Acing

Understand the Basic

Ultimate Prep
Concepts of Algebra I, II, With
Geometry, Statistics,
and Trigonometry. Learn
faisal Aftab
Problem Solving 0333-4276296

the
Techniques.

This book covers all of the math

New
concepts you need to know for t
New SAT, organized in twenty ch

Created
by subject, so you can focus on ar
you find especially challenging.

Important vocabularies, definition

and formulas are in the beginning o for the
each section to teach you as dire
New SAT

SAT
and clearly as possible. Accomp
examples and solutions show you h
to apply your knowledge. Exam!
A set of exercises in each section, a
chapter test at the end of each cha
with detailed step-by-step solut
3 Full-Length
Practice Tests
These realistic practice tests give yo
practical preparation, helping yo
comfortable with the New SAT exa
20 Chapter Tests

Math
Complete answers and explanat
help you identify weaknesses an
maximum benefits out of the prac

Hundreds of
Examples and
Exercises
$14.00
ISBN 978-0-9754753-6-2
 Acing the
New SAT Math

by faisal Aftab
GREENHALL PUBLISHING
 CONTENTS

To the Students vi

Part A – Math Review

I. Heart of Algebra
Chapter 1: The Language and Tools of Algebra 1

1-1 Variables and Expressions

1-2 Exponents and Order of Operations
1-3 Simplifying Algebraic Expressions
1-4 Rational, Irrational, and Decimal
Chapter 1 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 7

Chapter 2: Solving Linear Equations 9

2-1 Writing Equations

2-2 Solving Equations
2-3 Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides
2-4 Equations with No Solution and Identity
2-5 Solving for a Specific Variable
Chapter 2 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 16

Chapter 3: Functionsand Linear Equations 17

3-1 Relations and Functions

3-2 Rate of Change and Slope
3-3 Slope-Intercept Form and Point-Slope Form
3-4 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
3-5 Solving Systems of Linear Equations
3-6 Absolute Value Equations
Chapter 3 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 25

Chapter 4: Linear Inequalities and Graphs 27

4-1 Solving Inequalities

4-2 Compound and Absolute Value Inequalities
4-3 Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables
4-4 Graphing Systems of Inequalities
Chapter 4 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 33
ii • Contents

Chapter 5: Word Problems in Real-Life Situation 35

5-1 Solving Word Problems Using Linear Models

5-2 Solving Word Problems with Equations
5-3 Solving Word Problems Using Systems of Equations
5-4 Solving Word Problems Using Inequalities
Chapter 5 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 42

II. Statistics and Data Analysis

Chapter 6: Ratios, Rates, and Proportions 45

6-1 Ratios and Rates

6-2 Proportions
6-3 Ratios, Rates, and Proportions Word Problems
Chapter 6 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 50

Chapter 7: Percents 51

7-1 Percent of Change

7-2 Percents and Equations
7-3 Percent Word Problems
Chapter 7 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 56

Chapter 8: Statistics 57

8-1 Mean, Median, Mode, and Range

8-2 Standard Deviation
8-3 Graphical Displays
8-4 Scatter Plots
8-5 Populations, Samples, and Random Selection
Chapter 8 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 64

Chapter 9: Categorical Data and Probability 65

9-1 Permutations and Combinations

9-2 Rules of Probability
9-3 Categorical Data and Conditional Probabilities
Chapter 9 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 70
 Contents • iii

III. Advanced Math

Chapter 10: Law of Exponents and Polynomials 73

10-1 Laws of Exponents and Scientific Notation

10-2 Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Polynomials
10-3 FOIL Method and Special Products
10-4 Prime Factorization, GCF, and LCM
10-5 Factoring Using the Distributive Property
Chapter 10 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 80

Chapter 11: Quadratic Functions 81

11-1 Graphs of Quadratic Equations

11-2 Factoring Trinomials
11-3 Factoring Differences of Squares and Perfect Square Trinomials
11-4 Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square
11-5 Quadratic Formula and the Discriminant
11-6 Solving Systems Consisting Linear and Quadratic Equations
Chapter 11 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 89

Chapter 12: Composition, Recursion, and Exponential Functions 91

12-1 Composition of Functions

12-2 Recursive Formula
12-3 Exponential Functions and Graphs
12-4 Exponential Growth and Decay
Chapter 12 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 97

Chapter 13: Polynomial and Radical Functions 99

13-1 Polynomial Functions and Their Graphs

13-2 Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem
13-3 Radical Expressions
13-4 Solving Radical Equations
13-5 Complex Numbers
Chapter 13 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 106
iv • Contents

Chapter 14: Rational Expressions 107

14-1 Rational Expressions

14-2 Solving Rational Equations
14-3 Direct, Inverse, and Joint Variation
14-4 Solving Word Problems Using Rational Equations
Chapter 14 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 113

Chapter 15: Trigonometric Functions 115

15-1 Trigonometric Ratios of Acute Angles

15-2 The Radian Measure of an Angle
15-3 Trigonometric Functions of General Angles and the Unit Circle
Chapter 15 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 120

IV. Geometry
Chapter 16: Lines and Angles 123
16-1 Lines, Segments, and Rays
16-2 Angles
16-3 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Chapter 16 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations to Exercises and Practice Test 128

Chapter 17: Triangles 129

17-1 Angles of a Triangles

17-2 Pythagorean Theorem and Special Right Triangles
17-3 Similar Triangles and Proportional Parts
17-4 Area of a Triangle
Chapter 17 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 135

Chapter 18: Polygons 137

18-1 Parallelograms
18-2 Rectangles, Squares, and Trapezoids
18-3 Regular Polygons
Chapter 18 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 142
 Contents • v

Chapter 19: Circles 143

19-1 Arcs, Angles, and Tangents

19-2 Arc Lengths and Areas of Sectors
19-3 Inscribed Angles
19-4 Arcs and Chords
19-5 Equations of Circles
Chapter 19 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 150

Chapter 20: Surface Areas and Volumes 151

20-1 Prisms
20-2 Cylinders and Spheres
20-3 Pyramids and Cones
Chapter 20 Practice Test
Answers and Explanations 156

Part B – Practice Tests

PSAT 10 Practice Test 160

Answers and Explanations 176

SAT Practice Test 1 185

Answers and Explanations 203

SAT Practice Test 2 216

Answers and Explanations 235

vi • To the Students

To the Students …
If you’re reading this, you are on your way to a better score on the New SAT math! Below are
guidelines for getting the most out of this book, as well as information about changes to the math
section of the New SAT.

Using this Book

⊙ This book helps students review and master mathematical concepts in the most concise and
straightforward manner possible.
⊙ Each of the twenty chapters in this book teaches a particular group of mathematical concepts
you need to know for the New SAT.
Each chapter contains lessons that convey key concepts along with illustrations and diagrams.
Important vocabularies are printed in boldface.
⊙ Next to the key terms and illustrations, you will find examples, with complete solutions, that
apply the application of the concepts you have just learned. Keep a pencil and sheet of paper
handy. Follow along, working out the sample questions yourself – this will help you later in
solving the practice problems.
⊙ This book is not only helpful for SAT Math, but is also a very useful supplement for high school
math courses.

Exercise Sets and Practice Tests

⊙ Each lesson includes a set of practice problems for the lesson. Each chapter includes a practice
test followed by answers and explanations, to ensure that you master the material.

PSAT and SAT Practice Tests

⊙ At the end of the book, you will find one PSAT and two SAT practice tests. For maximum benefit,
these should be taken under realistic testing-center conditions – timed and free from outside distractions.

About the New SAT Math

Content
⊙ Starting in spring of 2016, the math portion of the SAT will cover Algebra I and II, Geometry,
parts of Trigonometry, and parts of Statistics. For the new exam students must also be familiar with
materials typically taught in Algebra II, Trigonometry, and Statistics.

⊙ The math portion of the SAT will consist of two sections – one 25-minute no-calculator section
and one 55-minute calculator section., for a total of 80 minutes in math testing.
The new PSAT/NMSQT will also include the new topics, although the SAT will test for these
concepts at a higher level. The math portion of the PSAT/NMSQT will consist of two sections –
one 25-minute no-calculator section and one 45-minute calculator section, for a total of 70 minutes
in math testing.

⊙ Math questions on the SAT and PSAT fall into two main categories: multiple choice (with four
answer choices given) and student produced response questions. Student produced response
questions, commonly referred to as “grid-ins,” require students to formulate their own answers, then
enter the numeric values into a special grid. Multiple choice questions have no penalty for guessing!
 vii • To the Students

SAT PSAT

No-Calculator Section Number of Time Number of Time

Questions Allocated Questions Allocated
Multiple Choice (MC) 15 13

Student-Produced Response (SPR - Grid-In) 5 25 minutes 4 25 minutes

Sub Total 20 17

Calculator Section Number of Time Number of Time

Questions Allocated Questions Allocated
Multiple Choice (MC) 30 27

Student-Produced Response (SPR - Grid-In) 8 55 minutes 4 45 minutes

Sub Total 38 31

Total 58 80 minutes 48 70 minutes

Study Timetable
⊙ As with any test, students will see the best results by studying consistently over at least several
weeks before the exam date, rather than trying to cram and learn “test tricks” in a day or two.
Students studying an hour a day over two months should be more than able to finish all the
exercises in this book. The clear subject organization by chapter means you can focus your
efforts and spend more time on topics you are struggling with. While chapters can be broken up
over a couple sessions, students should finish each practice test in one uninterrupted sitting.

Calculators
⊙ Students may use a four-function, scientific, or graphing calculator during the SAT exam
(calculators with QWERTY keyboard are not allowed). Use of a calculator is highly
recommended, though most of the problems can be solved without one. Becoming comfortable
with your calculator during test preparation will help you use this tool to solve problems more
quickly and efficiently during the actual exam.

