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Discrete QB Unit 1 With Sol

This document contains 20 problems related to propositional logic, including: 1) Writing statements in symbolic form and determining truth values 2) Identifying different types of logical statements like propositions, implications, inverses 3) Constructing truth tables and determining if statements are tautologies, contradictions or contingencies 4) Proving various logical equivalences with and without using truth tables The problems cover a wide range of concepts in propositional logic.

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Shreyansh Shukla
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50 views12 pages

Discrete QB Unit 1 With Sol

This document contains 20 problems related to propositional logic, including: 1) Writing statements in symbolic form and determining truth values 2) Identifying different types of logical statements like propositions, implications, inverses 3) Constructing truth tables and determining if statements are tautologies, contradictions or contingencies 4) Proving various logical equivalences with and without using truth tables The problems cover a wide range of concepts in propositional logic.

Uploaded by

Shreyansh Shukla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Let p : Jupiter is a planet and q : India is an island be any two simple statements.

Give
verbal sentence describing each of the following statements.
(i) ¬p (ii) p ∨ ¬q (iii) ¬p ∨ q (iv) p → ¬q (v) p ↔ q

2. Write each of the following sentences in symbolic form using statement variables p and q .

(i) 19 is not a prime number and all the angles of a triangle are equal.

(ii) 19 is a prime number or all the angles of a triangle are not equal

(iii) 19 is a prime number and all the angles of a triangle are equal

(iv) 19 is not a prime number

3. Determine the truth value of each of the following statements

(i) If 6 + 2 = 5 , then the milk is white.

(ii) China is in Europe or √3 is an integer


(iii) It is not true that 5 + 5 = 9 or Earth is a planet

(iv) 11 is a prime number and all the sides of a rectangle are equal

4. Which one of the following sentences is a proposition?

(i) 4 + 7 = 12 (ii) What are you doing? (iii) 3n ≤ 81, n ∈ ℕ (iv) Peacock is our national bird
(v) How tall this mountain is!
5. Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of each of the following implication.

(i) If x and y are numbers such that x = y , then x2 = y2

(ii) If a quadrilateral is a square then it is a rectangle

6. Construct the truth table for the following statements.

(i) ¬ p ∧ ¬q (ii) ¬( p ∧ ¬q) (iii) ( p ∨ q ) ¬q (iv) (¬ p → r) ∧ ( p ↔ q)


7. Verify whether the following compound propositions are tautologies or contradictions or
Contingency
(i) ( p ∧ q ) ¬( p ∨ q)

(ii) ( ( p ∨ q) ¬p ) → q

(iii) ( p → q ) ↔ (¬ p → q)

(iv) ( ( p → q ) ∧ (q → r))→ ( p → r)
8. Show that (i) ¬( p ∧ q) ≡ ¬p ∨¬q (ii) ¬( p → q) ≡ p ∧¬q .
9. Prove that q → p ≡¬ p →¬q
10. Show that p → q and q → p are not equivalent

11.Show that ¬( p ↔ q) ≡ p ↔¬q


12.Check whether the statement p → ( q → p) is a tautology or a contradiction without using
the truth table.

13. Using truth table check whether the statements¬( p ∨ q ) ∨ (¬p ∧ q) and ¬p are logically
equivalent
14. Prove p → ( q → r) ≡ ( p ∧ q) → r without using truth table.

15. Prove that p → (¬q ∨ r ) ≡ ¬p ∨ (¬q ∨ r) using truth table.


16. Consider the following statements:
P: Good mobile phones are not cheap
Q: Cheap mobile phones are not good
L: P implies Q
M: Q implies P
N: P is equivalent to Q

Which of the following about L, M, and N is Correct?


A. Only L is True.
B. Only M is True
C. Only N is True
D. L,M,N are True
Ans D

17. Let p and q be two propositions. Consider the following two formulae in
propositional logic.

S1 : (¬p ∧ (p ∨ q)) → q

S2 : q → (¬p ∧ (p ∨ q))

Which one of the following choices is correct?


A. Neither S1 nor S2 is a tautology

B. S1 is not a tautology but S2 is a tautology

C. Both S1 and S2 are tautologies

D. S1 is a tautology but S2 is not a tautology

Ans D

18. Determine whether each of the following is a tautology, a contradiction, or


neither ("∨" is disjunction, "∧" is conjuction, "→" is implication, "¬" is negation, and
"↔" is biconditional (if and only if).

(i)A↔(A∨A)
(ii)(A∨B)→B

19. Show that the formula [(∼p∨Q)⇒(q⇒p)] is not a tautology.

20. Prove (A VB)  [(¬A)  (¬B)] is a contradiction

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