation. Check your solutions.
SOLUTION: 44. log10 z + log10 (z + 9) = 1

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
1

2
43. 2 logb 16 + 6 logb n = logb (x − 2) 45. log3 (a + 3) + log3 3 = 3

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero ANSWER: Page 9

ANSWER:
 The expression is a prime.
Therefore, the equation doesn’t have a solution.
ANSWER:
7-5 Properties of Logarithms ANSWER:
1
no real solution
2 47. log4 (2y + 2) − log4 (y − 2) = 1
45. log3 (a + 3) + log3 3 = 3

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
ANSWER:
5

48. log6 0.1 + 2 log6 x = log6 2 + log6 5

2
46. log2 (15b − 15) – log2 (−b + 1) = 1
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Logarithms are not defined for negative values.

Therefore, the solution is 10.s

ANSWER:
The expression is a prime. 10
Therefore, the equation doesn’t have a solution.

ANSWER: 49.
no real solution
SOLUTION:
47. log4 (2y + 2) − log4 (y − 2) = 1

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
12
ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 10
5 50. CCSS REASONING The humpback whale is an
endangered species. Suppose there are 5000
 Logarithms are not defined for negative values.
Therefore, the solution is 10.s

ANSWER:of Logarithms
7-5 Properties ANSWER:
10 12

50. CCSS REASONING The humpback whale is an

49. endangered species. Suppose there are 5000
humpback whales in existence today, and the
SOLUTION: population decreases at a rate of 4% per year.
a. Write a logarithmic function for the time in years
based upon population.
b. After how long will the population drop below
1000? Round your answer to the nearest year.
SOLUTION:
a. It’s more natural to write an exponential function
of population as a function of time. That would be:

Rewrite this as a log function.

ANSWER:
12

50. CCSS REASONING The humpback whale is an

endangered species. Suppose there are 5000 b. Substitute 1000 for p .
humpback whales in existence today, and the
population decreases at a rate of 4% per year.
a. Write a logarithmic function for the time in years
based upon population.
b. After how long will the population drop below
1000? Round your answer to the nearest year.
It will take about 39 years for the population to drop
SOLUTION: below 1000.
a. It’s more natural to write an exponential function
ANSWER:
of population as a function of time. That would be:
a.

Rewrite this as a log function. b. 40 yr

State whether each equation is true or false .

51. log8 (x − 3) = log8 x − log8 3

SOLUTION:
b. Substitute 1000 for p .

Therefore, the equation is false.

ANSWER:
false
It will take about 39 years for the population to drop
below 1000. 52. log5 22x = log5 22 + log5 x
ANSWER: SOLUTION:
a.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 11
b. 40 yr Therefore, the equation is true.

State whether each equation is true or false . ANSWER:

 Therefore, the equation is false.
Therefore, the equation is true.
ANSWER:
7-5 Properties of Logarithms ANSWER:
false
true

52. log5 22x = log5 22 + log5 x 56. log4 (z + 2) = log4 z + log4 2

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Therefore, the equation is true. Therefore, the equation is false.

ANSWER: ANSWER:
true false
53. log10 19k = 19 log10 k 4
57. log8 p = (log8 p )
4

SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

Therefore, the equation is false.

Therefore, the equation is false.
ANSWER:
false ANSWER:
false
5
54. log2 y = 5 log2 y
58.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Therefore, the equation is true.

ANSWER:
true
Therefore, the equation is true.
55. ANSWER:
true
SOLUTION:
59. PARADE An equation for loudness L, in decibels, is
L = 10 log10 R, where R is the relative intensity of the
sound.
Therefore, the equation is true. a. Solve 120 = 10 log10 R to find the relative intensity
of the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade with a
ANSWER:
loudness of 120 decibels depending on how close you
true are.
b. Some parents with young children want the
56. log4 (z + 2) = log4 z + log4 2
decibel level lowered to 80. How many times less
SOLUTION: intense would this be? In other words, find the ratio
of their intensities.
SOLUTION:
Therefore, the equation is false. a. Solve for R.

ANSWER:
false
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 12
4 4
57. log8 p = (log8 p )
b. Substitute 80 for L and solve for R.
 pay off a credit card balance b in a given number of
Therefore, the equation is true. years t, where r is the annual percentage rate and n
is the number of payments per year.
ANSWER:of Logarithms
7-5 Properties a. What monthly payment should be made in order to
true pay off the debt in exactly three years? What is the
total amount paid?
59. PARADE An equation for loudness L, in decibels, is
L = 10 log10 R, where R is the relative intensity of the
b. The equation can be used to
sound.
a. Solve 120 = 10 log10 R to find the relative intensity
of the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade with a calculate the number of years necessary for a given
loudness of 120 decibels depending on how close you payment schedule. Copy and complete the table.
are. c. Graph the information in the table from part b.
b. Some parents with young children want the d. If you could only afford to pay $100 a month, will
decibel level lowered to 80. How many times less you be able to pay off the debt? If so, how long will it
intense would this be? In other words, find the ratio take? If not, why not?
of their intensities. e . What is the minimum monthly payment that will
work toward paying off the debt?
SOLUTION:
a. Solve for R. SOLUTION:
a. Substitute 8600, 0.183, 3 and 12 for b, r, t and n
respectively then evaluate.

b. Substitute 80 for L and solve for R.