Scoring
⊙ Scores on the math portion of the SAT range from 200 to 800. An average score on the math
section is about 500, but this can vary with each individual test. Consult the College Board Web
site (www.collegeboard.com) for further specifics.

Signing Up for the SAT

⊙ Students can register online for the SAT at the College Board Web site. Students can also pick
up registration packets at their high schools and sign up via snail mail. Generally the registration
deadlines are a little over a month before the actual testing date. Late registrations incur
additional fees.

This book was written to be a straightforward study guide for the New SAT Math. There are
no shortcuts or gimmicks, but taking the time to work through this book should leave you feeling
confident and well prepared for the test.

Good luck!
 | PART A |

Math Review
I. Heart of Algebra
II. Statistics and Data Analysis
III. Advanced Math
IV. Geometry
 I. Arithmetic and Algebra
Chapter 1: The language and Tools of Algebra
Chapter 2: Solving Linear Equations
Chapter 3: Functions and Linear Equations
Chapter 4: Linear Inequalities and Graphs
Chapter 5: Word Problems in Real-Life Situation
 1
Chapter 1

Exercise - Variables and Expressions

1 4
Twice the product of m and n decreased by the Mario received y text messages each minute
square of the sum of m and n . for 10 minutes yesterday and received t text
messages each minute for 20 minutes today.
Which of the following is an expression for the What is the total number of text messages he
statement above? received for two days in terms of y and t ?

A) 2mn − (m 2 + n 2 ) A) 30 yt

B) 2mn − (m + n) 2 B) 200 yt

C) (m + n) 2 − 2mn C) 20 y + 10t

D) 10 y + 20t
D) (m 2 + n 2 ) − 2mn

2 5

The product of a number x and four decreased Which of the following expressions represents
by twelve. the product of 3k and the sum of m and
one third of n ?
Which of the following is an expression for the
statement above? 1
A) 3km + n
3
A) 4 x + 12
1
B) 4( x + 12) B) 3k ⋅ (m + n)
3
C) 4( x − 12)
1
C) 3k (m + n)
D) 4 x − 12 3
1
D) 3k (m + n + )
3 3

The quotient of 19 and a number d increased

by seven.
6
Which of the following is an expression for the The difference between two numbers is eight.
statement above? If the smaller number is n to the third power
what is the greater number?
19
A) +7
d A) n3 − 8
d B) n3 + 8
B) +7
19
C) 8 − n3
19 + d
C)
7 D) 8n3

d +7
D)
19

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 2
Chapter 1

Exercise - Exponents and Order of Operations

1 5

[(7 2 − 9) ÷ 8]2 = 2c 2 (b + a )
What is the value of ( ) − 10 ×
a c
if a = −2 , b = 3 , and c = 5 ?

2 6

24 − 7 What is the value of 9 − 2 x ÷ ( z − y )3 if x = 4 ,

19 − 3[20 − × 8] =
4 y = −1 , and z = −3 ?

3 7

72 ÷ 32 ⋅ 2 7 ÷ ( q ) 2 ⋅ 2 − p + 6q − r
= What is the value of ⋅
6 2p −q
1
if p = 4 , q = , and r = 2 ?
2

4 8
1 c − 2(a + b) 1
53 − (12 + 12 ÷ 3) = What is the value of if a = − ,
2 (c − a ) 2
2
3 5
b= , and c = ?
2 2

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 3
Chapter 1

Exercise - Simplifying Algebraic Expressions

1 4
Which of the following expressions is equivalent Which of the following expressions is equivalent
2 1 to a (b − c) − b(a + c) − c(a − b) ?
to (a 2 − a − 3) + (a 2 + 2a + 6) ?
3 3
A) bc
A) a 2 B) 2ac
B) a 2 + a C) −2bc
C) a 2 − a D) −2ac

D) a 2 − 1

2 5
Which of the following expressions is equivalent Which of the following expressions is NOT
to 5.4( x − 2 y ) − 2.7( x − 3 y ) ? equivalent to 3[6a − 3(1 − a ) − 5(a + 1)] ?

A) 2.7( x + y ) A) 12a − 24

B) 2.7( x − y ) 1
B) 24(a − )
2
C) 2.7 x + 3.6 y
C) 12(a − 2)
D) 2.7 x − 3.6 y
1
D) 24( a − 1)
2

3 6
Which of the following expressions is equivalent
Which of the following expressions is NOT
1 3
to (2a + 3b + 4c) − (b + 2c) ? 2 1
2 2 equivalent to p − (2 p − 3q ) − ( p + 4q ) ?
3 3

A) a − 3c 2
A) − ( p − q )
B) a + 5c 3
C) a + c 2 2
B) − p+ q
D) a − c 3 3
2
C) − ( p + q )
3
1
D) − (2 p − 2q )
3

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 4
Chapter 1

Exercise – Rational, Irrational, and Decimal

1 4
Which of the following shows the numbers Which of the following is an irrational number?
arranged in increasing order?
A) −1.2
2
A) − 3, − 5, , 4, 10 4
3 B)
3
2
B) − 3, − 5, , 10, 4 C) − 16
3
D) − 10
2
C) −5, − 3, , 10, 4
3
2
D) , − 3, 10, 4, − 5 5
3
Which of the following is a rational number?

A) 1.6

49
B)
2 64

11 − 2(2 − 0.82 ) + 24 ÷ (−4) = C) 0.9

D) − 250
A) 1.68
B) 2.28
C) 2.78
6
D) 3.18
In three plays, a football team loses 5 yards and
then gains 32 yards by completing a pass. Then
a penalty was called and the team lost 10 yards.
How many yards did the team actually gain?

3
To the nearest cents, what is the value of
$500(1 + 0.045)8 − $500(1 + 0.04)8 ? 7

A B C
A) $25.45
−1.25 −0.4 x
B) $26.00
C) $26.77 On the number line above, if BC = 2 AB what
is the value of x ?
D) $28.25

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 5
The Language and Tools of Algebra

Chapter 1 Practice Test

1 4
Two less than the quotient of three and 5 1
What number is halfway between − and on
a number n 6 3
a number line?
Which of the following is an expression for the
statement above? 1
A) −
4
n
A) 2 −
3 1
B) −
3
n
B) −2
3 1
C) −
2
3
C) −2
n 5
D) −
12
3
D) 2 −
n

2 5
What is 4.4985 rounded to the nearest hundredth?
How much greater than n − 11 is n + 3 ?
A) 4.49
A) 8
B) 4.498
B) 10
C) 4.499
C) 12
D) 4.50
D) 14

3 6

Johnny received m text messages on Friday, three Which of the following expressions is equivalent
less than twice as many text messages on Saturday 1 1
to 3a + (b − 2c) − (2a + 3b) ?
than on Friday, and five more text messages on 2 2
Sunday than on Saturday. What is the total number
of text messages he received over the three days? 3 1
A) a− b−c
2 2
A) 4m + 2
3
B) 5m − 1 B) a+b−c
2
C) 4m − 2
C) 2a − b − c
D) 5m + 1
D) 2a + b − c

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 6
Chapter 1

7 10
How many minutes are there in 2h hours and x x x
6m minutes? If x = 10 , what is the value of + + ?
2 20 200

A) 60h + 12m
B) 120h + 6m
C) 60h + 6m
D) 120h + 60m

8 11
1. Add 5 to a number n . If x and y are positive integers and
2. Divide by 8. 2x + 5 y =
18 , what is the value of x ?
3. Subtract by 1.
4. Multiply by 8.

When the sequence of operations above has been

completed in order, which of the following is an
expression for the statement above?

A) n − 1
B) n − 2
C) n − 3
D) n − 4

9 12
Which of the following expressions is equivalent If a = 3 , b = −1 , and c = −2 , what is the value
to (2 y − x) − 2( y − 2 z ) − 4( x + z ) ?
a − 12 ÷ (2 − b)
of 7 − ?
c+3
A) −3x
B) −5x
C) −3 x + 8 z
D) −5 x − 8 z

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 7
Answers and Explanations

Answer Key
Section 1-1
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C
6. B
Section 1-2
1. 10 2. 13 3. 8/3 4. 117 5. 23
1
6. 10 7. 42 8.
18
Section 1-3
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. B
6. C
Section 1-4
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B
6. 17 7. 1.3

Chapter 1 Practice Test

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D
6. C 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. 5.55
11. 4 12. 8

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 8

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 9
Chapter 2

Exercise - Writing Equations

1 6
Eighteen more than the number n is 125. The sum of three fourths of the number a
What is the value of n ? and 24 is negative 9. What is the value of a ?

A) −44
B) −20
C) 20
2 D) 44
Twenty is 7 less than twice the number w .
What is the value of w ?
7

A number g is decreased by 23 and then

1
multiplied by . The result is 8 more than
2
twice the number g .

3
A) −13
Nine less than twice x is three more than x .
What is the value of x ? 34
B) −
3
29
C) −
3
D) −8

4
Eight less than four times the number c is twenty. 8
What is the value of c ?
The quotient of p and q is twelve less than
three times the sum of p and q .

Which of the following equations represents the

statement above?

p
5 A) = (3 p + q ) − 12
q
The sum of four consecutive odd integers is 296 .
What is the greatest of the four consecutive odd p
B) =12 − (3 p + q )
integers? q

p
C) = 3( p + q ) − 12
q

p
D) =12 − 3( p + q )
q

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 10
Chapter 2

Exercise - Solving Equations

1 6
−11 + x =9 Two and three fifths of a number equals −26 .
What is the number?
Given the above equation, what is the value of
20 − (11 − x) ?
A) −15
B) −10
C) −5
D) 10

2
If 33 − a = a + 27 − 5a , what is the value of
33 + 3a ? 7
There are one hundred forty-two students in a high
school band. These students represent two ninth
of the total students in the high school. How many
students attend the school?

