Encoders
The combinational circuits that change the binary information into N output lines are
known as Encoders. The binary information is passed in the form of 2N input lines.
The output lines define the N-bit code for the binary information. In simple words,
the Encoder performs the reverse operation of the Decoder. At a time, only one
input line is activated for simplicity. The produced N-bit output code is equivalent to
the binary information.
There are various types of encoders which are as follows:
4 to 2 line Encoder:
In 4 to 2 line encoder, there are total of four inputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, and Y3, and two
outputs, i.e., A0 and A1. In 4-input lines, one input-line is set to true at a time to get
the respective binary code in the output side. Below are the block diagram and the
truth table of the 4 to 2 line encoder.
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term A0 and A1 is as follows:
A1=Y3+Y2
A0=Y3+Y1
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
8 to 3 line Encoder:
The 8 to 3 line Encoder is also known as Octal to Binary Encoder. In 8 to 3 line
encoder, there is a total of eight inputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 and three
outputs, i.e., A0, A1, and A2. In 8-input lines, one input-line is set to true at a time to
get the respective binary code in the output side. Below are the block diagram and
the truth table of the 8 to 3 line encoder.
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term A0, A1, and A2 are as follows:
A2=Y4+Y5+Y6+Y7
A1=Y2+Y3+Y6+Y7
A0=Y7+Y5+Y3+Y1
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
Decimal to BCD Encoder
The Octal to Binary Encoder is also known as 10 to 4 line Encoder. In 10 to 4 line
encoder, there are total of ten inputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, Y8, and Y9 and
four outputs, i.e., A0, A1, A2, and A3. In 10-input lines, one input-line is set to true at a
time to get the respective BCD code in the output side. The block diagram and the
truth table of the decimal to BCD encoder are given below.
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term A0, A1, A2, and A3 is as follows:
A3 = Y9 + Y8
A2 = Y7 + Y6 + Y5 +Y4
A1 = Y7 + Y6 + Y3 +Y2
A0 = Y9 + Y7 +Y5 +Y3 + Y1
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
Priority Encoder:
4 to 2 line Priority Encoder:
In this priority encoder, there are total of 4 inputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, and Y3, and two
outputs, i.e., A0 and A1. The Y3 has high and Y0 has low priority inputs. When more
than one input is '1' at the same time, the output will be the (binary) code
corresponding to the higher priority input. Below is the truth table of the 4 to 2 line
priority encoder.
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term A0 and A1 can be found using K-map as:
A1=Y3+Y2
A0=Y3+Y2'.Y1
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
Uses of Encoders:
1. These systems are very easy to use in all digital systems.
2. Encoders are used to convert a decimal number into the binary number. The
objective is to perform a binary operation such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, etc.
Decoder
The combinational circuit that change the binary information into 2N output lines is
known as Decoders. The binary information is passed in the form of N input lines.
The output lines define the 2N-bit code for the binary information. In simple words,
the Decoder performs the reverse operation of the Encoder. At a time, only one
input line is activated for simplicity. The produced 2 N-bit output code is equivalent to
the binary information.
There are various types of decoders which are as follows:
2 to 4 line decoder:
In the 2 to 4 line decoder, there is a total of three inputs, i.e., A 0, and A1 and E and
four outputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, and Y3. For each combination of inputs, when the enable
'E' is set to 1, one of these four outputs will be 1. The block diagram and the truth
table of the 2 to 4 line decoder are given below.
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term Y0, Y0, Y2, and Y3 is as follows:
Y3=E.A1.A0
Y2=E.A1.A0'
Y1=E.A1'.A0
Y0=E.A1'.A0'
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
3 to 8 line decoder:
The 3 to 8 line decoder is also known as Binary to Octal Decoder. In a 3 to 8 line
decoder, there is a total of eight outputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 and three
outputs, i.e., A0, A1, and A2. This circuit has an enable input 'E'. Just like 2 to 4 line
decoder, when enable 'E' is set to 1, one of these four outputs will be 1. The block
diagram and the truth table of the 3 to 8 line encoder are given below.
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 is as follows:
Y0=A0'.A1'.A2'
Y1=A0.A1'.A2'
Y2=A0'.A1.A2'
Y3=A0.A1.A2'
Y4=A0'.A1'.A2
Y5=A0.A1'.A2
Y6=A0'.A1.A2
Y7=A0.A1.A2
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
4 to 16 line Decoder
In the 4 to 16 line decoder, there is a total of 16 outputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2,……, Y16 and
four inputs, i.e., A0, A1, A2, and A3. The 3 to 16 line decoder can be constructed using
either 2 to 4 decoder or 3 to 8 decoder. There is the following formula used to find
the required number of lower-order decoders.
Required number of lower order decoders=m2/m1
m1 = 8
m2 = 16
Required number of 3 to 8 decoders= =2
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term A0, A1, A2,…, A15 are as follows:
Y0=A0'.A1'.A2'.A3'
Y1=A0'.A1'.A2'.A3
Y2=A0'.A1'.A2.A3'
Y3=A0'.A1'.A2.A3
Y4=A0'.A1.A2'.A3'
Y5=A0'.A1.A2'.A3
Y6=A0'.A1.A2.A3'
Y7=A0'.A1.A2.A3
Y8=A0.A1'.A2'.A3'
Y9=A0.A1'.A2'.A3
Y10=A0.A1'.A2.A3'
Y11=A0.A1'.A2.A3
Y12=A0.A1.A2'.A3'
Y13=A0.A1.A2'.A3
Y14=A0.A1.A2.A3'
Y15=A0.A1.A2'.A3
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
