Example 1: Determination of effective flange width page 1 /2
Ref. Calculations Output
A floor system consists of a slab 100 mm thick cast integrally on beams as shown in
the figure below. The beam size 250 mm x 600 mm are continuously spanning 6 m
between columns. Determine the effective width of beam A and B.
Specification
Beam: Size 250 x 600 mm b AB = 3000 mm
Span 6000 mm Continuous b BC = 3500 mm
Solution
5.3.2.1 Beam A
bw = 250 mm
b1 = (3000 - 250) 2
= 1375 mm
b2 = (0 - 250) 2
= 0 mm
lo = 0.7 l = 0.7 x 6000
= 4200 mm
b eff,i = 0.2b i + 0.1l o ≤ 0.2l o
b eff,1 = 0.2b 1 + 0.1l o = 0.2 x 1375 + 0.1 x 4200
= 695 mm < 0.2l o = 840 mm
→ b eff,1 = 695 mm
b eff,2 = 0.2b 2 + 0.1l o = 0.2 x 1375 + 0.1 x 0
= 0 mm < 0.2l o = 840 mm
→ b eff,2 = 0 mm
b = b1+b2 + bw
= 1375 + 0+ 250 = 1625 mm
Effective flange width,
b eff = ∑ b eff,i + b w ≤ b
= 695 + 0+ 250 = 945 mm
< 1625 mm
→ b eff = 945 mm
Example 1: Determination of effective flange width page 2 /2
Ref. Calculations Output
5.3.2.1 Beam B
bw = 250 mm
b1 = (3000 - 250 ) 2
= 1375 mm
b2 = (3500 - 250 ) 2
= 1625 mm
lo = 0.7 l = 0.7 x 6000
= 4200 mm
b eff,i = 0.2b i + 0.1l o ≤ 0.2l o
b eff,1 = 0.2b 1 + 0.1l o = 0.2 x 1375 + 0.1 x 4200
= 695 mm < 0.2l o = 840 mm
b
→ eff,1 = 695 mm
b eff,2 = 0.2b 2 + 0.1l o = 0.2 x 1625 + 0.1 x 4200
= 745 mm < 0.2l o = 840 mm
→ b eff,2 = 745 mm
b = b1+b2 + bw
= 1375 + 1625 + 250 = 3250 mm
Effective flange width,
b eff = ∑ b eff,i + b w ≤ b
= 695 + 745 + 250 = 1690 mm
< 3250 mm
→ b eff = 1690 mm
Example 2: Flanged Section (Neutral axis in the flange) page 1 /1
Ref. Calculations Output
Specification
b
hf
b = 800 mm
d hf = 100 mm
d = 400 mm
bw = 250 mm
bw
2
Chac. strength of concrete, f ck = 25 N/mm
2
Chac. strength of steel, f yk = 500 N/mm
Bending Moment, M = 250 kNm
Determine the area of reinforcement required
Solution
Mf = 0.567f ck bh f (d - 0.5h f)
= 0.567 x 25 x 800 x 100 ( 400 - 50 )
= 397 kNm > M = 250 kNm
→ Neutral axis in the flange
K = M / f ckbd 2
2
= 250 x 106 / ( 25 x 800 x 400 )
= 0.078
K < K bal = 0.167
→ Compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm
z = d [ 0.5 + 0.25 - K /1.134) ]
= 0.93 d < 0.95 d
Area of tension reinforcement
As = M / 0.87 f yk z
6
= 250 x 10 (0.87 x 500 x 0.93 x 400 )
2
= 1552 mm Use : 5H 20
2
( 1571 mm )
Example 3: Flanged Section (Neutral axis in the web - Singly) page 1 /1
Ref. Calculations Output
Specification
b
hf
b = 500 mm
d hf = 100 mm
d = 400 mm
bw = 200 mm
bw
2
Chac. strength of concrete, f ck = 25 N/mm
2
Chac. strength of steel, f yk = 500 N/mm
Bending Moment, M = 250 kNm
Determine the area of reinforcement required
Solution
Mf = 0.567f ck bh f (d - 0.5h f)
= 0.567 x 25 x 500 x 100 ( 400 - 50 )
= 248 kNm < M = 250 kNm
→ Neutral axis in the web
Bf = 0.167(b w/b ) + 0.567(h f/d )(1 - b w/b )(1 - h f/2d ) *(b w/b ) = 0.40