A) 587
3
B) 613
1 3
If x + 3 = − x , what is the value of x ? C) 639
2 4
D) 665

8
4
820c + 380r =
4,360
If x − (3 − 2 x) + (4 − 5 x) =−7 , what is the value
of x ? The above equation models the amount of calories
in a snack of c cups of cashews and r cups of
raisins. The amount of calories per cup of cashews
is 820 and the amount of calories per cup of raisins
is 380. According to the equation, how many cups
of raisins are used, if 3 cups of cashews are used to
make the snack?
5
A) 3
If three quarters of a number decreased by twenty
is equal to eighty two, what is that number? B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 11
Chapter 2

Exercise - Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides

1 5
If 7 n + 3 = 2n − 12 , what is the value of −n + 3 ? A $48 shirts costs $22 more than one half the cost
of a pair of pants. How much does the pair of pants
cost?

2 6

3 Twice a number n , increased by 11 is the same

If 7(h − 5) − 3h =h , what is the value as six times the number decreased by 9. What is
2
the value of n ?
1
of h ?
7

3 7
r s 39 One half of a number increased by 3 is five less
+ =
3 11 33 than two thirds of the number.

Given the above equation, if s = 2 , what is the

value of r ?

4 8

9 − 2k Four times the greatest of three consecutive odd

If = k − 2 , what is the value of k ? integers exceeds three times the least by 31.
3 What is the greatest of the three consecutive
odd integers?

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 12
Chapter 2

Exercise - Equation with No Solution and Identity

1 5
1 What is the value of n
If (9 − 6 x) =−
5 2 x , what is the value of x ?
3 7 3
if − (2n − 3) + 4n= (5 + 2n) ?
2 2
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) The equation has no solution.

2 6

If 5( x − 2) − 3 x = 2( x − 5) , which of the following What is the value of k

must be true? 13 − 7(k + 1)
if = 3k − 2 ?
3
A) x is 3 .
B) x is 4 .
C) x is 5 .
D) The equation is true for all values of x .

3 7

1 What is the value of x

(15 − 6 x) =−
5 ax if −2[3 − ( x − 4)] + 5 x =2 − x ?
3
If the linear equation above is an identity, what
is the value of a ?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

4 8
4 x + 13 = 7( x − 2) + bx What is the value of m
if 0.4(5m − 9) =−5m − 4(0.3 − m) ?
If the linear equation above has no solution,
which of the following could be the value of b ?

A) −1
B) −2
C) −3
D) −4

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 13
Chapter 2

Exercise - Solving for a Specific Variable

1 4
If 2 x + 3 y =
18 , which of the following gives y ab − 1
If = c , which of the following gives b
in terms of x ? 3
in terms of the other variables?
2
A) y= 6 + x
3 3c + 1
A) b =
a
2
B) y= 6 − x
3 3c − 1
B) b =
a
3
C) y= 6 + x
2 3c
C) =
b +1
a
3
D) y= 6 − x
2 3c
D) =
b −1
a

2 5
If P= 2l + 2 w , which of the following gives w If gh − f = g − h , which of the following gives g
in terms of P and l ? in terms of the other variables?

A) w= P − 2l f +h
A) g =
B) w= P − l h −1
f −h
C) w=
P
−l B) g =
2 h +1

l f +h
D) w= P − C) g =
2 h +1
f −h
D) g =
3 h −1

a
If c = , which of the following gives a 6
a+b
in terms of b and c ? If n =a + (k − 1)d , which of the following
gives k in terms of the other variables?
bc
A) a =
1− c n − a +1
A) k =
d
bc
B) a =
1+ c n + a −1
B) k =
d
bc
C) a =
b−c n−a−d
C) k =
d
bc
D) a =
b+c n−a+d
D) k =
d

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 14
Solving Linear Equations

Chapter 2 Practice Test

1 4
5 4 1
If x = , what is the value of x ? =P F ( v 2 + 1)
6 5 2

The above equation gives pressure P, which

3
A) is exerted by a fluid that is forced to stop
2 moving. The pressure depends on the initial
2 force, F , and the speed of the fluid, v . Which
B) of the following expresses the square of the
3
velocity in terms of the pressure and the force?
24
C)
25 A) v 2 = 2( P − F ) − 1
25
D) B) v 2 = 2( P − F − 1)
24
P
C)=
v 2 2( ) − 1
F
P−F
D) v 2 = 2( )
2 F

When one half of the number n is decreased

by 4, the result is −6 . What is three times n
added to 7?

A) −7 5
B) −5 One half of the number n increased by 10 is the
C) −3 same as four less than twice the number.

D) −1
Which of the following equations represents the
statement above?

1
A) (n + 10) = 2(n − 4)
2
3
1
B) n + 10 = 2(n − 4)
If 4 − 7x is 5 less than 23, what is the value 2
of 3x ?
1
C) n + 10 = 2n − 4
2
A) −12
1
B) −9 D) (n + 10) = 2n − 4
2
C) −6
D) −3

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 15
Chapter 2

6 9
If a is b less than one-half of c , what is b a
in terms of a and c ? If = 1 , what is the value of a − b ?
b

1
A) c−a
2
1
B) a − c
2
C) 2a − c
10
D) c − 2a
When an object is thrown from the ground into
the air with an initial upward speed of v0 meters
per second, the speed v , in meters per second,
is given by the equation = v v0 − 9.8t , where t
is the time in seconds. The speed of an object
7 becomes 0 when the object reaches its maximum
If x = 1 − y and 3 x= 8 − 5 y , what is the value height. If an object is thrown upward with an initial
speed of 14 m/sec , how many seconds does it
of x ?
taken an to reach its maximum height?
(Round your answer to the nearest hundredth of
A) −2 a second.)
3
B) −
2
1
C) −
2
5
D)
2

11
When an object is dropped from a height of s
feet above the ground, the height h of the
8 object is given by the equation h = −16t 2 + s ,
where t is the time in seconds after the object
The quotient of a number and five equals nine
has dropped. If an object is dropped from a height
less than one half of the number. What is the
of 144 feet above the ground, how many seconds
number?
will it take to hit the ground?

A) −20
B) −10
C) 20
D) 30

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 16
Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 2-1
1. 107 2. 13.5 3. 12 4. 7 5. 77
6. A 7. A 8. C

Section 2-2
5
1. 29 2. 27 3. 4. 4 5. 136
2
6. B 7. C 8. C

Section 2-3
1. 6 2. 2 3. 3 4. 3 5. 52
6. 5 7. 48 8. 19

Section 2-4
1
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5.
2
3
6. 7. 2 8. 0.8
4

Section 2-5
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5.D
6. D

Chapter 2 Practice Test

1. C 2. B 3.C 4. D 5. C
6. A 7. B 8. D 9. 0 10. 1.43
11. 3

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 17
Functions and Linear Equations

Exercises - Relations and Functions

1 4
What is the domain of the function that contains 1
points at (−5, 2), (−2,1), (0, 2), and (4, −3) ? If f ( x) =−2 x + 7 , what is f ( x + 3) equal to?
2

A) − x + 1
A) {−3, 1, 2}
B) − x + 3
B) {−2, 1, 0} C) − x + 5
C) {−5, − 2, 1, 2} D) − x + 10

D) {−5, − 2, 0, 4}

g (=
x) kx3 + 3
2
For the function g defined above, k is a constant
x y
and g (−1) = 5 . What is the value of g (1) ?
−5 7
−2 −1
A) −3
2 4
5 8 B) −1
C) 1
Which of the following relation is a correct D) 3
representation of the mapping shown above?

A) {(−5, 7), (−2, −1), (2, 4), (5,8)}

6
B) {(−5,8), (−2, 7), (2, −1), (5,8)}
1
If f ( x + 1) =− x + 6 , what is the value of f (−3) ?
C) {(7, −5), (−1, −2), (4, 2), (8,5)} 2

D) {(8, −5), (7, −2), (−1, 2), (8,5)}

3
If point (7, b) is in Quadrant I and point (a, −3) 7
is in Quadrant III, in which Quadrant is the point
( a, b) ? f ( x=
) x2 − b

In the function above, b is a constant.

A) Quadrant I
If f (−2) = 7 , what is the value of f (b) ?
B) Quadrant II
C) Quadrant III
D) Quadrant IV

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 18
Functions and Linear Equations

Exercises - Rate of Change and Slope

1 3
y The graph of the linear function f passes through
(−3,3) the points (a,1) and (1, b) in the xy - plane. If the
slope of the graph of f is 1, which of the
following is true?
x
O
(0, −1)
A) a − b =
1
B) a + b =
1
C) a − b =2
What is the rate of change shown in the graph
of the line above? D) a + b =2

4
A) − 4
3
What is the slope of the line that passes through
3
B) − (3, 2) and (−1, −8) ?
4
3
C)
4
4
D)
3 5
What is the value of r if the line that passes
through (4,3) and (−5, r ) has a slope of −1 ?
2

x −3 0 3 6
y −1 1 3 5

What is the average rate of change for the relation 6

shown in the table above?
What is the value of a if the line that passes
5
1 through (a, 7) and (1, a ) has a slope of − ?
A) 9
3
1
B)
2
2 7
C)
3 − x + 4 y =6
5
D) What is the slope of the line in the equation above?
6 .

