NEW MARKET PS. 220=— never notice. Any image can be altered to create an “improved” picture of reality, The average viewer is let with no way to assess the accuracy of an image except through trust in a news organization or photographer. 6 The question of the accuracy of images gets even trickier when photojournalists start experimenting with camera apps—like Flickr or Instagram—which encourage the use of 10 unit 14, filters. Images can be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs ‘more artistic, ot to give them an antique look. Photojournalists using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful images—but also controversy. Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticize war, while distancing us from those who fight in them, GrweeECe No eee end pete ea i COC ai) EO ecu) Yet, photography has always been more subjective than we assume, Each picture is a result of a series of decisions—where to stand, what lens* to use, and what to leave in or out of the frame, Does altering photographs with camera app filters make them less true? 2 Allens isa thin, curved piece of glass or plastic used in things suchas cameras. There’s something powerful and exciting about the experiment that the digital age has forced upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories, and they give others the power to do the same. Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on elections, governments, wars, and disasters. In the process, they miss cout on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be just as revealing and relevant. ‘The increase in the number of photographs and photographers might even be good for democracy itself. Hundreds of millions of potential citizen journalists make the world smaller and help keep leaders honest. People can now show what they are up against, making it increasingly difficult for governments to hide their actions. If everyone has a camera, Big Brother" isn’t the only one watching, Who knows? Our obsession with documentation and constantly being connected could lead to a radical change in our way of being, Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal visual language. It’s one that could change the way we relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists. whether this flowering of ill lead to a public that better tands images. Or will what we al han what sets us apa: ig Brother see total contol uver people's ive George Orwell’ novel 1986 4 Ifanevent or experience numbs you, you are notable te feel any emations or think larly. unit 1a 44 GrweeEMAIN IDEA DETAIL PURPOSE INFERENCE PARAPHRASE MAIN IDEA 42 unit 10, ‘A. Choose the best answer for each question. 1. According to the author, why are there fewer memorable photographs today? a because the quality of many images is very poor b. because most images are not interesting to a global audience . because traditional media refuse to publish amateur photos d, because there are so many good images these days 2. What kinds of images does the author think matter most these days? a. images that are important to people and can be shared quickly b. high-quality images that help show dramatic events c. images presented in a traditional way that reflect reality d, images that can be altered to improve one's sense of reality 3. Why does the author put the word improved in quotation marks in paragraph F? a. The writer is using the exact word fro another source. b. The writer wants to stress that the picture of realty is greatly improved. . The writer feels itis questionable whether the picture is truly improved. d. The writer is not sure the reader understands the word, so draws attention to it 4, Who does the author criticize in paragraph J? a. citizen journalists c. Big Brother b. government leaders d. people who alter photos 5. When referring to visual language, what does the author mean by language, there will be those who produce poetry and those v lists (paragraph K)? 2, [twill be most useful for shopping and for writing beaut! b. It will be better because it can be used for a variety of thine C. Visual language has certain limitations compared to written ian 4. Some people will use it for everyday things, and others for mer= .ieouive things, B. Match each paragraph with its main idea (a-e). 4. Paragraph A * * a, More photojournalists are taking smartvino' now and uploading them to social re 2. Paragraph * ——_* b, Theeffect on us of the increasing nu photographs is still uncertain. 3. Paragraph E © +c. When there are big or dramatic news photographers often share the fist images wilt tie publ 4, Paragraph G * © d. Altering photos with camera apps can give viewers 2 misleading impression about serious events such as wars. 5. Paragraph L * e, Anyone can be an amateur photographer now because photos taken on smartphones are almost as good as photos taken on digital cameras. ee 7 GrweeEFees Understanding Words with Multiple Meanings Many words have more than one meaning. In some cases, the words may be different parts of speech; for example, a noun and a verb. They may be different in meaning (e.g, a slip of paper, to slip on the ic), or similar (e.g., to score a goal, my goal in life). In each case, you may need to use a dictionary to understand a word's exact meaning. IDENTIVING A. Scan paragraphs A-D in Reading A to find the words in bold below (1-6). MEANING Then choose the correct meaning (a or b) for each. 1. age a. a period in history b. how old someone is 2. pretty a. quite b. attractive 3. appetite a. physical hunger b. a strong desire 4, act a. an action b. to behave 5. second aa 60th of aminute b. number two in a series 6. course a. aclass b. the direction ANALYZING B. Read each of these excerpts from Reading A (1-4). Choose the sentence in which the underlined word has the same meaning as the bold word. _ makes it easier to capture unguarded moments. (paragraph C) a. NASA is using space telescopes to help capture images of cistant planets b. The capture of the gang's leader should lead to less crime in the city, 2. Photojournalists using