ere iecangmtl yep eve ae S ae Bei Con he See the —Poprdasior Za _dengthy — G1, pes at whith _con4rel) ___ i mipcurt —fAaror ___ Sead be fmpjemens_a/ — on to _a'Yeveint tnetbad tg par population. | ee it is also _Icnown _o.4_aesfon — thes hola}: Reel TL = ETL — pepresuven vate ‘ol the Pa oI are Be a A A oY mmsek. _t Pe ELL Evono mic inguny levet- i ! fei E Ea Tt Is fre ]owEd Population Aenfsity {D8} Damage Boundary Prok wil) Cause Cronomic damage: eee PE Mi Save level st damage Lrhich Wane b-< neds ure equciebsaeen Grenerod brite pe (ep) *= is Pecos < density 04, popusatinn ouftal| __long_ pesttod Oh mabine Be.ws if exn fice Car hed yeaa can also classifed pe pe Spat aiis of Ludensity: accu Prep cay a? en she _herts of Hy o_o > “hue aie the pat Sheet and Yt severe? BE Shee “oh Bertie fi ina fiat ete $e “There ane he pest wyicn g me oe d the pest fona? nol pest dea Hat _c1ase ~ YX preo_— tn A particutex trop) Siem _bowrr-_ Eu= fowl pat and dfseage: Thue aie the par when > 7 nt in, at Pest base) On _damepe Potendi ; tis | key pest 8 ary Calle + pain Cmore} th Giround nuk + E Oirassy “hopper 5 the most _Severaity damaging spore 1 Tn this case GER is /always Z fs above ETL] 4 i cent sc cau ea exe axe the per nce throupheu Pieasturc —_fhapor pest = Caaaae app Pt tinue —the_paputes (GrEP) cress GIL gui yen lynseetfcrde. Thee de malty lenot cause Bs: re eel generality Yourable tend¥"s they es [_\nseuss ane ot futde 1h) Sap rophagud — | Xy'y flay to _plngg | The most promtnant — Foren it — [HY pen opieea— re So_ prominent CONT) because ey nave diuersit Nant} a petite fe ! Shenae Favourable have (Cero Skelton4 preference peaen bey a Bad —altuide oy. perastic fe they Can minor _psbehy — hexa_pod Ietome —treacheas ey tors @ po SS pupa Aalute vor Ocpus feeder: a rerePlonas- Rice a Sta Maize tena = Wo!ms 3— “These fatto __jne fi Cotton Pfnkt ball were Primes fault hover Clamps e— © _Subyer anean 8- Trae fnsewrs Wtufag fa the Set! And Feeol TD jhe root Bernese ly cas = f es Loses cowed by fnsets * Crop lost — Can he debfnd 04 Pin the _ytetd ef Whith fS —_meaiured__@3_#he dithience aetust Quel _aeatrabte attainabie Yie ps _cltertede efter quasttatively- Ielhen tue ss outro formers 15 Prete ahead paste oh joted_watue ae cede ae diccut bss dad _——_tndixeel cast of tentre!) measured: D lossey 8 — “These ane tne afar) se} lively te be Zustained without — adapHon x} Cp nh ertohunt able _losser—__ 98s) | Ushtelh Cain be Solve lay tata} tombe!) esau stable [ast alt sstensed wonton taninh be prevents lay oval bbie cont) edeee S$ orrrvad epemy Santos e + cxf Nniarad enemy, = ss and | Sharda! fred’ Nomvillstne = Sivisesd oy Some tnseass one_entomghng 2s a = na s (nsect me) ioe ese ENS fase “ity ant. tiers + Bevacttes)— axe Taiyo abjhs peat noaegyenoat populations Distaxe $= vorfous mirrebes Mice 2 Oppert He past ae Satna, Fungi Protogens plot “Haun! \ and Nematodes _o34@ _aise jot) pest __paptataitons po js more f+ aby t f i eT pert po 7 \{ Appiteéal__contmy 8— It 14 _alto_4uap_fypes. Af, tne! eno! ne > = 4 Fost Ai) Conventional Op procda — \34)_Modein appre, {)_tonventfona) “app rcatn =f PS append, s hos been —xevaived Ws ‘i : } teal _pneHnod - _ i pee se ; - 4 It _con be many 4ype 2= 4 “Neier ts “prevent tne. pra migrate : + Cadtuval conto} $— Ht tndude cultural es eae gor or i ——_D__prauitcen tke ev Seasons tnsed Td oF) §n “Sue ep Ee oh _ proper plant density — : oy ee teeters getndoey hast Pot[ OS dang }Lepeo ‘ fpbtels sy | Selah epee nd — fap 0 gUeianting conan o oy — peas Paiuaon fr _monetiry mor : PEE Siove qed Fn aa 3 & elagitar control 5 Lequdaston of —2_pert “population ‘fice — > — Mfc heat For mudasfon ide —Prevereto tes and predibrs - [Bo \hae ONE Cheap Rcofriendly ans} ___ long Deatig. Ww Sue “Aipproch 2° | wnfeh ue py exent nag feat 4 te ane contibusee ___O din dine evap predutefom— and overuse of tnsecticive _| enutroment problems | cHicide rats fance and Uh) Bto-vraatonat approath $= Synsthete = —Ond__Natyve! Compe Ore eh pertivery _tontrel : ua! gue Non= toate; non — Organism. _ Host plant raicant $= if 18 the developments __vebistont which pest _do_mt G1 tation. _ ree joneuer TE FRCS Jorg mE TS development —_and__this. esistont _ not “permanent rQe ES a Leap spot ——1t ts wo ad 4 1 “ayiound the Stomade | gemain —_reshicted necrosis. keetisig HeernT Ch 2 ae c os we see They “have Cel woul, yes fee _organiien ov —hyperhophy ane ne yonrty —Oudgrert Sploc ie es Potato , it Ot ° pa ceptsl andl extensive dh (feceosts) th plant prt toa { SOY HVE" Scovthiry Opperrence i arc a nce a gen = em — ant PME Soft Pott Nahe Gaining of flea tv —Garie sis) Hssue due tm afssouuthn “op [ % a le mma:a Spucs duo £n2ymes and pathogens. dad tissue _oxgars @ = [eave fs Jenewen OD necres boue = whe aeimirot aut —urhith pf clown fo tne! feaves due sysgem oO $42 tel _|b tence Bee A cee re tne dusty ox olue ong ely S.po7s appre fo _beeakag e may he = : Ond yous _cojeett Cppeers on leaves _ ne thate _ un, urhite roy ard btRoto clisease faust boy, Ard F395 eum sry Gn ad dfsense A ntiel by mena exam Yetto ASS Ament rhite Fly % deat oma d{y peak —poputation eer Stuafes Intensive Studies Lae Sarai Studies = =U [tig “gpitadi natal: Over Q_ lange ase 4 qQ — ania berome tar_ovita fg observed) nce ee é Yeo ou uss “490 + Pmege done for _digh?hurten —paticrn | ¢ Populasfin= and a Prediction Yeu ommon fin 4 eas Sandy 90f ndengive Studfer $— Ty Gate tne peated obsetuatien ose taken ine sien “The ymneadusiment heal ' Populotiny can he done * es 3 fa way 3 Sein ee Prom +e Show Stunt gsi ew,my m& A biotite eas?mexe = Dia novels Ise ee veel tn: Fhe tngeck Hot finan + chemical “atcathian— puta tan hut madede ov purrtia for ith Can he measure Insect product lant damage Anseui pedi: Salmo Px hata dante | E ‘S—_cotleded fh fg foo Oy “funned | dlepenai or | j—Ste__and Shape bi tila fata peal Sai DBCS oxi duiasn| >the’ tiger ne | Stratgt —clfveuim or { ronstant_gpeed + _no- ef, Haskcaraiibel! codnid ‘3 ott ters tae Hh cot ane grand hopper. Rie ona eae ED er Method | : Indbatet mneshag = Se is - 1He Regutiments eb Poot manag o> rt = Ub pacomrent ti eta *b and wether Forres. pest manag men = © and Forecastic ¢ i" te[eh pea b oe Cul ea Perea = Hast plant faistonce — Mi att vencacg— Sat tsa device, aoe Gtttnctng Phaystea mtthod 2 fe ie Pee ta Tmdiaiton. dnd ea 3 —fitdator soho, ged = oe Seana. Ga | cnemico? Me rf | fraeee queue. Inihtors + Ue { ce netualé. Genautoura? meted _$——1t ew a pnerinones nad Otlelet nnaiegtiar mained *— palegttey wig en iG