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 19
Functions and Linear Equations

Exercises - Slope-Intercept Form and Point-Slope Form

3
Questions 1-3 refer to the following information. Which of the following is the equation of the line
in standard form?
y

A) 4 x − 3 y =
−4
(−4, 2)
B) 4 x + 3 y =
−4
x C) 3 x − 4 y =
−4
O
D) 3 x + 4 y =
−4
(4, −4)

The graph of a linear equation is shown in the

diagram above. 4
In 2005, 120 students at Lincoln High School
1 had smart phones. By 2010, 345 students in the
Which of the following is the equation of the line same school had smart phones. Which of the
in point-slope form? following best describes the annual rate of change
in the number of smart phones students had from
2005 to 2010 at Lincoln High School?
4
A) y + 4 =− ( x − 4)
3
A) The average increase in the number of smart
4 phones per year is 40.
B) y − 4 =− ( x + 4)
3 B) The average increase in the number of smart
3 phones per year is 45.
C) y − 2 =− ( x + 4)
4 C) The average increase in the number of smart
phones per year is 50.
3
D) y + 2 =− ( x − 4) D) The average increase in the number of smart
4
phones per year is 55.

2
Which of the following is the equation of the line 5
in slope-intercept form? Which of the following is the equation of the
line that passes through point (4, −1) and has
3 slope −2 ?
A) y =
− x +1
4
A) x + 2 y =
2
3
B) y =
− x −1 B) x − 2 y =
6
4
4 C) 2 x − y =
9
C) y =
− x +1
3 D) 2 x + y =7
4
D) y =
− x −1
3

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

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Functions and Linear Equations

Exercises - Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

1 4
Which of the following equations represents A line passes through the points (−1, 2) and (5, b),
a line that is parallel to the line with equation and is parallel to the graph of the equation
y=
1
− x + 5 and contains the point (−2, ) ?
1 4x − 2 y = 13 . What is the value of b ?
2 2

A) x − 2 y =
−3

B) x + 2 y =
−1
5
C) 2 x − y =−5
y
D) 2 x + y =−3

(0,3)
(−4, b)

(2,0)
x
2 O

Which of the following equations represents

a line that passes through (7, 6) and is parallel (−1, −3)

to the x- axis? m 

A) x = 6 In the xy - plane above, line  is parallel to line m .

What is the value of b ?
B) y = 7

C) y = 7

D) y = 6

3 (−1, 4) t
Which of the following equations represents
a line that passes through (−5,1) and is parallel (2,1)
to the y - axis? x
O
(a, −2)

A) y = −5 (−4, −3)

B) y = 1 

C) x = −5 In the xy - plane above, if line  is perpendicular

D) x = 1 to line t , what is the value of a ?

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 21
Functions and Linear Equations

Exercises - Solving Systems of Linear Equations

1 4
Which of the following systems of equations
=
y 2x + 4
has infinitely many solutions?
x − y =−1

Which ordered pair ( x, y ) satisfies the system of A) x + y =

1
equations shown above?
x− y =
1

A) (−2, −3) B) −2 x + y =
1

B) (−3, −2) −2 x + y =
5

C) (−1, 2) 1 1
C) x− y =
1
2 3
D) (−2, 0)
3x − 2 y =
6

D) 2 x + 3 y =
1
3x − 2 y =
1
2

1
x+ y =1
2
−2 x − y =
5 5

If ( x, y ) is a solution to the system of equations ax − y =0

above, what is the value of x + y ? x − by =
1

A) −2 In the system of equations above, a and b are

constants and x and y are variables. If the system
B) −1 of equations above has no solution, what is the
C) 1 value of a ⋅ b ?
D) 2

3 6

2 x − ky =
14 1
2x − y=
15
5x − 2 y =
5 2
1
ax − y =
10
In the system of equations above, k is a constant 3
and x and y are variables. For what values of k
In the system of equations above, a is a constant
will the system of equations have no solution?
and x and y are variables. For what values of a
will the system of equations have infinitely many
solution?

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Functions and Linear Equations

Exercises - Absolute Value Equations

1 4
Which of the following expressions is equal to −1 For what value of x is 3 x − 5 =−1 ?
for some values of x ?
A) −2
A) 1 − x + 6 B) −1

B) 1 − x + 4 C) 0
D) There is no such value of x .
C) 1 − x + 2

D) 1 − x − 2

5
y

y = f ( x)

2
1
If 2 x + 7 =
5 , which of the following could be x
O
the value of x ?

A) −6
B) −4
The graph of the function f is shown in the
C) −2 xy - plane above. For what value of x is the value
D) 0 of f ( x) at its maximum?

A) −3
B) −1
C) 1
3
D) 3
For what value of x is x − 1 − 1 equal to 1 ?

A) −1
6
B) 0
C) 1 For what value of n is 3 − 3 − n equal to 3?

D) 2

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 23
Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Practice Test

1 4
Line  in the xy - plane contains points from
x −4 0 6
each of the Quadrants I, III, and IV, but no points
f ( x) −4 −1 k from Quadrant II. Which of the following must
be true?

In the table above, if f ( x) is a linear function,

A) The slope of line  is zero.
what is the value of k ?
B) The slope of line  is undefined.

A) 2.5 C) The slope of line  is positive.

B) 3 D) The slope of line  is negative.

C) 3.5
D) 4
5

x −3 −1 1 5
2
f ( x) 9 5 1 −7
1
The graph of a line in the xy - plane has slope
3
The table above shows some values of the linear
and contains the point (9,1) . The graph of a second
function f . Which of the following defines f ?
line passes through the points (−2, 4) and (5, −3) .
If the two lines intersect at (a, b) , what is the value
A) f ( x=
) 2x − 3
of a + b ?
B) f ( x) =−2 x + 3
A) −2
C) f ( x=
) 2x −1
B) 2
D) f ( x) =−2 x + 1
C) 4
D) 6

6
3
1
Which of the following expressions is equal to 0 If f ( x) =−6 x + 1 , what is f ( x − 1) equal to?
2
for some value of x ?
A) −3 x + 7
A) 5+ x+5 B) −3 x − 5
B) 5+ x −5 C) −3 x + 1
D) −3 x − 1
C) −5 + x + 5

D) −5 − x − 5

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 24
Functions and Linear Equations

Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following A line in the xy - plane passes through the point
information. 1
(1, −2) and has a slope of .Which of the
Height of a Paraglider 3
H following points lies on the line?
3,000
A) (3, −2)
Height (feet)

4
2,000 B) (2, − )
3
C) (0, −2)
1,000
8
D) (−1, − )
m
3
0 5 10 15
Time (minutes)
10
The graph above shows the relationship between the f ( x=
) ax + 2
height of paraglider H , in feet, and time m , in
minutes. In the function above, a is a constant. If
1
f (−1) =4 , what is the value of f (− ) ?
7 2
Which of the following represents the relationship
between H and m ?

A) H =
−100m + 3000
11
B) H =
−150m + 3000
If the slope of the line in the xy - plane that passes
C) H =
−175m + 3000 3
through the points (2, −4) and (6, k ) is , what
D) H =
−225m + 3000 2
is the value of k ?

8
If the height of the paraglider is 1,350 feet, which 12
of the following best approximates the time the
paraglider has been flying? 1 3
x− y = −11
3 4
A) 10 minutes 1 1
x+ y = −1
B) 10 minutes and 30 seconds 2 6
If ( x, y ) is the solution to the system of equations
C) 11 minutes
above, what is the value of x + y ?
D) 11 minutes and 30 seconds

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 25
Chapter 3

Answer Key

Section 3-1
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C
6. 8 7. 12

Section 3-2
5
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. or 2.5
2
29 1
5. 12 6. or 14.5 7. or 0.25
2 4

Section 3-3
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. D

Section 3-4
3
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. 14 5. or 1.5
2
6. 3

Section 3-5
4
1. B 2. B 3. or 0.8 4. C
5
4
5. 1 6. or 1.33
3

Section 3-6
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C
6. 3

Chapter 3 Practice Test

1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B
6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. 3
11. 2 12. 6

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Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 27
Chapter 4

Exercises - Translating Words into Inequalities

1 4
If −3 + n ≤ 25 , which inequality represents the Nine is not more than the sum of a number and 17.
possible range of values for 4n − 12 ?
Which of the following inequalities represents
the statement above?
A) 4n − 12 ≤ −100
B) 4n − 12 ≤ 100 A) 9 ≥ 17n
C) 4n − 12 ≥ −100 B) 9 ≥ n + 17
D) 4n − 12 ≥ 100 C) 9 ≤ 17n
D) 9 ≤ n + 17

2 5
Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution The product of 7 and number n is no less
1 1 7 5 than 91.
to the inequality x − > + x ?
2 3 9 2
Which of the following inequalities represents
the statement above?
7
A) −
2 A) 7 n ≤ 91
5 B) 7 n < 91
B) −
2
C) 7 n ≥ 91
3
C) − D) 7 n > 91
2
1
D) −
2

−6 −4 −2 0 2
3
Which of the following inequalities represents
If −3a + 7 ≥ 5a − 17 , what is the greatest possible the graph above?
value of 3a + 7 ?
A) n ≤ −5
A) 16
B) n < −5
B) 14
C) n ≥ −5
C) 12
D) n > −5
D) 10

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

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Chapter 4

Exercises - Compound and Absolute Value Inequalities

1 5
Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution
to the inequality 3 − n < −2 or 2n + 3 ≤ −1 ? 1
to the inequality x − 1 ≤ 1 ?
2
A) −6
A) 0
B) −2
B) 2
C) 2
C) 4
D) 6
D) 6

Which of the following numbers is a solution to 6

the inequality 5w + 7 > 2 and 6 w − 15 ≤ 3(−1 + w) ?

−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
A) −1
B) 2 Which of the following is the compound inequality
for the graph above?
C) 5
D) 8 A) x < −2 or 4 ≤ x
B) x ≤ −2 or 4 < x

3 C) −2 < x ≤ 4

Which of the following is the graph of D) −2 ≤ x < 4

1
− x ≤ 5 and 7 − x > x + 1 ?
2

7
A)
−5 If
1
x − 1 ≤ − x + 5 , what is the greatest possible
4
B) value of x ?
4

C)
−5 4

D)
−5 4
8

3
4 If n − 2 < 1 and n is an integer, what is one
4
1 possible value of n ?
If −2 < n < −1 , what is the value of 7 + n
2
rounded to the nearest whole number?

