Activity File

NSS
BBA –2015
Batch 2021– 2024

RUKMINI DEVI INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES

An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institute
NAAC Accredited: A+ Grade (2nd Cycle), Category A+ Institution (by SFRC,
Govt. of NCT Delhi)
(Approved by AICTE, HRD Ministry, Govt. of India)
Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi
2A & 2B, Madhuban Chowk, Outer Ring Road, Phase-1, Delhi-110085

SUBMITTED BY:
Name of the Student- Tanya Lakhmani
Enrolment No.- 0338030171
BBA, Semester 3

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 Activity No. 2

GOAL 1: Good Health and Well-Being

Well-being is a feeling of satisfaction with life, a state characterized by health, happiness,

and prosperity. Good health concerns the care of the human body and everything that can be
done to protect it from sickness and intoxication and enable access to care.

It aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all, at all ages. Health and well-
being are important at every stage of one’s life, starting from the beginning. This goal
addresses all major health priorities: reproductive, maternal, new-born child and adolescent
health; communicable and non-communicable diseases; universal health coverage; and access
for all to safe, effective, quality and affordable medicines and vaccines.

SDG 3 aims to prevent needless suffering from preventable diseases and premature death by
focusing on key targets that boost the health of a country’s overall population. Regions with
the highest burden of disease and neglected population groups and regions are priority areas.
Goal 3 also calls for deeper investments in research and development, health financing and
health risk reduction and management.

To ensure healthy lives and promote the well-being of all children, UNICEF has four key
asks that encourage all governments to:

1. Strengthen primary healthcare systems to reach every child

2. Focus on maternal, new-born and child survival

3. Prioritize child and adolescent health and well-being, including mental health

4. Support responses to reduce the impact on children and families of natural disasters,
complex emergencies and demographic shifts

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 How is India working toward the Goal?

To address the health care challenges for it’s well-being, in India, National Health Mission
(NHM) and its two sub missions namely National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and National
Urban Health Mission (NUHM) provide technical and financial support to supplement the
efforts of the States/UT Governments to meet the objective of equitable, accessible and
affordable health care services to all. Such support includes, free medicines/ drugs, free
diagnostics and patient transport, to lessen the burden of the out-of-pocket expenditure on
health care.

Accelerate progress on UHC

1. Implementing Ayushman Bharat: Health and Wellness Centres and hospital insurance
scheme
2. Monitoring and evaluation of health sector performance
3. Improving access to priority health services such as immunizations, maternal and child
health, tuberculosis, hepatitis
4. Digital health ecosystem
5. Eliminating neglected tropical diseases and control of vaccine-preventable and vector-borne
diseases

Promote health and wellness by addressing determinants of health

1. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) action plan roll-out
2. Environmental health, including air pollution
3. Mental health promotion and suicide prevention
4. Nutrition and food safety
5. Road safety
6. Tobacco control
7. Integration of NCD and environmental risk factors in the digital health information platform

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Better protect the population against health emergencies
1. Disease surveillance and outbreak detection and response, including International Health
Regulation
2. Roll-out of integrated disease surveillance programme using the real-time integrated health
information platform (IHIP)
3. Preparedness for, and response to all, emergencies
4. Containment of antimicrobial resistance

Enhance India’s global leadership in health

1. Improving access to medical products of assured quality made in India
2. Development and information sharing of innovations in health practices and technologies
including IHIP
3. Strengthening India’s leadership in digital health

Facts and Figures

• In 2020 and 2021, 14.9 million people were estimated to have died due to COVID-19
and its impact on health systems and society.

• Interruptions in essential health services were reported in 92 per cent of 129 countries
surveyed at the end of 2021.

• As of May 2022, more than 80 per cent of people had received at least one dose of a
vaccine in high-income countries but the proportion is only about 17 per cent in low-
income countries.

• Between January 2020 and May 2021, the pandemic may have claimed the lives of
1,15,500 health and care workers worldwide.

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• In 2020, the global prevalence of anxiety and depression increased by an estimated 25
per cent, with young people and women most affected.

• In 2015–2021, an estimated 84 per cent of births were assisted by skilled health

professionals, an increase from 77 per cent in 2008–2014.

• The global mortality rate of children under age 5 fell by 14 per cent from 2015 to
2020.

• 5 million children died before reaching their fifth birthday in 2020 alone, down from
5.9 million in 2015.

• From 2010 to 2020, the adolescent birth rate dropped from 47.9 births to 41.2 births
per 1,000 adolescents aged 15 to 19.

• The universal health coverage improved from a global average of 45 out of 100 in
2000 to 64 in 2015 and then 67 in 2019.

• In 2020, an estimated 1.5 million people were newly diagnosed with HIV and 680,000
people died of AIDS-related causes.

• The incidence of HIV infections globally declined by 39 per cent between 2010 and
2020, far less than the 75 per cent target agreed to by the General Assembly in 2016.

• TB deaths increased from 1.2 million in 2019 to 1.3 million in 2020 due to disruptions
associated with the pandemic.

• Between 2018 and 2020, TB treatment reached 20 million people, only half of the
global target.

• In 2020, 627,000 people died from malaria, with cases estimated to have reached 241
million.

• About two thirds of the additional deaths were linked to disruptions in the provision
of malaria services during the pandemic.

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• The number of people requiring neglected tropical diseases (NTD) treatment and care
declined from 2.19 billion in 2010 to 1.73 billion in 2020.

• By the end of 2020, at least one NTD had been eliminated in 42 countries.

• From 2019 to 2020, coverage of infant immunization slipped from 86 per cent to 83
per cent.

• 7 million children missed out on vaccinations in 2020, 3.7 million more than in 2019
and the highest number since 2005.