The monthly payment should be $312.21.

The ratio of their intensities is . The total amount paid is $11,239.56.

4 b. Substitute 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 for m

Therefore, the ratio is 10 or about 10,000 times.
then solve for t.
ANSWER:
12
a. 10
b. 104 or about 10,000 times

60. FINANCIAL LITERACY The average American

carries a credit card debt of approximately $8600
with an annual percentage rate (APR) of 18.3%.

The formula can be used to

c. Graph the information in the table from part b.
compute the monthly payment m that is necessary to
pay off a credit card balance b in a given number of
years t, where r is the annual percentage rate and n
is the number of payments per year.
a. What monthly payment should be made in order to
pay off the debt in exactly three years? What is the
total amount paid?

b. The equation can be used to

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 13

calculate the number of years necessary for a given

7-5 Properties of Logarithms
c. Graph the information in the table from part b.
c.

d. No; the monthly interest is $131.15, so the

payments do not even cover the interest.
d. Logarithm is not defined for negative values.
e . $131.16

So, 61. OPEN ENDED Write a logarithmic expression for

each condition. Then write the expanded expression.
a. a product and a quotient
b. a product and a power
c. a product, a quotient, and a power
SOLUTION:

a. Sample answer:
4 6
No. The monthly interest is $131.15, so the payments b. Sample answer: logb m p = 4 logb m + 6 logb p
do not even cover the interest. c. Sample answer:

e . Since m >131.15, the minimum monthly payment

should be $131.16.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
a. $312.21; $11,239.56 a. Sample answer:
b. 4 6
b. Sample answer: logb m p = 4 logb m + 6 logb p
c. Sample answer:

62. CCSS ARGUMENTS Use the properties of

exponents to prove the Power Property of
Logarithms.
c. SOLUTION:

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 14

ANSWER:
 4 6 0
b. Sample answer: logb m p = 4 logb m + 6 logb p a. logb 1 = 0, because b = 1.
c. Sample answer: 1
b. logb b = 1, because b = b.
7-5 Properties of Logarithms x x x
c. logb b = x, because b = b .

62. CCSS ARGUMENTS Use the properties of 64. CHALLENGE Simplify to find an exact
exponents to prove the Power Property of
numerical value.
Logarithms.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

ANSWER:

63. WRITING IN MATH Explain why the following

are true.
a. logb 1 = 0
b. logb b = 1
x 65. WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG? Find the
c. logb b = x
expression that does not belong. Explain.
SOLUTION:
0
a. logb 1 = 0, because b = 1.
1
b. logb b = 1, because b = b.
x x x
c. logb b = x, because b = b .

ANSWER:
0
a. logb 1 = 0, because b = 1.
1
b. logb b = 1, because b = b.
x x x SOLUTION:
c. logb b = x, because b = b .
logb 24 ≠ logb 20 + logb 4
64. CHALLENGE Simplify to find an exact All other choices are equal to logb 24.
numerical value.
ANSWER:
SOLUTION:
logb 24 ≠ logb 20 + logb 4; all other choices are equal
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero to logb 24. Page 15

66. REASONING Use the properties of logarithms to

7-5 Properties of Logarithms

65. WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG? Find the 67. Simplify to find an exact numerical value.
expression that does not belong. Explain.
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

SOLUTION:
logb 24 ≠ logb 20 + logb 4
All other choices are equal to logb 24.

ANSWER:
logb 24 ≠ logb 20 + logb 4; all other choices are equal
68. WRITING IN MATH Explain how the properties
to logb 24.
of exponents and logarithms are related. Include
examples like the one shown at the beginning of the
66. REASONING Use the properties of logarithms to lesson illustrating the Product Property, but with the
prove that Quotient Property and Power Property of
Logarithms.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Since logarithms are exponents, the properties of
logarithms are similar to the properties of exponents.
The Product Property states that to multiply two
powers that have the same base, add the exponents.
Similarly, the logarithm of a product is the sum of the
logarithms of its factors.
ANSWER: The Quotient Property states that to divide two
powers that have the same base, subtract their
exponents. Similarly the logarithm of a quotient is the
difference of the logarithms of the numerator and the
denominator.
The Power Property states that to find the power of
a power, multiply the exponents. Similarly, the
logarithm of a power is the product of the logarithm
67. Simplify to find an exact numerical value.
and the exponent. Answers should include the
SOLUTION: following.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 16

