Syncope
Dr Najid Nangin
Pegawai Perubatan
Pusat Kesihatan Universiti
Definition
• Sudden, transient loss of
consciousness and postural tone
with spontaneous recovery
• usually caused by generalized
cerebral or brainstem
hypoperfusion.
Cardiogenic Non-cardiogenic
Dysrhythmia Peripheral vasvascular
hypovolemia
Outflow obstruction Vasovagal
Etiology
(Pulm Embolism, Pulm
HTN)
Myocardial infarction Cerebrovascular
disorders
Valvular disease (aortic CNS
valve stenosis
Metabolic disturbances
(Alcohol intoxication)
“common faint”
Occur in 1/3 population
Most common form of non-cardiogenic syncope
Vasovagal
syncope Triggered by dehydration + upright position
Other trigger: seeing blood, getting injection, standing up quickly,
standing upright for long time, blood donation, emotional stress
Recover from fainting quickly, often within seconds, without any
lasting effect
Situational syncope
Coughing,
Pressure on chest Defecating
sneezing, laughing
Blowing a brass
Urinating Sudden abd pain instrument or
lifting weight
Feeling that you are abtout to faint
Lightheaded or nauseated
Pre-syncope Visual “gray out” or trouble hearing
Palpitation
Feel weak or suddenly sweaty
Syncope is cardiogenic until
proven otherwise if:
Sudden loss of consciousness with no
warning or prodrome
Syncope is accompanied by
chest pain
Self Other people
Lie down or sit Check for DRSABCD
down
Donʼt get up Position the person on the
too quickly back
Raise the person leg above
the heart level
First Aids Prop up patient
Loosen clothing (belts,
collars, tight cloth)
Ensure plenty of fresh air
Treat any injury resulting
from a fall
ACVPU Scale
(Level of
Consciousness
assessment)
Important
Steps!!!
