Encoders
The combinational circuits that change the binary information into N output
lines are known as Encoders. The binary information is passed in the form
of 2N input lines. The output lines define the N-bit code for the binary
information. In simple words, the Encoder performs the reverse operation of
the Decoder. At a time, only one input line is activated for simplicity. The
produced N-bit output code is equivalent to the binary information.
There are various types of encoders which are as follows:
4 to 2 line Encoder:
In 4 to 2 line encoder, there are total of four inputs, i.e., Y 0, Y1, Y2, and Y3, and
two outputs, i.e., A0 and A1. In 4-input lines, one input-line is set to true at a
time to get the respective binary code in the output side. Below are the block
diagram and the truth table of the 4 to 2 line encoder.
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term A0 and A1 is as follows:
0/01:27
A1=Y3+Y2
A0=Y3+Y1
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
8 to 3 line Encoder:
The 8 to 3 line Encoder is also known as Octal to Binary Encoder. In 8 to 3
line encoder, there is a total of eight inputs, i.e., Y 0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, and
Y7 and three outputs, i.e., A0, A1, and A2. In 8-input lines, one input-line is set
to true at a time to get the respective binary code in the output side. Below
are the block diagram and the truth table of the 8 to 3 line encoder.
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term A0, A1, and A2 are as follows:
A2=Y4+Y5+Y6+Y7
A1=Y2+Y3+Y6+Y7
A0=Y7+Y5+Y3+Y1
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
Decimal to BCD Encoder
The Octal to Binary Encoder is also known as 10 to 4 line Encoder. In 10 to 4 line
encoder, there are total of ten inputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, Y8, and Y9 and four
outputs, i.e., A0, A1, A2, and A3. In 10-input lines, one input-line is set to true at a time to get the
respective BCD code in the output side. The block diagram and the truth table of the decimal
to BCD encoder are given below.
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term A0, A1, A2, and A3 is as follows:
A3 = Y9 + Y8
A2 = Y7 + Y6 + Y5 +Y4
A1 = Y7 + Y6 + Y3 +Y2
A0 = Y9 + Y7 +Y5 +Y3 + Y1
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
Uses of Encoders:
1. These systems are very easy to use in all digital systems.
2. Encoders are used to convert a decimal number into the binary
number. The objective is to perform a binary operation such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.
Decoder
The combinational circuit that change the binary information into 2 N output
lines is known as Decoders. The binary information is passed in the form of
N input lines. The output lines define the 2 N-bit code for the binary
information. In simple words, the Decoder performs the reverse operation of
the Encoder. At a time, only one input line is activated for simplicity. The
produced 2N-bit output code is equivalent to the binary information.
There are various types of decoders which are as follows:
2 to 4 line decoder:
In the 2 to 4 line decoder, there is a total of three inputs, i.e., A 0, and
A1 and E and four outputs, i.e., Y 0, Y1, Y2, and Y3. For each combination of
inputs, when the enable 'E' is set to 1, one of these four outputs will be 1.
The block diagram and the truth table of the 2 to 4 line decoder are given
below.
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term Y0, Y0, Y2, and Y3 is as follows:
Y3=E.A1.A0
Y2=E.A1.A0'
Y1=E.A1'.A0
Y0=E.A1'.A0'
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
3 to 8 line decoder:
The 3 to 8 line decoder is also known as Binary to Octal Decoder. In a 3 to
8 line decoder, there is a total of eight outputs, i.e., Y 0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6,
and Y7 and three outputs, i.e., A 0, A1, and A2. This circuit has an enable input
'E'. Just like 2 to 4 line decoder, when enable 'E' is set to 1, one of these four
outputs will be 1. The block diagram and the truth table of the 3 to 8 line
encoder are given below.
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 is as follows:
Y0=A0'.A1'.A2'
Y1=A0.A1'.A2'
Y2=A0'.A1.A2'
Y3=A0.A1.A2'
Y4=A0'.A1'.A2
Y5=A0.A1'.A2
Y6=A0'.A1.A2
Y7=A0.A1.A2
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
4 to 16 line Decoder
In the 4 to 16 line decoder, there is a total of 16 outputs, i.e., Y 0, Y1, Y2,……,
Y16 and four inputs, i.e., A0, A1, A2, and A3. The 3 to 16 line decoder can be
constructed using either 2 to 4 decoder or 3 to 8 decoder. There is the
following formula used to find the required number of lower-order decoders.
Required number of lower order decoders=m2/m
m1 = 8
m2 = 16
Required number of 3 to 8 decoders= =2
Block Diagram:
Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term A0, A1, A2,…, A15 are as follows:
Y0=A0'.A1'.A2'.A3'
Y1=A0'.A1'.A2'.A3
Y2=A0'.A1'.A2.A3'
Y3=A0'.A1'.A2.A3
Y4=A0'.A1.A2'.A3'
Y5=A0'.A1.A2'.A3
Y6=A0'.A1.A2.A3'
Y7=A0'.A1.A2.A3
Y8=A0.A1'.A2'.A3'
Y9=A0.A1'.A2'.A3
Y10=A0.A1'.A2.A3'
Y11=A0.A1'.A2.A3
Y12=A0.A1.A2'.A3'
Y13=A0.A1.A2'.A3
Y14=A0.A1.A2.A3'
Y15=A0.A1.A2'.A3
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:
