1.
Aim
2. Apparatus
3. Theory
4. Procedure
5. Observation
6. Calculation
7. Precaution
8. Source of error
9. Result
Aim:
To find the refractive indices of water and turpentine oil
using a plane mirror, a equiconvex lens and an adjustable
object needle
Apparatus:
A convex lens an optical needle a plane mirror
a clamp stand a spherometer a plumb line metre Scale water
and turpentine oil
Theory:
If f1 and f2 be the focal length of glass convex lens
and liquid lens and F be he focal length of their
combinaton then,
Liquid lens formed is a planoconcave lens with R1= R(radius
of curvature of convex lens surface), R2 =∞
Where n = Refractve index of the liquid
R = The radius of the curvature of the convex lens
Here, l is the average distance between the legs of the
spherometer and h is the difference in the reading of the
spherometer when placed on the convex lens and the non
plane mirror
Procedure:
1. Take any one convex lens and its rough focal length
2. Take a plane mirror and place it on the horizontal base
of the iron stand
3. Place the convex lens on the plane mirror.
4. Screw the optical needle in the clamp of the standand
hold in horizontally above the lens an distance equal to
its rough focal length
5. Bring the tip of the needle all the vertcal principal axis of
the lens, so that of the needle appears touching the tip
of its image.
6. Move the needle up and down and remove parallax
between tip of the needle and its image.
7. Measure distance between tip and upper surface of the
lens by using a plumb line and half metre scale.
8. Also measure distance between tip and the surface of
its plane mirror
For focal length of the combinaton
1. Take a few drops of transparent liquid on the plane
mirror and pull the convex lens over with its same
face above as before (A piano concave liquid lens is
formed between plane mirror and convex lens).
2. Repeat steps 6, 7 and 8.
3. Record your observatons as given below
For radius of curvature of convex lens surface
1. Determine the pitch and the least count of the
spherometer.
2. Remove the convex lens and dry incompletely. Put
the spherometer on this lens surface.
3. All the three legs of the spherometer should be
placed symmetrically on the lens and adjust
the central screw tip touch the surface of the lens
4.Remove the spherometer from the surface of the
lens and place on the plane mirror surface and record
the reading.
5.Repeat the steps 10 and 11 three times.
6.Obtain the impressions of the three legs of the
spherometer on a paper and mark them and their
average distance
Observation:
Pitch of the spherometer = 1 cm
Least count of the spherometer = 0.01 cm
Distance between the legs:
(1) AB = 3 cm
(2) BC = 3 cm
(3) CA = 3 cm
Calculation:
Mean of h= (0.555+0.6)/2 =0.5775 cm
To find the radius of the curvature of the convex lens:
R = l/6h + h/2 = 2.8861 cm
Measurement of refractive index of water and oil
with water between the convex lens and the plane mirror
Precautions:
1. The screw of the spherometer should be moved in one
direction only to avoid back lash error
2. The screw should be moved just to touch the surface of
convex lens or the glass slab
3. The parallax should be removed properly
4. The lens and the plane mirror should be properly
cleaned
5. The convex lens of large focal length should be used
Sources of error:
1.The distance x1 and x2 may not be measured
correctly
2.The value of hand I may not be correct
3.parallax may not be removed properly
4.Backlash error may not be acting on the spherometer
Result:
1.The refractive index of water is µ1 = 1.06552
2.The refractive index of oil is µ2 = 1.22736
