AGDAV CENTENARY PUBLIC SCHOOL
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
Dying of Fabric
PREPARED BY
NAME: CHINMAY UPADHYAYA
CLASS: XII-A
ROLL NO:
SESSON: 2023-24
SUPERVISED BY: Seema Singhal
AGDAV CENTENARY PUBLIC SCHOOL
Certificate
This is to certify that Chinmay Upadhyaya of Class XII
Science has prepared the investigatory chemistry
projectentitled “dying of fabric”. The report is the
Result of his efforts & endeavors. The report is found
worthy of acceptance as the final project Report for
the subject Chemistry of Class XII. He has prepared the
report undermy guidance.
Mrs. Seema Singhal
(Chemistry teacher)
Acknowledgement
In the completion of this project successfully many
People have best owned upon me their blessings and
Heart pledged support, this time I am utilizing to
thank All the people who have been considered with
this Project.
I would like to thank my chemistry teacher Mrs.
Seema Singhal Valuable guidance has been the ones that
helped me Complete this project and make it a
success, her Suggestions and instructions served as a
major Contribution towards the completion of this
project. Then I would like to thank my parents and
friends who Have helped me with their valuable
suggestions.
Index
• Introduction
• Experiment
• Theory
• Procedure
• Observation
• Precaution
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Dyeing is the process of adding color to textile
productsLike fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Dyeing's
normally done ina special solution Containing dyes
and particular chemical material. After dyeing, dye
molecules have an uncut chemical Bond with fiber
molecules.
The temperature and time controlling are two key
Factors in dyeing.
There are two classes of dye:
Natural
Synthetic
The primary source of dye, historically, has Been nature,
with the dyes being extracted from animals or plants.
Since the mid-19th century, however, humans have
Produced artificial dyes to achieve a broader range of
Colors and to render the dyes more stable to resist
Washing and widespread use Different classes of dyes.
are used for diverse types of Fiber and at various stages
of the textile production Process.
From loose fibers through yarn and cloth to Complete
garments. Acrylic fibers are dyed with basic dyes. Nylon
and Protein fibers such as Wool and Silk are Dyed with
acid dyes Polyester yarn is dyed with disperse dyes
Cotton is dyed with a range of dye types, including vat
Dyes, and modern synthetic reactive and direct dyes.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A DYE
1. It must be a suitable color.
2. It must be capable of being fixed to the material.
3. When fixed, it must be fast enough to use
soaps,water, dry cleaning solvents, light, and dil.
Acids.
Methods to apply dye.
Dyes are applied to textile goods by Dyeing from dye
solutions and by Printing from dye pastes Methods
Incited:
1. Direct application
2. Yarn dyeing
Types of Dyes (Maior types):
Acid dyes:
These are azo dyes and are characterized by the
Presence of acidic groups.
Basic dyes:
These dyes contain organic basic groups such As
NH2 orNR2
Direct dyes:
These are also azo dyes and are used to dye the Fabrics
directly by placing in aqueous solution of the dye.
Disperse dyes:
These dyes are applied in the form of a Dispersion
particles in the presence of phenol or Benzoic
acid.
Vat dyes:
These dyes are water-insoluble and before Dyeing these
are reduced to colorless Compounds.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Practicality of Malachite green as a dye
PROBLEM QUESTION
▪ Is malachite green suitable for dying
fabric?
▪ How well does it work with both cotton and
wool?
EXPERIMENT
▪ Aim:
To dye wool and cotton clothes with
malachiteGreen.
▪ Requirements:
500 ml beakers, tripod stand, wire gauze, glassRod,
spatula, wool cloth, and cotton cloth.
▪ Chemical required.
Sodium carbonate, tannic acid, tartaremetic acid and
malachite green dye.
Theory
Cotton fibers show good durability and utility. It Is a
stable material; it stays undamaged even in the
conditions of high exposure of weak acids and alkalis.
It has high water absorbing ability. Cotton Fabrics are
easy to dye, they have exceptionally low Elasticity
characters. They are easy washable and can be ironed
even at exceedingly high Temperatures.
Woolen fibers are high moisture absorbers too. They
take up moisture in vapor form. It generates heat when
itabsorbs moisture. Each wool fiber is a molecular
coil- spring Making the fiber remarkably elastic. They
are exceptionally durable and resilience. Nature has
folded the chemical polypeptide Chains back upon
themselves in such a way that They act like a coiled
spring which elongates When it is extended and
retracts when it is Released.
Malachite Green is an organic compound that is
Used as a dye stuff and controversially as an
Antimicrobial in aquaculture. Malachite green is
Traditionally used as a dye for materials such as silk,
leather, and paper. Although called Malachite green, this
dye is not prepared from the mineral malachite – the
name just comes from the similarity off-color
Chemical formula: [CНsC(CНN(CH3))2]CI
Common Name: Triarylmethane dye.
Procedure
• Preparation of sodium carbonate solution:
Take about 0.5g of solid sodium carbonate and dissolve it
in250ml of water.
• Preparation of tartar emetic solution:
Take about 0.2g of tartar emetic and dissolve it in 100ml of
water by stirring with the help of glass Rod.
• Preparation of tannic acid solution:
Take 100ml of water in a beaker and add about 1.0g of
tannic acid to it. Heat the solution. On Heating a clear solution
of tannicacid is obtained.
• Preparation of dye solution:
Take about 0.1g of malachite green dye and add 400ml of
waterto it. Warming results in a clear Solution of the dye.
• Dyeing of wool:
Take about 200ml of dye solution and dip in it the Woolen
cloth to be dyed. Boil the solution for About 2 minutes.
After that remove, the cloth and wash it with hot water 3-4
times, squeeze and keep it for dyeing
• Dyeing of cotton:
Cotton does not absorb malachite green readily, therefore it
requires the use of a mordant. For dyeing a cotton cloth dip,
it in sodium carbonate solution for 10 minutes and then rinse
with water. Then put the cloth in hot tannic solution for
about 5 minutes. Now take out the cloth from tannic acid
solution and keep it in tartaremetic solution for about 5
minutes. Remove the cloth and squeeze it with spatula to
remove most of the solution. Now place the cloth boiling
solution of the dye for about 5 minutes. Remove and wash
the dyed cloth thoroughly with water, squeeze and keep it for
drying.
• Dyeing of cotton directly:
Take another piece of cotton cloth and put it directly into
boiling solution of the dye. Keep it dipped for about 2 minutes
Remove the cloth, wash it with water, squeeze and
keep it for drying.
Observations:
• The color of wool cloth directly by dipping in hot solution
of malachite green dye is fast.
• The color of cotton cloth dyed directly (without using
mordant) by dipping in hot solution of malachite green is
not fast to washing and is of Tow intensity.
• The color of cotton cloth dyed indirectly by using mordant
and then by dipping in hot solution of malachite green is
fast to washing and is of high intensity.
Precautions:
• Let the Malachite Green solution boil properly! for
about 8-10 minutes to get better results.
• While dyeing cotton directly, let the cotton cloth be
present in the dye for more than or equal to 2 minutes
but not less.
• Using of solutions such as tartaremetic solution, tannic
acid solution must be eminent.
• Usages of gloves is preventable to ensure tidiness.
Conclusion
• The above table clearly shows the variation in results by
using various mordant dyes (indirect dyeing) or by using
only malachite green (directs dyeing).
• This gives the conclusion to the experiment-
• Malachite green is suitable for dying wool but not
cotton.
BIBLOIGRAPHY
• Google
• Class 12 ncert chemistry
• Wikipedia
• Bing
• Chymist.com
Thank
You