• 1 million older children did not receive vaccines through the routine immunization
programme in 2020, an increase from 13.6 million in 2019.

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 GOAL 2: Clean Water and Sanitation

The goal is to ensure access to safe water sources and sanitation for all. Access to safe water,
sanitation and hygiene is the most basic human need for health and well-being. Billions of
people will lack access to these basic services in 2030 unless progress quadruples. Demand
for water is rising owing to rapid population growth, urbanization and increasing water needs
from agriculture, industry, and energy sectors.

Decades of misuse, poor management, overextraction of groundwater and contamination of

freshwater supplies have exacerbated water stress. In addition, countries are facing growing
challenges linked to degraded water-related ecosystems, water scarcity caused by climate
change, underinvestment in water and sanitation and insufficient cooperation on
transboundary waters.

To reach universal access to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene by 2030, the current rates
of progress would need to increase fourfold. Achieving these targets would save 829,000
people annually, who die from diseases directly attributable to unsafe water, inadequate
sanitation and poor hygiene practices.

Water and sanitation- related diseases remain among the major causes of death in children
under five; more than 800 children die every day from diarrhoeal diseases linked to poor
hygiene.

Proper water and sanitation is a key foundation for achieving the Sustainable Development
Goals, including good health and gender equality. By managing our water sustainably, we are
also able to better manage our pro- duction of food and energy and contribute to decent work
and economic growth. Moreover, we can preserve our water ecosystems, their biodiversity,
and take action on climate change.

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 How is India working toward the Goal?

India has made rapid progress in ending open defecation across the country, which
significantly impacts improving water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH).

In 2015, nearly half of India’s population of around 568 million people suffered the indignity
of defecating in fields, forests, bodies of water, or other public spaces due to a lack of access
to toilets. India alone accounted for 90 per cent of the people in South Asia and half of the 1.2
billion people in the world that defecated in the open.

UNICEF extended the objective of eradicating open defecation to effective solid and liquid
waste management in all cities and villages. By 2019, according to the latest estimates, the
number of people without access to toilets has reduced significantly by an estimated 450
million people.

A tremendous achievement, only possible because of the Government’s flagship programme,

the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) (Clean India Campaign), led by the Prime Minister
himself. UNICEF has been a proud partner of the Swachh Bharat Mission, which is now in
phase two of its implementation.

India has made rapid progress in ending open defecation across the country. The number of
people defecating in the open in India has reduced significantly by an estimated 450 million
people. However, we all need to ensure sustained use of toilets and hygiene practices at all
times. Open defecation has historically been most prevalent among the poorest citizens in the
cities or the countryside.

The risk of spreading diarrheal and waterborne diseases gets compounded by the lack of
regular handwashing and microbial contamination of water in their homes and communities.
This practice amounted to tonnes of faeces introduced daily into the environment, regularly
exposing India’s children to excrement through direct contact. The situation contributed to
nearly 100,000 diarrhoeal deaths of children under five years in India.

Poor sanitation can also have a ripple effect when it hinders national development because
workers are suffering from illnesses and living shorter lives, producing and earning less, and
unable to afford education and stable futures for their children. Inadequate water, sanitation

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and hygiene (WASH) services in India’s health facilities contributes to the high neonatal
mortality rate, which is currently 24 deaths per 1000 live births.

Sepsis – mainly spread in health facilities – contributes to 15 per cent of the overall neonatal
mortality and 11 per cent of maternal deaths. Moreover, the risks do not end there when they
are brought home to a community that lacks toilets.

Facts and Figures

• In 2020, 74 per cent of the global population had access to safely managed drinking
water services, up from 70 per cent in 2015. Still, two billion people live without
safely managed drinking water services, including 1.2 billion people lacking even a
basic level of service, in 2020.

• Between 2015 and 2020, the population with safely managed sanitation increased
from 47 per cent to 54 per cent and the population with access to handwashing
facilities with soap and water in the home increased from 67 per cent to 71 per cent.
Rates of progress for these basic services would need to quadruple for universal
coverage to be reached by 2030.

• At the current rates of progress, 1.6 billion people will lack safely managed drinking
water, 2.8 billion people will lack safely managed sanitation, and 1.9 billion people
will lack basic hand hygiene facilities in 2030.

• Eight out of 10 people who lack even basic drinking water service live in rural areas,
and about half of them live in least developed countries (LDCs).

• Water use efficiency worldwide rose from $17.4 per cubic metre in 2015 to $19.4 per
cubic metre in 2019, a 12 per cent efficiency increase.

• Assessment of rivers, lakes and aquifers in 97 countries in 2020 shows that 60 per
cent of water bodies have good water quality. For at least 3 billion people, the quality
of the water they rely upon is unknown owing to a lack of monitoring.

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• From 2015 to 2020, the population practising open defecation decreased by a third,
from 739 million people to 494 million. The world is on track to eliminate open
defecation by 2030.

• Over the past 300 years, over 85 per cent of the planet’s wetlands have been lost,
mainly through drainage and land conversion, with many remaining wetland areas
degraded. Since 1970, 81 per cent of species dependent on inland wetlands have
declined faster than those relying on other biomes, and an increasing number of these
species are facing extinction.

• Across the world, water stress levels remained safe at 18.6 per cent in 2019. However,
Southern Asia and Central Asia registered high levels of water stress at over 75 per
cent, whereas Northern Africa registered a critical water stress level of over 100 per
cent. Since 2015, water stress levels have increased significantly in Western Asia and
Northern Africa.

• Data from 2017 and 2020 suggest only 32 countries have 90 per cent or more of their
transboundary waters covered by cross-border cooperative arrangements.

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 Activity No. 3

SAY NO TO PLASTIC

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