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 29
Chapter 4

Exercises - Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables

1 3

y y

1 (−1,0)
x x
O 1 O
(0, −1)

Which of the following inequalities represents the Which of the following inequalities represents the
graph above? graph above?

A) x > −2 A) x + y < −1
B) x < −2 B) x + y > −1
C) y > −2 C) x + y ≤ −1
D) y < −2 D) x + y ≥ −1

2 4

y y

(0, 2) (1, 2)

(−3,0)
x x
O O

Which of the following inequalities represents the

Which of the following inequalities represents the graph above?
graph above?
A) 2 x − y ≥ 0
A) 2 y − 3 x ≥ 6
B) 2 x − y ≤ 0
B) 2 y − 3 x ≤ 6
C) x − 2 y ≥ 0
C) 3 y − 2 x ≥ 6
D) x − 2 y ≤ 0
D) 3 y − 2 x ≤ 6

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Chapter 4

Exercises - Graphing Systems of Inequalities

1 3

 x − 2 y ≤ −2
 y − x ≥1 
  y < −x + 2
 y ≤ −2 x

y
y

section B section Q

section R
section C section P
section A x
x O
O

section S
section D

A system of inequalities and a graph are shown

A system of inequalities and a graph are shown
above. Which section or sections of the graph
above. Which section or sections of the graph
could represent all of the solutions to the system?
could represent all of the solutions to the system?

A) Section P
A) Section A
B) Section Q
B) Section B
C) Section R
C) Section C
D) Section S
D) Section D

4
2 y

Which of the following ordered pairs ( x, y )

II I
is a solution to the system of inequalities
y > x − 4 and x + y < 5 ? x
O
III IV
A) (4, −2)

B) (0, 2)
If the system of inequalities 2 − y < 2 x and
C) (5,3)
− x ≤ 4 − y is graphed on the xy - plane above,
D) (0, −5) which quadrant contains no solutions to the
system?

A) Quadrant II
B) Quadrant III
C) Quadrant IV
D) There are solutions in all four quadrants.

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Linear Inequalities and Graphs

Chapter 4 Practice Test

1 4
The sum of 120k and 215 j does not exceed Which of the following inequalities is equivalent
2,500. to 0.6(k − 7) − 0.3k > 1.8 + 0.9k ?

Which of the following inequalities represents

the statement above? A) k < 10
B) k < −10
A) 120k + 215 j < 2,500 C) k > 10
B) 120k + 215 j > 2,500 D) k > −10

C) 120k + 215 j ≤ 2,500

D) 120k + 215 j ≥ 2,500 5

4m − 3 ≤ 2(m + 1) or 7 m + 23 < 15 + 9m

Which of the following numbers is a solution

2 to the compound inequality above?
One half of a number decreased by 3 is
at most −5 . A) 2
B) 3
Which of the following inequalities represents
C) 4
the statement above?
D) 5
1
A) n − 3 ≤ −5
2
6
1
B) 3 − n ≤ −5 y
2
1
C) n − 3 < −5
2 (0,3)
1
D) 3 − n < −5 x
2 (−4,0) O

3
Which of the following numbers is NOT
3b + 5 Which of the following inequalities represents the
a solution to the inequality ≥ b −8 ?
−2 graph above?

A) 0 A) 4 y − 3 x > 12
B) 1 B) 4 y − 3 x < 12
C) 2 C) 3 y − 4 x > 12
D) 3
D) 3 y − 4 x < 12

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Chapter 4

7 9

2 y − 3x ≤ 6  y < ax + 1
 
 y > 1− x  y > bx − 1

y In the xy - plane, if (1, 0) is a solution to the

section B system of inequalities above, which of the
following must be true?
section C section A
I. a > −1

O
x II. a + b =0
III. b < 1
section D
A) I only
B) I and II only
A system of inequalities and a graph are shown
above. Which section or sections of the graph C) I and III only
could represent all of the solutions to the system? D) I, II, and III

A) Section A
B) Section B 10
C) Section C  y ≥ 12 x + 600

D) Section D  y ≥ −6 x + 330
In the xy - plane, if ( x, y ) lies in the solution set
of the system of inequalities above, what is the
8 minimum possible value of y ?

II I

x
O
11
III IV
If −6 ≤ 3 − 2 x ≤ 9 , what is the greatest possible
value of x − 1 ?
If the system of inequalities 3 ≥ x and −1 ≤ y
is graphed in the xy - plane above, which quadrant
contains no solutions to the system?

A) Quadrant II 12
B) Quadrant III
For what integer value of x is 4 x − 2 > 17 and
C) Quadrant IV 3 x + 5 < 24 ?
D) All four quadrants contain solutions.

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 33
Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 4-1
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C
6. C

Section 4-2
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. 6 5. D
24
6. A 7. 8. 2 or 3
5

Section 4-3
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B

Section 4-4
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B

Chapter 4 Practice Test

1. C 2. A 3.D 4. B 5. A
6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. 420
7
11. or 3.5 12. 5 or 6
2

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Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 35
Chapter 5

Exercises - Problem Solving Using Linear Models

1 4
At the beginning of a trip, the tank of Chloe’s To join Eastlake Country Club one must pay d
car was filled with 12 gallons of gas. When she dollars for a one time membership fee and pay
travels constantly on the highway 60 miles per w dollars for a monthly fee. If the first month is
hour, the car consumes 1 gallon of gas per 35 free for the club, what is the total amount, y ,
miles. If she traveled 5 hours and 15 minutes on
x months after a person joined the club, in terms
the highway with a constant speed of 60 miles
per hour, how many gallons of gas are left in the of d , w , and x ?
tank?
A) y= wx − 1 + d
A) 3
B) y= w( x − 1) + d
B) 4
C) y= d ( x − 1) + w
C) 5
D) 6 D) y = dx − 1 + w

2 5
A rock climber is climbing up a 450 feet high
From 1990 to 2000 The population of city A rose
cliff. By 9:30 AM. the climber reached 90 feet
from 12,000 to 28,000 and the population of city B
up the cliff and by 11:00 AM he has reached
rose from 18,000 to 24,000. If the population of the
210 feet up the cliff. If he climbs with a constant
two cities increased at a constant rate, in what year
speed, by what time will he reach the top of the
was the population of both cities the same?
cliff?

A) 1:45 PM
B) 2:00 PM
C) 2:15 PM
D) 2:30 PM

3 6
In 2005 a house was purchased for $280,000 and An empty 1,200 gallon tank is filled with water
in 2013 it was sold at $334,000. Assuming that at a rate of 6 gallons of water per minute. At the
the value of the house increased at a constant same time, another 1,200 gallon tank full of water
annual rate what will be the price of the house in is being drained at a rate of 9 gallons per minute.
the year 2018? How many minutes will it take for the amount of
water in both tanks to become the same?
A) $354,250
B) $361,000
C) $367,750
D) $374,500

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Word Problems in Real-Life Situation

5-2. Solving Word Problems Using Equations

Cost, Profit, and Value Problems
=
Total value number of items × value per item
=
Profit selling cost − buying cost

Example 1 □ A music store owner purchased x compact discs for $6.50 each. He sold all but
19 of them for $12.00 each. If he made a profit of $564.00 from the compact discs,
what is the value of x ?

Solution □ 1. The problem asks for the value of x .

2. x is given as the number of compact discs purchased.
3. Selling cost =number of items sold × value per item =( x − 19) × 12
Buying cost = number of items bought × value per item = x × 6.50
Profit = selling cost − buying cost = ( x − 19) × 12 − 6.5 x

4. 564 = ( x − 19) × 12 − 6.5 x

564 = 12 x − 228 − 6.5 x = 5.5 x − 228
792 = 5.5x
x = 144
5. The number of compact discs purchased is 144.

Distance, Rate, and Time Problems

total distance d total distance d
= rate × time , d = rt
Distance Average speed = , r= Average time = , t=
total time t average speed r

Example 2 □ Carl drove from his home to the beach at a speed of 50 mph and returned home
along the same route at a speed of 30mph. If his total driving time for the trip was
two hours, how many minutes did it take him to drive from his home to the beach?

Solution □ 1. The problem asks for the time it took for Carl to drive to the beach.
2. Let t = the time in hours it took for Carl to drive to the beach.
Then 2 − t = the time spent for the return trip.
Make a chart and a sketch showing the given facts.

Rate × Time =
Distance Going out
50t
Going out 50 t 50t
30(2 − t )
2−t Returning
Returning 30 30(2 − t )

3. =
50t 30(2 − t ) The distance going out = the distance returning.
50=
t 60 − 30t Distributive Property
80t = 60 Add 30t on each side.
60 3
4.=
t = hours Solve for t .
80 4
3 3
5. It took Carl hours, or × 60 =
45 minutes, to drive from his home to the beach.
4 4

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Chapter 5

Exercises - Problem Solving with Equations

1 4
1
Distance to Finish Line David used of his monthly salary for groceries
(meters) 10
Jason −8t + 200
3
and of his remaining money for his car
18
Mary −7.5t + 200 payment. He also paid twice as much money for
rent as for his car payment. If David has $1,620
Jason and Mary are running on a 200 meter track. left after paying for groceries, car payment, and
The expressions in the table above show the rent, how much is his monthly salary?
distance to the finish line t seconds after they
started the race. How many meters will Mary have A) $3,240
left to finish the race when Jason is on the finish
line? B) $3,320
C) $3,480
A) 10.5 meters D) $3,600
B) 11.5 meters
C) 12.5 meters
D) 13.5 meters
5
In a school election, 680 students voted for one
2 of two candidates for president. If the winner
received 120 more votes than the loser, how many
At a bagel shop the first 6 bagels purchased cost votes did the winner receive?
55 cents apiece, and additional bagels cost c
cents apiece. If a customer paid $5.70 for 12
bagels, what is the value of c ?

