Flexural Design
CSE30310- Design of Concrete structures
—Peilin LI
E-mail: [email protected]
Problems of Flexure design
1. Analysis:
a) Known: Ast
b) Unknown: M
2. Design:
a) Known: M
b) Unknown: Ast
3. Value of the depth of neutral axis:
a) Design value: < 0.5d (more conservative)
b) Nominal value (actual value): < 0.617d (the tensile and
compressive reinforcement have yielded)
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Structural type
1. Rectangular beam
a) Singly reinforcement
b) Doubly reinforcement
2. T-beam
a) Singular reinforcement
b) Doubly reinforcement
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1 Design a singly reinforced rectangular section
Known: M
Unknown: Ast
Step 1: Check if compression
reinforcement is required
Step 2: Calculate z
Step 3: Calculate the
required reinforcement Area
2@25+1@20 = 1296 mm2 or
2@25+1@16 = 1183 mm2
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2 Analyze a singly reinforced rectangular section
Known: Ast
Unknown: M
Step 1: Assume Equilibrium
Step 2: Calculate s and x
steel yields
Moment of Resistance of the section:
Step 3: Calculate Moment of M Fst z 0.87 f y As ( d s / 2) 0.87 500 1470(520 189.5 / 2) 10 6
Resistance M
271.9kNm
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3 Design a doubly reinforced rectangular section
Known: M The section shown in figure is to resist an ultimate design moment of 285 kN
Unknown: Ast m. The characteristic material strengths are fy = 500 N/mm2 and fcu = 25
N/mm2. Determine the areas of reinforcement required.
25
Step 1: Check if compression
reinforcement is required
220
220 0.23
Step 2: Calculate x, z
500
2@20 = 628 mm2
Step 3: Calculate the
required reinforcement Area
2@32+1@20 = 1922 mm2
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4 Analyze a doubly reinforced rectangular section
Known: Ast
Unknown: M
Step 1: Assume Equilibrium
Step 2: Calculate s and z
steel yields
Step 3: Calculate the moment
capacity of section
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4 Analyze a doubly reinforced rectangular section
Known: Ast
Unknown: M
Step 1: Assume Equilibrium
Step 2: Calculate s and z
steel yields
Step 3: Calculate the moment
capacity of section
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Exercise 1
Q1: Design a rectangular beam to take an ultimate load moment of 150 kNm, whose overall depth (h) is limited to
400 mm, and b = 225 mm. Assume that fcu = 25 N/mm2, fy = 500 N/mm2, and that the difference between effective
depth (d) and overall depth (h) is 50 mm. Assume d’ = 50 mm if applicable in any case. Also check area of steel
for minimum requirement according to HK2013 Table 9.1. Show the details of reinforcement in the x-section for
both parts.
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5 Design a singly reinforced flanged section
Design of singly reinforced flanged section depends on
(I) If s < hf or (II) s > hf
1. Exact method
1) Calculate the area of reinforcement required.
2) Determine the depth of the web in compression(sw)
（ z2 =
M
d-hf-sw/2 ）
3) s = hf + sw, check whether the tension reinforcement yielded.
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5 Design a singly reinforced flanged section
2. Conservative method
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5 Design a singly reinforced flanged section
Exact Method
Known: M
Unknown: Ast
Step 1: Check if stress block
lies within flange
Step 2: Calculate s(), x, z
Step 3: Check if compression
reinforcement is required
Step 4: Calculate the
required reinforcement Area
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5 Design a singly reinforced flanged section
Exact Method
Known: M
Unknown: Ast
Step 1: Check if stress block
lies within flange
Step 2: Calculate s(), x, z
Step 3: Check if compression
reinforcement is required
Step 4: Calculate the
required reinforcement Area
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6 Analyze a singly reinforced flanged section
Known: Ast Determine the ultimate moment of resistance of the T-beam section
Unknown: M shown in figure given =30 N/mm2 and = 500 N/mm2
Step 1: Check whether the
neutral axis is below the flange
Step 2: Assume the force
equilibrium
Since Fst > Fcf it means s > hf and the force in the web needs to be calculated
Step 3: Get the value of x, s
and z
steel yields
Step 4: Calculate the moment
capacity of section
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7 Design a doubly reinforced flanged section
Conservative method
Known: M
Unknown: Ast
Step 1: Design of a flanged
section with x= d/2
Step 2: Calculate
Step 3: Check if compression
reinforcement is required
Step 4: Calculate the
required reinforcement Area
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Exercise 2
Q2: Determine the ultimate moment of resistance of an isolated T-beam, shown in Fig.1. The effective depth of
beam is 580 mm. Assume fcu = 25 MPa and fy = 500 MPa.
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Summary
1. Find neutral axis (find s and x).
2. Force equilibrium or moment equilibrium.
3. In design problem, assume the reinforcement has yielded
first.
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Assignment 1
1. Questions 1 and 2 have been addressed in Tutorial 2.
2. Question 3 is designed for self-study.
3. Only Question 4 should be submitted electronically via the BB system.
3. The deadline for Assignment 1 is 28th Feb.
Note: Late submission is not allowed.
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End of Tutorial 2
——Peilin LI
E-mail: [email protected]