camera apps to cover wars ... (paragraph G) a. The local media will cover the ction. b. His photo appeared on the cove ne .. a result of a series of decision a. There has been an unusual s2¥i b. What is the most popular cornic and what to leave in or out of the 1 2, It looked like somebody was trying b. Look in the camera frame and tell me v Do you think news ; allowed to use filters when publishing images of serious subjects (c.0., va10)/ What are the pros and cons of doing s0? Discuss with a partner and note your ideas pipe eae cains Weve Maan Ayes A onan kash nee eee cases ee Your opinion: unit 1a 13 GrweeECOMPLETION A. Circle the correct words to complete the paragraph below. Recent years have seen some ‘relevant / dramatic changes in photography. The availability of cell phones has allowed millions of people to “embrace / represent photography as a hobby. Image-sharing apps allow anyone to share photos instantly / profoundly with friends and followers online; some people become “tremendous / obsessed with capturing and documenting every detail of their lives, However, the popularity of image-sharing sites has also raised some Sobsessive / controversial issues—for example, when images of an individual are widely shared without the person's knowledge. woRDS IN B. Complete each sentence with the correct answer (a or b). CONTEXT, 1. A controversy involves ____ among people. a. agreement b. disagreement 2, Ifa photo represents a place, it __ what the place is lke. a. shows b. doesn’t show 3. Ina democracy, citizens __ the right to vote. a. have b. don't have 4, If the ideas in an old book are relevant today, they a. no longer b. still 5. Ifyou feel a tremendous amount of pressure, you feel - a. alot b. alittle bit 6. Something that is profound is felt or experienced very a. briefly b. stronaly WORD FORMS CC. We can add -tic to some nouns to form adjectives (e.g., drama + -tic = drama Complete the sentences below using the adjectives in the box. athletic democratic dramatic _ genetic | 1. Aperson’s___ability—for example, their speed and stre be partly affected by ____ factors. 2, In the 20th century, many countries held their first __________ ele 3, In 2011, Amy Weston took a(n) _______ photo of a woman leaping to safety from a burning buil 14 unit 10 | GrweeEDEFINITIONS A, You are going to read about photographer Annie Griffiths. Below are some expressions she uses (1-5). What do you think they mean? Match each one with its definition (a-e). PREDICTING B. 1 2. put at ease 3. 4 5. small talk . hooked . bysome miracle * . top-notch ea eb. ec ed. ee. light conversation addicted; obsessed make people feel cornfortable extremely good; excellent amazingly; surprisingly What could be some challenges of being a professional photographer? Discuss with a partner. Then check your ideas as you read the passage. GrweeEm JOURNEY w ss PHOTOGRAPHS ny Se as cCarSTy @aneeeA Tgot my first real job at age 12, as a waitress. I am convinced that I learned more as a waitress than Tever did in a classroom, When I went on to college, it also paid for tuition and housing and—eventually—a camera, But best of all, being a waitress taught me to quickly assess. and understand all kinds of people. [learned how to make small talk and how to quickly put people at ease—great training for a journalist. Waiting tables also taught me teamwork and service and humor. 5 From the moment I picked up a camera, ‘was hooked. I ost interest in other studies, and all Iwanted to do was take pictures for the university newspaper, the Minnesota Daily. In six months, I was able to get a lot of ‘great experience. The week I finished college, Iwas contacted by the Worthington Daily Globe, a regional daily newspaper in southern ‘Minnesota with a history of excellence in —— photography. By some miracle I was hired, and the two-year experience that followed was like a master class in photojournalism. Jim Vance was the top-notch publisher of the Globe, He had very high expectations of all the staff. With little or no instruction from him, writers and photographers were expected to fill the paper with stories that were important to out readers. I didn’t know it at the time, but this independent reporting was perfect training for my future career. Among the most important things I learned at the Globe was that if you can make friends with a shy Norwegian farmer and be invited to his kitchen table, you can probably do well in any culture on Earth. I worked with a wonderful writer named Paul Gruchow. Together we ‘would search the farming communities for stories. Paul had grown up on a farm himself and lived through personal tragedy, so he was able to project warmth and understanding to anyone he met. Farmers would invite us into their homes and willingly share their personal thoughts with us. From Paul I learned how to be a patient listener, as well as the importance ng each subject time and sincere FSTGrweeE& Ttwas while I was working at the Globe that I happened to answer the phone one morning. A man’s voice asked, “You a photographer?” When Treplied that indeed I was, the voice responded, “This is Bob Gilka. National Geographic, I need a hail" damage picture. You guys get a big hailstorm last night?” | overcame my nervousness and said, “Yes, sir.” ‘When he asked ifI could take the picture for him, I again said, “Yes, si.” F My little picture of hail damage in southern Minnesota was well received, and a yeat later, I was working for Bob—National Geographic's legendary director of photography. Thus began one of the most important relationships of my life. Lessons on the Road Iwas the youngest photographer working for National Geographic when Iartived in 1978, and I spent at least a decade just trying not to make mistakes. With each new assignment came the fear that this was going to be the one where they figured out that I couldn’t do the job. Hi On many assignments, the most challenging part turned out to be the transportation. Over the years, I traveled by horse, car, train, truck, and all sorts of old vehicles. I traveled