plan? TT kequtatory OY legal methods b= te 5 sla tnt oe and trddocten pregramn € vad teattos Af Ffertnt base Lacte af,Nest plant Restrsance BBS Etnenisine® queig soe tasttence ay omy Avetase damage —f 2 C400 OK ee ; (ana 028 6 ance! 9th : ne i 1298 aye OT nel pees an the ey | OTE ote die pg toe J MeStendt rather non On tne | ee he | oc pant “genoryer ‘ Fos gerne sn oie “ re on SPE may he due 40 folowing Sejea: | a Polysene - Buy Hose _tvosfan 2 In his case hese pic a plant may excope the Wiguseepttble stage guictly = | Bram pte (te — pe Eantty owt sh, Peddy Fo min L inGeacisives ef 9. Som “hare ~ Syren Cal yy (eas useol for nignly- esstende pyaieeco i tine foro ke foxte __s01- s000 {25000 Granvlar Ap be handled Sapery oh —granutar B ¥ prfferens_mesneds ah Granule pete aie _mntaied wht of sand_and he concentration oh fy 50 os Oh th, giver, ‘organism on Anirrasy Groadtesting *— Gq nulard SEU ex9 r aa pea eaN oe pevcentia Serie ¢ ee propen dmount : je | dPrewly _pbreadcast gato “the fretd- = Bei E eres = jb) Jn _furow — “They tay he appited_ Senne apa furrows 2 dfrectiy | ae gat eS a — nn—__°) > Repiteg = Seca peaver Seed Dv + dF |turturad Prauirey ares C Fox Contr) pest 4 lamage, BA scadarsssics mt p (an be diitded nto ulate partes 3— 14 % — tngluence Hoe pest == Dien aitng —Spaitng — A180 ayar sate 9 Ea fopataltors and thelr Oilatk by A taater eoanagment modify tag "tne onic eee! per, ed Seedy i inate poe infutatfton ef, Peculiar Closer padting. Aer ease 4 — Ria toting a fa a | alle : aPaiigiea a min, yy the un 1 t Sb fnseet pes gy, cr a 6 tn em Hea Caveipa Can fs alse Ane ~ or weeal on ‘ [osee 5 alterna 3 up Spq = Paddy got Sy + (Mealy bug — © m eae aD oh oe Tae Adeuenehy ma e- Stitea” Ie [eet be nach ost = Pazen chy Pie ee 2 cating 02. Pruntrg oly moat J oh Ser stay a Unfavoyrabt | abp a by__Skm” borers _C Min ¢ He {nFexted _Parts— oh a inp! olf eat Hpe Abode tame => oh cause Mie anne vite D_prturats ee : thee pttyworm $ a spfin ta Br ane present G4UG ok shee Prsech $ Grabs. ei ee 4 ef oh Hee Png BereemiledicH ; Bist iihich aye tS Lome on i ety =1 Trap crps = LPS Solding es +h J Border trap crppneg OT SAGE TREC ppg; —— vergence — doh caine? aaah — Mayr Crop. eee tr From the ‘cometh Crop f Senay he Prony Fer coro —< exampie Sp Gi PE = Trap crop 3 ‘ gugas cane 4 —— Mazar crops Re Dgni case oh SE oon 004 Diamond e me = eo non= host —F a ~ Fs fps lees Sal ¢ gwewn ob ve cen eats me pest weal by bollworm ich a9 way! Pais ef Sn See!) gfe Narvext te = Sele WNarus9 asldedtfng —pvactited — Sip hanes fig * Cee oR te cdenie sy insed{ pest prtvent she,quel mears: r 6, 4 Tita. einer fin hot arr 3, Si ——__} Kf seate fnseces ‘or. ae sero Bored. Sl sue _piceed Gp epilation e _mootstis tn fares) Fut destruction. ob ee Fly ana} mud < eg! CS Oia te Shoots “and brakched oy ‘rice Fred s ds Lovga to_ktl Drying oh Seeds below ip x aber” the 2, Benge cre een DP Cifpptng and _desructfon aphid BR Ue oe std? [ Mecnenteal forces 2— 3¢ rh fnsed colleding et-fan ple fags bt Pratl SPtPee ak have, Is atlacttea)- i fase oi the Posstners which both = ai atte Jn egg wash 7 “jax Pps cm ab Ale a as -aatve of | a) para P2enphagaus *= feed oy, a Pe = Cattle p > fe Pipaphagout 8 Feed +ne_h < Tvansftovy pares Aphid, [Eine hapess paneled 7 