A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 40
6

3
3 If a gas tank contains 15 liters of gas and is full,
8
Manny bought c candies at a price of 70 cents how many additional liters of gas are needed to fill
each. He sold all but k candies at a price of up the tank?
$1.25, and made a profit of p dollars. Which of
the following represents p in terms of c and k ?

A) =
p 1.25(c − k ) − 0.7c

B)=p 1.25c − 0.7 k

C) p = 1.25c − 0.7(c − k )

D) =
p 1.25(c − k ) − 0.7 k

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Chapter 5

Exercises - Solving Word problems Using Systems of Equations

1 4
Adam and Betty purchased a printer together for In a car dealership, all of the vehicles are either
$258. If Adam paid $18 less than twice Betty, a sedan or a SUV. If 36 sedans are sold and 36
how much money did Adam pay for the printer? SUVs are added, there will be an equal number
of sedans and SUVs. If 8 SUVs are sold and 8
A) 172 sedans are added, there will be twice as many
sedans as SUVs. How many sedans were at the
B) 166 dealership before any vehicle was sold?
C) 158
D) 146 A) 132
B) 144
C) 156
D) 168

2
There are 28 tables for customers at Mesa Grill
Restaurant. The tables are either two-seat tables
or four-seat tables. When all the tables are full,
there will be 90 customers in the restaurant. How
many two-seat tables are at the restaurant?
5

A) 11 At a coffee shop, a 16 ounce bag of coffee is on

sale at $5.25 less than the regular price. The cost
B) 13 of 4 bags of coffee at regular price is the same as
C) 15 the cost of 6 bags of coffee at sale price. Let r be
the regular price of coffee and s be the sale price
D) 17 of coffee. Which of the following systems of
equations can be used to find the values of
variables r and s ?

 s= r − 16
A) 
3 r = 6s
In a basketball, a field goal is either 2 or 3 points.  s= r − 5.25
In a college basketball tournament, Jim made 73 B) 
more 2-point field goals than 3-point field goals.  4r = 16
If he scored a total of 216 goals in the tournament
 s= r − 5.25
how many 3-point field goals did he make? C) 
 4r = 6 s
A) 12  s= r + 5.25
D) 
B) 14  4r = 6 s
C) 16
D) 18

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Chapter 5

Exercises - Solving Word Problems Using Inequalities

1 4
Tom wants to rent a truck for two days and pay
no more than $300. How far can he drive the truck At a sporting goods store, Jay paid $172 for a pair
if the truck rental cost $49 a day plus $0.40 a mile? of shoes and a pair of pants. The pants cost less
than two thirds of what the shoes cost. What is the
minimum price of the shoes to the nearest dollar?
A) 490
B) 505
C) 520
D) 535

2
Tim has 140 paperback and hard cover copies in
his book shelf. If the hard cover copies do not
exceed one sixth the number of paperback copies,
what is the minimum number of paperback copies
in Tim’s book shelf?

A) 114 5
B) 116 Ty earns $14 an hour working on weekdays and
C) 118 $21 an hour working on weekends. If he wants to
make at least $600 by working a total of 36 hours
D) 120 in a week, to the nearest hour, at least how many
hours does he need work on the weekends?

3
The number of students in a geometry class is four
fifths the number of students in a Spanish class.
The total number of students in both classes does
not exceed 54. What is the greatest possible
number of students in the Spanish class?

A) 30
B) 32
C) 34
D) 36

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Word Problems in Real-Life Situation

Chapter 5 Practice Test

3
Questions 1 - 3 refer to the following information.
Company B’s total cost, y, is the fixed amount
The manager of an apartment building needs an for a service call plus the hourly rates. If the
electrician to repair the power generator for the relationship between Company B’s total cost,
building. The table below shows the fixed amount y, and the number of hours, x , is graphed in
for a time service call and hourly charges for two the xy - plane, what does the slope of the line
different companies. represent?

Company Fixed amount Hourly Rate A) Fixed amount for a service call
for a service call
A $40 $55 B) Hourly Rate
B $75 $48 C) Total amount for one day
D) Total amount for repairing the power
generator
1
Which of the following equations gives the total
cost, y, of repairing the power generator in terms
of the total number of hours, x , from company A? 4
Apex Car Rental company charges a flat fee
A) =
y 48 x + 75 of $40.00 per day plus $0.75 per mile to rent
a car. Jason Car Rental company charges
B) =
y 75 x + 48 a flat fee of $64.00 per day plus $0.60 per mile
C) =
y 40 x + 55 to rent a car. If a car is rented for three days, at
how many miles would the rental charges of the
D) =
y 55 x + 40 two companies be the same?

A) 480
B) 450

2 C) 420

For what number of hours, x , will the total cost D) 380

of repairing the generator for company B be less
than or equal to the total cost of repairing the
generator for company A? 5
It took Sara a total of 42 minutes to jog from
5 home to the park and back again, by the same
A) x ≥
2 path. If she averaged 8 miles per hour going to
the park and 6 miles per hour coming back, what
5 is the distance from her home to the park?
B) x ≤
2
C) x ≥ 5 A) 2.4 miles
D) x ≤ 5 B) 2.8 miles
C) 3.2 miles
D) 3.6 miles

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Chapter 5

6 9
Carl drove from his home to the beach at an A car averages 18 miles per gallon of gas for city
average speed of 50 mph and returned home driving and 27 miles per gallon of gas for highway
along the same route at an average speed of driving. What is the total number of gallons of
30 mph. His total driving time for the trip was gas needed to drive 6x miles in the city and 18x
2 hours. Solving which of the following systems miles on the highway?
of equations yields, x , the time it took for Carl
to drive to the beach and, y , the time spent for A) x
the return trip?
B) 2x
A) x= y + 2 C) 3.5x
50 x = 30 y
D) 4.5x
B) x + y = 2
30 x = 50 y

C) x + y = 2
50 x = 30 y
10
D) y= x + 2
30 x = 50 y One section of a grocery store display only water
bottles. The water bottles are in either 6-bottle
packages or 8-bottle packages. Let x represent
the number of 6-bottle packages and y represent
7 the number of 8-bottle packages. The total number
To join Ace Gym, one must pay a $180 of packages displayed are 270 and the total number
membership fee plus dues of $35 per month. of bottles are 1,860. To find the values of variables
To join Best Gym, one must pay a $300 x and y, which of the following systems of
membership fee plus dues of $23 per month. equations can be used?
At how many months would the total cost of
either gym be the same?
x+ y = 1,860
A) 
6 x + 8 y = 270
A) 7
B) 8 6 x + 8 y =1,860
B) 
C) 9 x + y = 270

D) 10 8 x + 6 y =1,860
C) 
x + y = 270

x+ y = 1,860
8 D) 
8 x + 6 y = 270
At a county fair the admission is $8.00 and each
ride costs $1.25. If you go to the fair with $20.00,
what is the maximum number of rides you can go
on?

A) 8
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11

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Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 5-1
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. 1996
6. 80

Section 5-2
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. 400
6. 25

Section 5-3
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C

Section 5-4
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. 104 5. 14

Chapter 5 Practice Test

1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. A
6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B

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II. Statistics and Data Analysis

Chapter 6: Ratios, Rates, and Proportions
Chapter 7: Percents
Chapter 8: Statistics
Chapter 9: Categorical Data and Probability

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 45
Chapter 6

Exercises - Ratios and Rates

1 4
3 1 The ratio of length to width of a rectangular garden
The ratio of 1 to 2 is equal to the ratio of 14 is 6 : 7 . If the perimeter of the rectangle is 78
4 2
to what number? meters, what is the area of the garden in square
meters?

A) 18
A) 274
B) 20
B) 326
C) 22
C) 352
D) 24
D) 378

2 5
The sum of two numbers is 14 and the ratio of A car travels 218.5 miles on 9.5 gallons of gas.
the two numbers is −3 . What is the product of What is the car’s gas mileage?
the two numbers?

A) −105
B) −119
C) −133
D) −147
6
At a grocery store, 20 fl oz of brand A vitamin
water is sold for $0.95. What is the unit price of
the vitamin water per ounce, to the nearest cents?
3
x
If 2( x − y ) =
3 y , what is the ratio ?
y

2
A)
5
4 7
B)
3
The density of aluminum is 2.7 grams per cm3 .
5
C) How many grams does 12 cm3 of aluminum
2 weigh?
8
D)
3

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Chapter 6

Exercises - Proportions

1 4
On a map, 1 inch represents 5 miles. If a certain If Andy drove 84 miles in 1 hour 45 minutes,
state is represented on a map by a rectangle 10 how many miles can he drive in 5 hours?
inches by 7.2 inches, what is the area of the state
in square miles?

A) 360 mi 2

B) 720 mi 2

C) 1, 080 mi 2

D) 1,800 mi 2 5
A collection of quarters, dimes, and nickels is
worth $5.00. If the ratio of quarters to dimes to
nickels is 2 : 4 : 7 , how many quarters are there?

2
Together there are 754 students and teachers in
the meeting. If the ratio of students to teachers
is 27 : 2 , how many teachers are there?

A) 46
B) 52 6
C) 58 5 x x + 14
If = , what is the value of x ?
D) 64 3 2

Concrete is made by mixing cement, sand, and

gravel in the ratio 5 : 9 : 13. How much cement
is needed to make 324 ft 3 of concrete?
7
3
A) 54 ft A trail mix contains raisin, peanut, and chocolate.
The ratio of raisin to peanut is 2 : 3 and the ratio
B) 60 ft 3 of peanut to chocolate is 5 : 8 . What is the ratio
C) 84 ft 3 of raisin to chocolate?