ANSWER:
 a power, multiply the exponents. Similarly, the states that to divide two powers that have the same
logarithm of a power is the product of the logarithm base, subtract their exponents. Similarly the logarithm
and the exponent. Answers should include the of a quotient is the difference of the logarithms of the
following. numerator and the denominator. The Power Property
7-5 Properties of Logarithms
states that to find the power of a power, multiply the
• exponents. Similarly, the logarithm of a power is the
product of the logarithm and the exponent. Answers
should include the following.

5 3
log2 32 − log2 8 = log2 2 − log2 2 Replace 32 with
So, 5 3
2 and 8 with 2 .
= 5 − 3 or 2 Inverse Property of
4 2 4 Exponents and Logarithms
Power Property: log3 9 = log3 (3 ) Replace 9 with
2
3.
(2 · 4) So,
= log3 3 Power of a
Power
= 2 · 4 or 8 Inverse 4 2 4
Power Property: log3 9 = log3 (3 ) Replace 9 with
Property of Exponents and Logarithms 2
3.
(2 · 4)
4 log3 9 = (log3 9) · 4 Commutative Property ( ) = log3 3 Power of a
2 2 Power
= (log3 3 ) · 4 Replace 9 with 3 .
= 2 · 4 or 8 Inverse Property
= 2 · 4 or 8 Inverse Property of Exponents of Exponents and Logarithms
and Logarithms

4
4 log3 9 = (log3 9) · 4 Commutative Property ( )
So, log3 9 = 4 log3 9. 2 2
= (log3 3 ) · 4 Replace 9 with 3 .
• The Product of Powers Property and Product = 2 · 4 or 8 Inverse Property of Exponents
Property of Logarithms both involve the addition of and Logarithms
exponents, since logarithms are exponents.
4
So, log3 9 = 4 log3 9.
ANSWER:
Since logarithms are exponents, the properties of
logarithms are similar to the properties of exponents. The Product of Powers Property and Product
The Product Property states that to multiply two Property of Logarithms both involve the addition of
powers that have the same base, add the exponents. exponents, since logarithms are exponents.
Similarly, the logarithm of a product is the sum of the
69. Find the mode of the data. 22, 11, 12, 23, 7, 6, 17, 15,
logarithms of its factors. The Quotient Property
21, 19
states that to divide two powers that have the same
A 11
base, subtract their exponents. Similarly the logarithm
of a quotient is the difference of the logarithms of the B 15
numerator and the denominator. The Power Property C 16
states that to find the power of a power, multiply the D There is no mode.
exponents. Similarly, the logarithm of a power is the
SOLUTION:
product
eSolutions of -the
Manual logarithm
Powered and the exponent. Answers
by Cognero
should include the following. None of the data are repeated more than once.Page 17
Therefore, option D is correct.
 So, log3 9 = 4 log3 9.
the value of the exponent is always positive.
Therefore, it is growing exponentially.
The Product of Powers Property and Product
Property of of
7-5 Properties Logarithms both involve the addition of
Logarithms ANSWER:
exponents, since logarithms are exponents. growing exponentially

69. Find the mode of the data. 22, 11, 12, 23, 7, 6, 17, 15, 2
72. What are the x-intercepts of the graph of y = 4x −
21, 19 3x − 1?
A 11
B 15 A.
C 16
D There is no mode. B.

SOLUTION: C. −1 and 1
None of the data are repeated more than once. D.
Therefore, option D is correct.

ANSWER: SOLUTION:
D Substitute 0 for y and solve for x.

70. SAT/ACT What is the effect on the graph of y =

2 2
4x when the equation is changed to y = 2x ?
F The graph is rotated 90 degrees about the origin.
G The graph is narrower.
H The graph is wider.
2
J The graph of y = 2x is a reflection of the graph y
2
= 4x across the x-axis. By the Zero Product Property:
K The graph is unchanged.
SOLUTION:
The graph is wider.
Option H is the correct answer.

ANSWER: Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

H ANSWER:
x D
71. SHORT RESPONSE In y = 6.5(1.07) , x
represents the number of years since 2000, and y Solve each equation. Check your solutions.
represents the approximate number of millions of 2
73. log5 (3x − 1) = log5 (2x )
Americans 7 years of age and older who went
camping two or more times that year. Describe how SOLUTION:
the number of millions of Americans who go camping
is changing over time.
SOLUTION:
Since x represents the number of years since 2000,
the value of the exponent is always positive.
Therefore, it is growing exponentially.