develope} _0¥) é : : * Tt caneat “pe survivedbaat ob Feed) habby PoriasPie, EO aes Spousal Sn Laboratory have be free fous — Wid tea pop js edn ee Cen p_wslatey fa Io fs _generally po the lenown a4. ote y antes predator Feeats on —onacy specfesPredatoy Isls ang poo Predator ane ¢pit-Censim, And Mao Cast nPucre, Low, | Adult Stare fois pay }—decepitue Ym f= Exar pie — Prey tng mmanvids, L cinasfffios predators. lainly predatory % = Put haircut eyo ple= Mantels attarie a Seac Example—cacevoath Fee} oy — Blistr heetie feed yy Ta ccaurngig Brower: Ets benebfrally in boi wayd Rigink. al Fis Feed tent tit dead gte mat B=) But parityMoy bef, nse Beart et one qhe toxic eppet doy Hime 18 —_snown Copper cause when. sume orafy alto caied! occurs when phen toxtcty. asieeHor~ inter _jurough Skin _o@ Pnhefation 8— The tonic. obpeur occur when ee | fumes ane in held 7 ee Ctampie= Fumtge ns:TE UASSIC aston : ob Trsecter Y Troiganic pesstetaes— Hes beyey on orfoaee - ld. nm trent of, ees ‘om ponel bp Al ctge, = Ong 2 SWpbun ‘ompausat 0 ganic tnsecrttae 3 = es pte se, f ee — onten 5 orton oe elles — —f-—Exampie~ Neste?s toxin fieen_ Annoy, ieee ot ae Fishes. lane Orfofn® ttf i t tnciy Afcotinates oda s 2g Be |e INseesie?des% — jy aes gann ¢ Otganva boc phorus. & ce. Ew ordinary Known oy —Furnigenss® EA subtest tote tp tents the fret bod, Pastough PR trachea d j Pompe Attumtng un s prec Phorphide - = Cebphas, co -Etnulene afhrom shed to Tt f. fn Ww) SBR vaseolan SY sstfftatfon ude 9b, | Physftat_potson% 2= Aluminu au ~ ty seusetdes co m—oxide (Al, 0. —_—— onan ith etfum: s= They from insets leaHa aa oe radtan of ab body tL tas 0i03- !also tnelude heavy —otl-S—+ Kil Hne_insect ufon oh midgut = Arsenic Compounds mane tomppund- om, cecaa 33 Generali uy popper” arent. o t be gate a Pius eaEmnee com pounds 716 use} 04 ‘Neral. ¢ for wont! mire: for @F which contest prasental Huer _ drs en?ie, RR Avsentie ose ss used at ha? fe Fighter toxic. 7 Wes. ep fe use Os Aguas -| Lime Sulfur tu Le oh _talctum_polysiaephide: salut” 2 Juntou. empleo} Arsenate 2 é ena [at _[rseutctae 2 Plant ovt + _| These fnsectic@es ane | Clowes, leaves Sm dnd ‘anoots hey axe also ye1med as Bottnfcel t | They axe Saper fox use But expe sive aa oft it ued foyFaas POSE me Chaiyarsiion, Sah iiettens, The Soc ke, eckesl fy asenfan. 2 eee “tte See ee yo It ot, = % oe Cas sangue ow Br Oeal “9904, FP deatoatioes ott | 2) ye Oe upen_ the. Hn aependivg. “qutic ; a Rowe Su Uef ° ptustve 4 winding — 1s fai tay tase? ve oO Syuat é ae wm ined. 6 < rox Clays | to powerful contact Ven seuzctde: — while tess foro _O-4 Stomacln insecricid o | {¢ causes ‘rapid paragiss qyetysis by abpet nevuous et € the das Pune vease to 3 finsect house hold or Storage grates aurea is StnGS) sy f Sn thetic LVgAn FC tom pounds ¢ = \&_chernf, 1 Foy aren ase 5 due —fenporients tb “They have hifi ’ ou Gu} The? eave ton an fe: oe : neurniols: eet dur They O48 _Quailable Be ot Foxnnusa sn. al Syntnests. bf st cremicws DOT= Ofc Detaiee 4 —} dt overes He wad quoarceal 1949 bus due 5 Chloron DOT cs me. +p Sbhes thes use febened Py more oh 3 ac Pnseuiteide nlorine pa Nees HP conte fnsecttdde and alae a RN fumigaston « | ea aoe { Endusuf fan—__Nan-Sys : Hit $s ebpeuive Trasle. T been — benesls