D) 108 ft 3

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Chapter 6

Exercises - Ratios, Rates, and Proportions Word Problems

1 4
If 20 machines produce 1,240 printers in a day, A 32-acre field yields 768 bushels of corn each
how many more machines are needed to produce year. How many more acres are needed to yield
1,984 printers in a day? 960 bushels of corn each year?

A) 12 A) 6
B) 20 B) 8
C) 24 C) 10
D) 32 D) 12

2
3 5
If quart of lemonade concentrate is mixed with
4
The length of a rectangle is 8 inches longer than
2
6 quarts of water to make lemonade for 40 the width. If the ratio of the length to perimeter
3 is 5 :16 , what is the area of the rectangle?
people, how many quarts of lemonade concentrate
are needed to make the lemonade for 24 people?
A) 160 in 2
3 B) 180 in 2
A)
10
7 C) 240 in 2
B)
20 D) 280 in 2
2
C)
5
9
D)
20
6
If 12 grams of coffee costs x dollars and each
3 gram makes y cups of coffee, what is the cost
of one cup of coffee in terms of x and y ?
1
A machine produced 735 tapes in 5 hours.
4
What fraction of the 735 tapes was produced 12 y
A)
in one hour? x
y
B)
1 12 x
A)
7
12x
4 C)
B) y
21
5 x
C) D)
21 12 y
2
D)
7

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Ratios, Rates, and Proportions

Chapter 6 Practice Test

1 4
The density of an object is equal to the mass of A car is traveling at a constant rate of x miles
the object divided by the volume of the object. per hour. How many miles will the car travel
What is the mass, in grams, of an object with a in y minutes?
volume of 0.01 m3 and a density of 4.54 grams
per cubic centimeters? ( 1 m = 100 cm )
A) 60xy

A) 454 60x
B)
y
B) 4,540
C) 45,400 xy
C)
D) 454,000 60
y
D)
60 x

2
Jason and Donny painted a house and received
$1,200. To complete the painting job Jason painted 5
4 hours 25 minutes and Donny spent 2 hours and A tree is 8 feet tall and grows 8 inches each year.
15 minutes. If they split the $1,200 in proportion to In how many years will the tree reach a height
the amount of time each spent painting, how much of 30 feet?
did Donny receive?
A) 27
A) $405.00
B) 33
B) $443.00
C) 45
C) $472.00
D) 52
D) $492.00

3 Aaron reads x pages of a science fiction book in

m minutes. If he continues reading at this rate,
The tennis balls in a bag are either white or what will be the number of pages he reads in 20 m
yellow. If the ratio of white balls to yellow balls seconds?
3
is , which of the following could not be the
10
number of balls in the bag? 1
A) x
3
A) 26 1
B) x
B) 39 2

C) 42 2
C) x
D) 52 3
D) 2x

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Chapter 6

7 10
x Steve is going to paint a wall that measures 9 feet
If = 1 , what is the value of x − y − 1 ? by 12 feet. If one gallon of paint is needed for each
y
s square foot of wall and each gallon costs g
dollars, in terms of s and g how much does it
A) −1 cost to paint the entire wall?
B) 0
C) 1 108
A)
D) The value cannot be determined from the gs
information given.
gs
B)
108
108s
C)
g
8 108g
D)
In a certain room the ratio of males to females is s
4 to 5. After 8 males enter the room, the ratio of
males to females is 6 to 5. What is the total number
of people in the room before the additional males
enter the room?
11
A) 27
If 2 inches are equivalent to 5 centimeters, how
B) 36 many square centimeters are in one square inch?
C) 45
D) 54

9
A person is born every 5 seconds and a person 12
dies every 12 seconds. How many seconds does
A large painting has a length of 18 inches and a
it take for the population to grow by one person?
width of 12 inches. If each dimension is reduced
by x inches to make the ratio of length to width
A) 7 sec 5 to 3, what is the value of x ?
4
B) 8 sec
7
C) 10.5 sec
5
D) 10 sec
7

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Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 6-1
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. 23
6. 5 7. 32.4

Section 6-2
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. 240 5. 8
5
6. 6 7.
12

Section 6-3
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. C
6. D

Chapter 6 Practice Test

1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B
6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D
25
11. or 6.25 12. 3
4

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Chapter 7

Exercises - Percent of Change

1 5

Which of the following is equivalent to 0.03 % The temperature increased from 60 F to 72 F .
of 4? What is the percent increase in temperature?

A) 0.12 A) 15%
B) 0.012 50
B) %
C) 0.0012 3
D) 0.00012 C) 20%
70
D) %
3

2
1
=
400
6
A) 0.25% This year’s enrollment in Mesa School District
B) 0.025% is 6,000, which is 20 percent higher than last
year’s. What was last year’s enrollment in Mesa
C) 0.0025% School District?
D) 0.00025%

3
The quantities x and y are positive. If x is
decreased by 20 percent and y is increased by
20 percent, then the product of x and y is

A) unchanged
B) decreased by 4% 7

C) increased by 5% If 125% of x is 80 and x is n % of 400, what is

the value of n ?
D) decreased by 6%

By what percent is 4.5 × 105 greater than 9 × 104 ?

A) 200%
B) 400%
C) 500%
D) 600%

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Chapter 7

Exercises - Percents and Equations

1 6
28% of what number is 7? What percent of 12 is 8?

A) 60%
2
B) 66 %
3
C) 75%
2
1
3.6 is 240% of what number? D) 130 %
3

7
54 is 120% of k .

3 Which of the following proportions could be used

to solve the above expression?
1
% of 180 is what number?
2 100 54
A) =
120 k
54 120
B) =
100 k
100 120
C) =
54 k
4 120 54
D) =
1 100 k
3 % of what number is 2.5?
3

8
If Kevin’s monthly salary of $4,500 is 72 percent
of Paul’s monthly salary, what is Paul’s monthly
salary?
5
A) $3, 240
26.4 is 0.55% of what number?
B) $5,150
C) $5,870
D) $6, 250

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Chapter 7

Exercises - Percent Word Problems

1 4
There are n candies in a jar. If one candy is Victor invests part of his $5,000 in a savings
removed, what percent of the candies are left account that pays 4.5% annual simple interest.
in terms of n ? He invests the rest in bonds that pay 8% annual
simple interest. Let s be the amount invested in
savings and r be the amount invested in bonds.
A) 100(1 − n)% Victor’s total income in one year from these
investments is $305.50. Which of the following
1
B) 100( − 1)% systems of equations represents this relationship?
n
1
C) 100(n − )% 0.045s + 0.08r =
5, 000
A) 
 s+r =
n 305.50
n −1
D) 100( )% 0.08s + 0.045r =
5, 000
n B) 
 s+r = 305.50

s+r = 5, 000
C) 
0.045s + 0.08r =
305.50
2
s+r = 5, 000
The price of a cellphone was discounted by 25% D) 
and then discounted an additional 20%, to become  0.08 s + 0.045r =
305.50
$348. What was the original price of the cellphone
before it was discounted twice?

A) $580.00
5
B) $620.00
A sporting goods store added 50% profit cost
C) $650.00 and 8% tax to the price of a backpack, which
D) $680.00 then became $129.60. What was the price of
the backpack before adding profit and tax?

3
A chemist mixes a 40% acid solution and a 30%
6
acid solution. How many liters of the 40%
solution must be added to produce 50 liters There are 800 students in a school and 45% of
of a solution that is 36% acid? the students are male. If 30% of the male students
and 25% of the female students play varsity sports,
A) 24 how many students play varsity sports?

B) 26
C) 30
D) 32

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Percents

Chapter 7 Practice Test

1 4
A chemist mixes x mL of a 34% acid solution A tablet with a list price of x dollars is discounted
with a 10% acid solution. If the resulting solution by 15% and then discounted an additional 12%.
is 40 mL with 25% acidity, what is the value of x ? What is the final sale price of the tablet, in terms
of x ?
A) 18.5
A) 0.73x
B) 20
C) 22.5 B) 0.748x

D) 25 C) 0.75x
D) 0.765x

2 5

The price of a package of 4 pens is $8.00. The There is a total of n pairs of shoes in a store,
same pens are sold at $2.50 each. If Alex bought all of which are either black or brown. If there
three packages of pens rather than buying 12 pens are m pairs of brown shoes in the store, then
individually, the amount he saved on 12 pens is in terms of m and n , what percent of the shoes
what percent of the amount he paid? in the store are black?

A) 12% m
A) %
n
B) 20%
C) 25% n−m
B) %
n
D) 30%
100m
C) (1 − )%
n
m
D) 100(1 − )%
3 n

There are 600 bottles of sports drinks in a store.

25% of the bottles are orange flavored drinks.
On Monday 30% of the orange flavored drinks 6
in the store were sold and on Tuesday 20% of the The numbers a , b , and c are positive and a
remaining orange flavored drinks were sold. How
equals 3.2bc . If b is increased by 150% and c
many bottles of orange flavored drinks were sold
is decreased by 60%, then a is
in the two days?

A) 52 A) increased by 90%

B) 58 B) increased by 10%

C) 66 C) unchanged

D) 75 D) decreased by 10%

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Chapter 7

7 10
There are 10 history books in a bookcase. When If 300% of 0.18 is equivalent to 20% of b ,
the number of books increases by x percent, the then b is equivalent to what number?
new number of history books is 24. What is the
value of x ?