by mule” in Mexico, by ship along the Indian Ocean, by fishing boat in the Sea of Galilee, by moped? in ‘Bermuda, by sailboat in Sydney. I flew in helicopters chasing bears in the Arctic. Twice, while flying in light planes, pilots have had to make emergency landings fat from any airport. But there were also wonderful experiences. In Africa I traveled by balloon, ultralight aireraft, and elephant, In a rubber raft off the west coast of Mexico, I was suddenly lifted out of the water on the back of a friendly whale. | Wherever I traveled in the world, taking beautiful pictures was always my goal. However, later in my career, T also wanted my pictures to make a real difference in people's lives. That is why each spring I tour two or three developing tts of people whose lives are better becati about them. The photos are used! in cis, Yhe other issue that stole my heart wv sm the National Geographic E>» 2 United States to photogs, hx } Lam deeply grateful for my | it has taught me. I have lear sky; that language isn’t always n people are not alike, but they do mosily | that judging others does great harm, but liste» . and that itis impossible to hate a group of peop ‘one of them as an individual. 41 Hall Js small balls of ce that fal from the sky like ral 2 Amule iss hybrid between a horse anda donkey. 3 Amoped is type of ightwelght motoreyee FSTPURPOSE SEQUENCE DETAIL DETAIL MAIN IDEA IDENTIFYING “MEANING 20 unit 18 A. Choose the best answer for each question. 1. What is the purpose of paragraph A? 1a. to show how working as a waitress is similar to life as a photographer bb. to explain how Griffiths’ first job helped prepare her for her future career c. to compare Griffiths’ life before and after being a waitress d. to describe how Griffiths became interested in photography at college 2, What happened after Griffiths graduated from college? a. She picked up a camera for the first time. b. She began working at the Minnesota Daily. . She got a job at the Worthington Daily Globe. 4d. She started teaching photography. Which sentence does NOT describe Griffiths’ job at the Globe? 2. She received detailed instructions from her publisher. b. She learned how to be a patient listener. . The experience prepared her well for a job at National Geographic. d. She was expected to fill the paper with stories that readers wanted. 4, What kind of transportation challenge does Griffiths mention? a. having an accident in a fishing boat b. getting attacked by an elephant . being forced to land in a remote place d. getting lost in the ocean in a rubber raft 5. According to Griffiths, what has life as a photographer taught a. that language is essential for communication b. that most people have very different hopes and fears cc. that expressing an opinion is as important as listening d. that it is important to get to know people as individuals ‘Scan the section “Lessons on the Road" to find the words in bold below (1-6). Then choose the correct meaning (a or b) for each. 1. spent a. paid money for something b. passed time in a specific way 2. light a. not heavy. b. pale; not dark 3. back —a,,_ rear surface of a body . in the opposite directio 4. spring a. to suddenly jump forward b. the season after winte 5. left a. went away b. remaining b 6. once —_ a. one time only 1. aS soon as; when GrweeENee aay IIIT nIENIE UEInEEIEEED EEE Scanning for Information (1)—Short Answer Questions ‘Scanning is an important skill for taking exams, but how you approach scanning should depend on the question type. With short answer questions, for example, read each question carefully first to determine the information you need. Check if there is a word limit for each answer. Identify key words in the questions, and think about what synonyms might be in the text. Then scan to find the relevant parts of the text. Note that answers normally follow the order they appear in the text ANALYZING A, Read the questions below. What kind of answer will you need to scan for? Circle a, bore. 1. What kind of photographic equipment did Griffiths’ waitress job help pay for? a. an object b. anumber . areason 2. For how long was Griffiths employed at the Worthington Daily Globe? a. aplace b. a specific date c. atime period 3. What was Bob Gilka’s role at National Geographic? a. a person’s name b. a place c. ajob title 4. Where did Griffiths travel by moped? a. a reason b. aplace ca number 5. Why did Griffiths’ goals change later in her career? a. an example b. anactivity a reason SCANNING B. Scan Reading B and write short answers to the questions above. ds > you think > Griffiths says she has learned that “women really do ho she means by this? Discuss with a partner. ow. Then > What examples can you think of that support her statement? Note s share them with a partner. unit 18 21 GrweeECOMPLETION A. Circle the correct words to complete the paragraph below. FEI There are a few things to keep in mind when taking a selfie. First, think RRC about what emotion you want to convey. For example, do you want the PE atl Petes cod pres natural or perhaps more formal and posed? Decide on your location, and try photo to ‘turn out / project love, sadness, or joy? Do you want it to look different angles and distances. Experiment with different camera features Remember, though, that while new technologies may enrich / overcome your photo, you might prefer a simpler *portrait / tuition, even one in black and white. How your final selfie ‘overcomes / turns out will Sthus / portrait depend on a number of factors. DEFINITIONS +B. Match the words in the box with the definitions below. | enrich expectation overcome | sincere teamwork tuition 1, ___: to successfully deal with a problem 2, _____:a belief that someone will or should achieve something 3, ______ honest; not pretending or lying 4. : payment for instruction, especially in a college or university 5. : the effort of people working together to get something done 6, ____: to improve or make better WORD WEB C, Complete the word web with synonyms of thus, Use a thesaurt: if necessary. 22 unit 1B FST