Module 1:
Introduction to STEAM
circuits and Internet
of things
CLASS RULES
Listen Raise hand
REVIEW
What is referred to as a low-power
controller that delivers high
performance from the Microchip and
known as the heart of your board?
ATmega microcontroller
Its function is to resets the
ATmega microcontroller.
Reset button
What is referred to the pins that can be
used for commands such as digital
Write(), digital Read(), and analog Write?
Digital Pins
It is used to power your Arduino when it
is not plugged into a USB port for power.
Power Connector
Lesson 2 :
Fundamentals of
Prototyping
Lesson 2 :
Fundamentals of
Prototyping
Objectives
1 2 3 4
Differentiate Explain the Calculate
Define insulator
concept of current,
from voltage, and
energy conductor Ohm’s law resistance using
Ohm’s Law
formula
Introduction
Understanding the concept of Ohm’s Law, together with
the keywords associated with this law, is relevant to
the fundamentals of prototyping. In this lesson, you will
learn about ampere, energy, voltage, watts, and the like
which will help you to compute and solve problems using
Ohm’s Law
What makes
everything work?
Energy
Energy is the capacity
to do work.
Energy
thermal Potential energy Chemical
radiant Kinetic energy Electrical
The Law of Conservation of energy is that energy can be
transformed from one form to another, but can be neither
created or destroyed.
Electrical Energy
• Electrical energy is
the energy derived
from electric
potential energy or
kinetic energy.
Matter
Atoms
+ - 0
proton electron neutrons
Electrical Energy
Electricity is the movement of
electrons.
Electrical Energy
Charged atom (ion)
Electrical Charge
+ + - - + -
Repel Repel Attract
Conductors and
Insulators
CONDUCTORS INSULATOR
materials that materials that
conduct does not conduct
electricity. electricity.
CONDUCTORS INSULATOR
Electrical Circuit
An electric circuit is a path
that connects two points
from the negative terminal
to the positive terminal of a
power source in a circuit
where the charge flows.
Electrical Circuit
Load
Load
Source Source
Electrical Circuit
Closed circuit Open circuit
Electrical
Quantities
Voltage
Voltage is
the energy that
causes current by
pushing electrons
in a circuit in the
same direction. Measured in volts (V)
Voltage
• refers to the energy
difference between
two points in a
circuit, also known as
the potential
difference.
Electric Current
• Electrical Current (I)
is the total amount
of charge passing
through a wire over a
period
Electric Current
Unit: AMPERE
Types of Electric Current
Current flows in different direction
Current flows in one direction
and value keeps changing.
Resistance (R)
• It is the
restriction of
the flow of
electrons.
• It is measured in
Ohms.
Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s Law
• In an electrical circuit, Ohm's Law is a
formula that is used to quantify the
relationship between voltage, current,
and resistance.
Ohm’s Law
• it is named after
Georg Simon Ohm, a German
physicist who studied the
relationship between
voltage, current, and
resistance.
Ohm’s Law
Quantity Symbol Unit of Unit
Measurement Abbreviation
Current I Ampere A
Voltage V Volt V
Resistance R Ohm Ω
Ohm’s Law
• It is stated as: Current is directly
proportional to the voltage and
inversely proportional to the
resistance.
Ohm’s Law
V = IR
I = V/R R = V/I
Practice
CURRENT (I) VOLTAGE (V) RESISTANCE (R)
1. 20 A 180 V ________
2. 10 A ________ 5 ohms
3. ________ 150 V 15 ohms
Paper (1/4) and pen ready
1. How much current flows through a lamp with resistance
90Ω when it is connected to a 220-V outlet?
2. What is the resistance of a lamp that allows 0.8 A current
when 110 V is applied to it?
3. What is the drop in voltage from the generator to the
auditorium when a current of 15 A is used and the
resistance of the wires is 0.3 Ω?