ANSWER:
growing exponentially
2 By the Zero Product Property:
72. What are the x-intercepts of the graph of y = 4x −
3x − 1?
A.

B.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 18
C. −1 and 1
Therefore, the solutions are 1 and .
D.
 Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Therefore, the solutions are .

ANSWER:of Logarithms
7-5 Properties ANSWER:
D ±3

Solve each equation. Check your solutions. 2

75. log10 (x − 10x) = log10 (−21)
2
73. log5 (3x − 1) = log5 (2x )
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: is not defined.
Therefore, there is no solution.

ANSWER:
no solution

Evaluate each expression.

76. log10 0.001

SOLUTION:

By the Zero Product Property:

ANSWER:
−3
Therefore, the solutions are 1 and .
x
77. log4 16
ANSWER:
SOLUTION:

2
74. log10 (x + 1) = 1

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
2x
x
78. log3 27
Therefore, the solutions are .
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
±3
2
75. log10 (x − 10x) = log10 (−21)

SOLUTION:
is not defined.
Therefore, there is no solution. ANSWER:
ANSWER: 3x
no solution
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero 79. ELECTRICITY The amount of current in amperes Page 19
Evaluate each expression. I that an appliance uses can be calculated using the
76. log10 0.001
 functions.

ANSWER:
ANSWER:of Logarithms
7-5 Properties
Yes
3x

79. ELECTRICITY The amount of current in amperes

I that an appliance uses can be calculated using the 81.

formula , where P is the power in watts

SOLUTION:
and R is the resistance in ohms. How much current
does an appliance use if P = 120 watts and R = 3
ohms? Round to the nearest tenth.
SOLUTION:
Substitute 120 and 3 for P and R and evaluate.

ANSWER:
6.3 amps

Determine whether each pair of functions are

inverse functions. Write yes or no.
80. f (x) = x + 73
g(x) = x − 73
Since , they are not inverse
SOLUTION:
functions.

ANSWER:
No

82. SCULPTING Antonio is preparing to make an ice

sculpture. He has a block of ice that he wants to
reduce in size by shaving off the same amount from
the length, width, and height. He wants to reduce the
volume of the ice block to 24 cubic feet.

Since , they are inverse

functions.

ANSWER:
Yes
a. Write a polynomial equation to model this situation.
b. How much should he take from each dimension?
81. SOLUTION:
a. The dimensions of the ice block is 3 ft, 4 ft and 5
ft.
SOLUTION:
Let x be the shaving off the amount of ice in a side.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero The equation representing this situation is: Page 20
 Since , they are not inverse He should take 1 ft from each dimension.
functions.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:of Logarithms
7-5 Properties a. (3 − x)(4 − x)(5 − x) = 24
No b. 1ft

82. SCULPTING Antonio is preparing to make an ice Solve each equation or inequality. Check your
sculpture. He has a block of ice that he wants to solution.
reduce in size by shaving off the same amount from 4x 3−x
83. 3 = 3
the length, width, and height. He wants to reduce the
volume of the ice block to 24 cubic feet. SOLUTION:

The solution is .
a. Write a polynomial equation to model this situation.
ANSWER:
b. How much should he take from each dimension?
SOLUTION:
a. The dimensions of the ice block is 3 ft, 4 ft and 5
ft.
Let x be the shaving off the amount of ice in a side. 84.
The equation representing this situation is:
SOLUTION:

b. Solve the above equation.

The solution region is n ≤ –1.

ANSWER:

By the Zero Product Property:

5x 1−x x−3
85. 3 · 81 =9
SOLUTION:

The expression is a prime.

So, x = 1.
He should take 1 ft from each dimension.

ANSWER:
a. (3 − x)(4 − x)(5 − x) = 24
b. 1ft

Solve each equation or inequality. Check your The solution is 10.

solution.
4x 3−x ANSWER:
83. 3 =Manual
eSolutions 3 - Powered by Cognero Page 21
10
SOLUTION:
 The solution region is n ≤ –1. Therefore, the solutions are –3 and 5.

ANSWER:of Logarithms
7-5 Properties ANSWER:
−3, 5
5x 1−x x−3 87. log2 (x + 6) > 5
85. 3 · 81 =9
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:

The solution region is x > 26.

ANSWER:
The solution is 10.

ANSWER: 88. log5 (4x − 1) = log5 (3x + 2)

10
SOLUTION:
86.
SOLUTION:

The solution is 3.

ANSWER:
3

By the Zero Product Property:

Therefore, the solutions are –3 and 5.

ANSWER:
−3, 5

87. log2 (x + 6) > 5

SOLUTION:

The solution region is x > 26.

ANSWER:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 22