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5 Angles and
constructions
5.1 Parallel lines
Exercise 5.1 Key words
Focus alternate angles
corresponding
1 Explain why vertically opposite angles are equal. angles
2 a Look at this diagram. vertically
State why x and y are equal. opposite angles
Copy the diagram. x°
y°
b Mark all the angles that are
corresponding to x.
c Mark, in a different way, all
the angles that are alternate to y.
3 Find the values of a, b, c and d.
75° a°
c°
d°
b°
Give a reason for each angle.
a°
Practice b° k°
c° 68°
4 Look at the diagram. d°
j°
i°
a Which angles are 68° because they are e°
f ° h°
corresponding angles? g°
b Which angles are 68° because they are alternate angles?
62
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
5.1 Parallel lines
5 a Complete these sentences. A
i Two alternate angles are ABG
and . D B H
E
ii Another two alternate angles are G C
CBE and .
iii Two corresponding angles F
are GEF and .
b Read what Sofia says:
HBC and DEG are
alternate angles.
Is Sofia correct?
Explain your answer.
6 Explain why only two of the lines l,
m and n are parallel. 100° 80° l
95° 85° m
n
100° 80°
7 Calculate the values of x and y.
Give reasons for your answers. x°
y°
118° 74°
8 Give a reason why t must be 120°.
t°
120°
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Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
5 Angles and constructions
9 Are lines l1 and l2 parallel?
Give a reason for your answer.
50°
75° l1
125°
l2
Challenge
10 Explain why the sum of a and b must be 180°.
a°
b°
11 Use this diagram to show that the angle sum of triangle
XYZ is 180°.
Y
X
W
Z
V
P A
12 Look at the diagram.
Copy and complete the explanation that the angle
sum of triangle ABC is 180°.
Write the reason for each line. C
Q B
1) Angle A of the triangle = angle PCA
2) Angle B of the triangle = angle QCB
3) Angle PCA + angle C of the triangle + angle
QCB = 180°
Hence angle A + angle B + angle C = 180°
64
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
5.2 The exterior angle of a triangle
13 A, B, C and D are the four angles of a parallelogram.
A
B
D
Tip
C
a Show that angle A = angle C. Use alternate
angles.
b Show that angle B = angle D.
5.2 The exterior angle of a triangle
Exercise 5.2 Key word
Focus exterior angle of
a triangle
1 How big is each exterior angle of an equilateral triangle?
2 One of the exterior angles of an isosceles triangle is 30°.
How big are the other two exterior angles?
3 Find the values of x and y.
65°
100°
140°
x
y
4 Work out angles a and b.
40° 40°
b
a
150°
Practice
5 Show that the interior angles of this shape add up to 360°.
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Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior
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5 Angles and constructions
6 Use exterior angles to show that the angle sum of quadrilateral
PQRS is 360°.
P
c° Q
d°
g°
b°
a° f°
e° h°
S
R A C
7 ABCD is a four-sided shape but two of the sides cross. 120°
a Explain why the sum of the angles at A, B, C and
D must be less than 360°.
b Find the sum of the angles at A, B, C and D. D
Give a reason for your answer.
B
Challenge
8 Explain why x + y + z = 360°. x° y°
z°
9 Calculate the values of a, b and c.
15°
Give a reason for each answer. 15°
40°
110° a° b° c°
10 a Work out angle a.
155° a
b Show that x + y = 270°
x y
66
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We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
5.3 Constructions
11 a The exterior angles of a triangle are 105°, 115° and 140°.
Calculate the three interior angles of the triangle.
b Zara draws a different triangle.
Look at what Zara says:
I have drawn a
triangle. The exterior
angles are 100°,
120°and 130°.
Show that this is impossible.
5.3 Constructions
Exercise 5.3 Key words
Focus 6.5 cm bisector
hypotenuse
1 a Construct this triangle.
60°
b Measure the length of the third side. 8 cm
12 cm
45° 35°
2 a Construct this triangle.
b Measure the shortest side.
C
3 a Construct triangle ABC.
b Measure angle B.
c Measure BC. 8.3 cm
57°
A 10.5 cm B
Practice
4 a Draw a triangle where two angles are 85° and 50° and the side
between them is 9.2 cm.
b Measure the longest side of the triangle.
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Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior
We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
5 Angles and constructions
5 a Draw a triangle with side lengths 10.5 cm, 7.5 cm and 6.5 cm.
b Measure the largest angle of the triangle.
6 a The two shorter sides of a right-angled triangle are 9 cm
and 6 cm.
B
i Draw the triangle. ii Measure the hypotenuse.
b The hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is 9 cm and another
side is 6 cm.
i Draw the triangle. ii Measure the third side.
7 a Make an accurate copy of this shape. A 48° 13 cm 56° C
63°
b The length BD should be 19.0 cm. Use this fact to check
the accuracy of your drawing.
8 a Draw a triangle with side lengths 8.4 cm, 10.5 cm and 6.3 cm. 12 cm
b This should be a right-angled triangle. Use this fact to
check the accuracy of your drawing.
D
Challenge
9 a Draw triangle ABC. 8.4 cm
A B
b Use compasses to draw the 70°
perpendicular bisector of BC.
Show your construction lines on 5.7 cm
your drawing.
c Check the accuracy of your drawing
C
with a protractor and a ruler.
Y
10 Use compasses and a ruler for this question.
Leave your construction lines on your drawing.
a Make an accurate drawing of triangle XYZ. 8.5 cm 9.5 cm
b Draw the bisector of angle X.
c The bisector at angle X meets YZ at W.
Mark W on your drawing and measure YW. X 10 cm Z
A
11 Show all your construction lines in this question.
a Make an accurate drawing of triangle ABC.
b Draw the bisector of angle A.
c The bisector of angle A meets BC at D. Measure BD. 10 cm
d Draw another copy of triangle ABC.
e The perpendicular bisector of AB meets BC at E.
Find the length of BE. B 14 cm C
68
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