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Polity Notes

The Indian Constitution is the longest and most comprehensive written constitution in the world. It originally contained 395 articles divided into 22 parts and 8 schedules, but now contains 442 articles divided into 22 parts and 12 schedules. Some unique features include that it lays out provisions for both central and state governments, contains detailed relations between the center and states, gives special status to some states, establishes a parliamentary democracy, declares fundamental rights and citizens' duties, contains directive principles for a welfare state, has provisions for an independent judiciary, and establishes India as a secular state. It also reserves seats for scheduled castes and tribes and provides for village-level Panchayati Raj self-governance.

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73 views2 pages

Polity Notes

The Indian Constitution is the longest and most comprehensive written constitution in the world. It originally contained 395 articles divided into 22 parts and 8 schedules, but now contains 442 articles divided into 22 parts and 12 schedules. Some unique features include that it lays out provisions for both central and state governments, contains detailed relations between the center and states, gives special status to some states, establishes a parliamentary democracy, declares fundamental rights and citizens' duties, contains directive principles for a welfare state, has provisions for an independent judiciary, and establishes India as a secular state. It also reserves seats for scheduled castes and tribes and provides for village-level Panchayati Raj self-governance.

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imverypro
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Some Special Features of the Indian Constitution

1. The Constitution of India is the lengthiest and the most comprehensive of all the
written Constitutions of the world.

2. Originally the Constitution consisted of 395 Articles divided into 22 parts and 8
Schedules.

3. Now it consists of about 442 Articles divided into 22 parts and 12 Schedules.

4. Unlike the federal Constitutions of the USA and Australia the Indian Constitution
lays down provisions relating to the Governmental machinery not only in the Centre but
also in the States.

5. The Indian Constitution provides for matters of administrative detail. >- The
Constitution contains detailed provisions relating to Centre-State relations including the
emergency provisions.

6. Special status has been given to Jammu & Kashmir and some other states such as
Nagaland, Mizoram, Assam, Gujarat etc.

7. Under the Constitution the people of India are the ultimate sovereign. The
Constitution of India establishes a parliamentary form of Government both at the Centre
and in the States.

8. The Indian Constitution, though written, is sufficiently flexible.

9. The Constitution declares certain Fundamental Rights of the individual.

10. It is a unique feature of the Indian Constitution that it makes the citizens' duties a
part of the basic law of the land.

11. One of the most important and unique features of the Indian Constitution is the
provisions of Directive Principles of State Policy to secure a truly welfare State.

12. The Indian Constitution, distributes the legislative subjects on which the Parliament
and State Legislature can enact laws under three lists viz. Union List, State List and
Concurrent List.

13. The Indian Constitution unlike other federal Constitutions provides for a single
unified judiciary with the Supreme Court at the apex, the High Courts in the middle and
the Subordinate Courts at the bottom.
14. There are provisions in the Constitution to ensure independence of judiciary.

15. The Constitution of India has adopted a balance between the American system* of
Judicial Supremacy and the British principle of Parliamentary Supremacy.

16. The most remarkable feature of the Indian Constitution is that being a federal
Constitution it acquires a unitary character during the time of emergency.

17. Under the Indian Constitution every adult above 18 years of age has been given the
right to elect representatives for the legislature without prescribing any qualification
based either on sex, property, education or the like.

18. A distinctive feature of the Indian Constitution is that it provides for the
establishment of a Secular State. Regardless of their religious beliefs, all Indian citizens
enjoy equal rights.

19. The State cannot discriminate against anyone on the ground of religion or caste, nor
can it compel anybody to pay taxes for the support of any particular religion.

20. The Indian Constitution has special reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes
and Tribes in public appointments and in educational institutions and in the Union and
State Legislatures.

21. An outstanding feature of the Constitution is Panchayati Raj. The idea for
organising village Panchayats was provided in the Constitution under Article 40 of Part
IV which received Constitutional legitimacy through the 73rd Amendment to the Indian
Constitution.

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