= ( 0.167 x 0.40)+ (0.567 x 0.25) x 0.60 x 0.88 *(h f/d ) = 0.25
= 0.141
M bal = B f f ck bd 2
2
= 0.141 ( 25 x 500 x 400 )
= 282.4 kNm > M = 250 kNm
→ Compression reinforcement is not required
Area of tension reinforcement
As = M + 0.1 f ck b wd (0.36d - h f) * 0.36d - h f = 44.0
0.87 f yk (d - h f/ 2)
= 250 x 106 +0.1 ( 25 x 200 x 400 x 44.0 )
0.87 x 500 x ( 400 - 50 )
= 1700 mm2
Use : 6H 20
2
( 1885 mm )
Example 4: Flanged Section (Neutral axis in the web - Doubly) page 1 /1
Ref. Calculations Output
Specification
b
d' = 50 mm
d' hf
b = 700 mm
d hf = 100 mm
d = 500 mm
bw = 225 mm
bw
2
Chac. strength of concrete, f ck = 25 N/mm
2
Chac. strength of steel, f yk = 500 N/mm
Bending Moment, M = 580 kNm
Determine the area of reinforcement required
Solution
Mf = 0.567f ck bh f (d - 0.5h f)
= 0.567 x 25 x 700 x 100 ( 500 - 50 )
= 447 kNm < M = 580 kNm
→ Neutral axis in the web
Bf = 0.167(b w/b ) + 0.567(h f/d )(1 - b w/b )(1 - h f/2d ) *(b w/b ) = 0.32
= ( 0.167 x 0.32)+ (0.567 x 0.20) x 0.68 x 0.90 *(h f/d ) = 0.20
= 0.123
M bal = B f f ck bd 2
2
= 0.123 ( 25 x 700 x 500 )
= 537.8 kNm < M = 580 kNm
→ Compression reinforcement is required
Area of tension reinforcement * 0.167f ckb wd
A s' = (M - M bal) / 0.87 f yk (d - d' ) = 469687.5
= (580 - 538) x106 (0.87x 500 x (500 - 50 ) * 0.567f ckh f (b - b w)
= 215 mm2 = 673313
As = 0.167f ckb wd + 0.567f ckh f (b - b w) Use : 2H 12
+ A s' 2
0.87 f yk ( 226 mm )
= 469688 + 673313
+ 215
0.87 x 500
= 2843 mm2
Example 5: Flanged Section (Neutral axis in the web - Doubly) page 1 /2
Ref. Calculations Output
Specification
b
d' = 50 mm
d' hf
b = 800 mm
d hf = 100 mm
d = 550 mm
bw = 250 mm
bw
Compression bar: 2 H12 As = 226 mm2
2
Tension bar 6 H25 As = 2946 mm
2
Chac. strength of concrete, f ck = 25 N/mm
2
Chac. strength of steel, f yk = 500 N/mm
Determine the moment of resistance
Solution
Assuming initially that the steel stres f st is the design
yield value 0.87f yk and neutral axis in the web
b
Fsc
hf x 0.8x Fcc2
Fcc1
d z2 z1 z
Fst
bw
Section Stress
Forces
F cc1 = 0.454 f ckb wx = 0.454 x 25 x 250 (x)
= 2838 x N
F cc2 = 0.567f ck(b-b w)h f = 0.567 x 25 x 550 x 100
= 779625 N
F sc = 0.87 f yk A s = 0.87 x 500 x 226
= 98310 N
F st = 0.87 f yk A s = 0.87 x 500 x 2946
= 1281510 N
Example 5: Flanged Section (Neutral axis in the web - Doubly) page 2 /2
Ref. Calculations Output
Equilibrium of forces
F st = F cc1 + F cc2 + F sc
1281510 = 2838 x + 779625 + 98310
x = 142.2 mm > hf = 100 mm
→ NA in the web
Lever arm
z = d - 0.4x = (550 - 56.9) = 493 mm
z1 = d - d' = (550 - 50.0) = 500 mm
z2 = d - 0.5h f = (550 - 50.0) = 500 mm
Moment of resistance
M = F cc1 . z + F sc . z 1 + F cc2 . z 2
= [(2838 x 142 x 493) + ( 98310 x 500)
+ (779625 x 500) ] x 10-6
= 638 kNm