A) 58
B) 70
C) 120
D) 140

8 11
Number n is 25 less than 120 percent of itself. Five people contributed $9,000 each toward the
What is the value of n ? purchase of a sailboat. If they ended up paying
$38,500 plus 8% sales tax for the boat, how much
money should be refunded to each person?
A) 125
B) 120
C) 105
D) 90

9 12
Of the 500 cars displayed in a certain car dealer, A store used to sell an MP3 for $72, which is 50%
7 percent are blue and 4 percent are red. The more than the wholesale cost. At a special holiday
number of blue cars in the car dealer are what sale, the price of the MP3 was 20% less than the
percent greater than the number of red cars? wholesale cost. What was the special sale price of
the MP3?
A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 125%

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Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 7-1
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C
6. 5000 7. 16

Section 7-2
1. 25 2. 1.5 3. 0.9 4. 75 5. 4800
6. B 7. D 8. D

Section 7-3
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. 80
6. 218

Chapter 7 Practice Test

1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D
6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. 2.7
11. 684 12. 38.4

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Chapter 8

Exercise - Mean, Median, Mode, and Range

1 4
The average (arithmetic mean) of a set of n
Test Scores 67 75 87 91 numbers is 19. If the average of the 6 greatest
numbers in the set is 29 and the average of the
Number of Students 1 3 2 2 remaining numbers is 7, what is the value of n ?

A) 9
The test scores of 8 students are shown in the
table above. Let m be the mean of the scores B) 10
and M be the median of the score. What is the C) 11
value of M − m ?
D) 12

A) −6
B) 0
5
C) 3
D) 6 The average (arithmetic mean) of m , n , and −1
is 0. What is the value of m + n ?

2
The average (arithmetic mean) of five numbers
n, n − 3, 2n + 1, 3n − 4 , and 5n + 10 is 8. Which
of the following is true?
6
A) median = 5 , range = 18
The average (arithmetic mean) test score for all
B) median = 5 , range = 25 the students in a class is 84. The average score
of m boys in the class was 79, while that of
C) median = 7 , range = 18 n girls was 87. What is the ratio of m to n ?

D) median = 7 , range = 25

3
The average (arithmetic mean) of two numbers is 7
1
x + 1 . If one of the numbers is x , what is the A student has an average (arithmetic mean) score
2 of 86 points for 4 tests. What total score does this
other number? student need in the next two tests in order to have
an average of 90 for all 6 tests?
A) x + 2
B) x − 2
C) −2
D) 2

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Chapter 8

Exercise - Standard Deviation

The table above shows the frequency distribution of

Questions 1-3 refer to the following the number of children in each of 8 families.
information.
4
Let m be the mean of the data set above. What is
the value of m ?
2% 34% 34% 2%
14% 14%
m − 2d m−d m m+d m + 2d

The figure above shows a normal distribution with 5

mean m and standard deviation d , including Let d be the standard deviation of the data set
approximate percentages of the distribution above. What is the value of d ?
corresponding to the regions shown. Suppose the (Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.)
SAT math scores of 1,200 students entering a
certain university are normally distributed with
a mean score of 600 and standard deviation of 60.

1
6
Approximately how many of the students have
SAT scores between 660 and 720? Add 2 to each entry on the original list. Let ma
and d a be the new mean and the new standard
deviation of the data set. Which of the following
is true?
2
A) ma= m + 2 and d a= d + 2
Approximately how many of the students have
SAT scores less than 540? B) ma = m and d a= d + 2

C) ma= m + 2 and d a = d

D) ma = m and d a = d
3
Approximately how many of the students have
7
SAT scores greater than 720?
Multiply each entry by 2 on the original list.
Let m p and d p be the new mean and the new
standard deviation of the data set. Which of the
following is true?

A) m p = 2m and d p = 2d

B) m p = m and d p = d
Questions 4-6 refer to the following
information. C) m p = 2m and d p = d

Number of Children 0 1 2 3 4 D) m p = m and d p = 2d

Frequency 1 2 4 0 1

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Chapter 8

Exercise - Graphical Displays

3
Questions 1-3 refer to the following If enrollment increases by approximately the same
information. percentage between 2000 and 2010 as it decreased
Enrollment for College R
between 1950 and 1960, what is the expected
enrollment in 2010?
Enrollment (in Thousands)

7
6
A) 7,250
5
4 B) 7,540
3 C) 7,650
2
D) 7,875
1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year

The line graph above shows the enrollment for

College R between 1950 and 2000.

1
According to the graph above, College R showed 4
the greatest change in enrollment between which
two decades?
14
Number of Teams

12
A) 1950 to 1960 10
B) 1960 to 1970 8
6
C) 1970 to 1980 4
D) 1980 to 1990 2

10 20 30 40 50 60
Number of Triples Hit by
Mjor League Teams

2
The histogram above shows the distribution of the
What is the average rate of increase in enrollment number of triples hit by 30 major league baseball
per decade between 1950 and 2000? teams in a certain year. Which of the following
could be the median number of triples represented
in the histogram?
A) 500
B) 600 A) 19
C) 750 B) 27
D) 875 C) 32
D) 34

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Chapter 8

Exercise - Scatter Plots and the Regression Lines

3
Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following What is the median score of the 10 golfers?
information.

y A) 96
B) 97
C) 98
100
D) 99
Average Scores

90

80
x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 4
Average Practice Time per Week
(in hours) Number of cars Repaired at
Jay's Motor, 2000 to 2008
The scatter plot above shows the average scores of
10 golfers and their weekly practice times. The line 5,000
of best fit is also shown.
Average Scores

4,000

1 3,000

What is the average score of the golfer that is 2,000

farthest from the line of best fit?
1,000

A) 93
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
B) 96
Year
C) 98
D) 99 According to the line of best fit in the scatter plot
above, which of the following best approximate
the year in which the number of cars repaired by
Jay’s Motor was estimated to be 4,500?

2 A) 1996
There are two golfers whose average practice B) 1998
time is the same. What is the difference between
their average scores? C) 2000
D) 2002
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10

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Chapter 8

Exercise - Populations, Samples, and Random Selection

Questions 1-3 refer to the following information.

Voted for Voted for Voted for

Candidate A Candidate B Other Candidates Total

Ages 18 to 30 84 46 30 160
Ages 31 to 55 72 90 48 210
55 years or older 31 76 23 130
Total 187 212 101 500

A polling organization takes a random sample of 500 voters who voted for the mayoral
election of a large western city. The organization gathered data right after the election, as
shown in the table above.

1 3

According to the data above, what percent of According to the data above, how many times more
people from ages 31 to 55 voted for candidate B ? likely is it for ages 18 to 30 year olds to vote for
candidate A than it is for ages 55 years or older
to vote for candidate A ?
A) 38%
B) 43% A) 2.2
C) 45% B) 2.4
D) 48% C) 2.6
D) 2.8

2
The total population of individuals in the city who
voted for the election was about 450,000. What is
the best estimate of the total number of votes for
candidate B ?

A) 144,000
B) 168,000
C) 190,000
D) 210,000

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Statistics

Chapter 8 Practice Test

Questions 1-3 refer to the following 3

information. Among the four days marked 1, 2, 3, and 4 in
the scatter plot, on which day is the difference
90 between the high temperature and the low
temperature minimal?
3
High Temperature

80 4
2
A) Day 1
70 B) Day 2
C) Day 3
1
60
D) Day 4

50
50 60 70 80 90
Low Temperature

The graph above is a scatter plot with 8 points, each

representing the low temperature and high temperature 4
of 8 days in September in a certain city. Both the low
temperatures and high temperatures are measured in
degrees Fahrenheit. The line of best fit for the data is Number of Hours Worked by the
also shown. 20 Salespersons in Company G
9
Number of Sales Persons

1 8
7
Based on the line of best fit for the data shown, 6
how many degrees does the high temperature 5
increase when the low temperature increases by 4
one degree? 3
2
1
A) 0.9
30 34 40 45 50
B) 1.3
Hours Worked
C) 1.6
D) 1.8 Based on the histogram above, what is the average
number of hours worked by the 20 salespersons in
Company G?

2 A) 36
What is the predicted high temperature of the day B) 37
when the low temperature is 58?
C) 38

A) 65 D) 39

B) 68
C) 71
D) 74

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Chapter 8

7
Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following
information.

Frequency Distribution for List A 34% 34%

2% 2%
Number 0 4 5 6 14% 14%
160 − 2d 160 − d 160 160 + d 160 + 2d
Frequency 8 10 12 10

The figure above shows a standard normal

Frequency Distribution for List B
distribution with mean of 160 and standard
Number 7 10 11 15 deviation d , including approximate percents
Frequency 10 8 10 12 of the distribution corresponding to the regions
shown. If the value 148 is at the 12th percentile
of the distribution, which of the following is the
best estimate of the standard deviation d of the
The table above shows the frequency distribution distribution?
of two lists. List A and list B each contain 40
numbers.
A) 5
B) 10
5
C) 15
What is the difference between the average of the
numbers in list B and the average of the numbers D) 20
in list A ?

A) 6.5
8
B) 7
The tables below give the distribution of ratings
C) 7.5 of two different laptops by 100 people each.
D) 8
Ratings of Laptop A by 100 Reviewers
Ratings 5 4 3 2 1
Frequency 28 45 11 7 9

6 Ratings of Laptop B by 100 Reviewers

List C contains 80 numbers: the 40 numbers in Ratings 5 4 3 2 1

list A and the 40 numbers in list B . Let m be Frequency 22 24 18 20 16
the average of 80 numbers in list C and M be
the median of 80 numbers in list C . What is the Which of the following is true about the data
value of m − M ? shown for the ratings of the two laptops?

A) 1 A) The standard deviation of the ratings of

laptop A is larger.
B) 1.5
B) The standard deviation of the ratings of
C) 2 laptop B is larger.
D) 2.5 C) The standard deviation of the two ratings
are the same.
D) The standard deviation of the two ratings
cannot be determined with the data provided.

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Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 8-1
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. 1
3
6. 7. 196
5

Section 8-2
1. 168 2. 192 3. 24 4. 1.75 5. 1.09
6. C 7. A

Section 8-3
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. B

Section 8-4
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A

Section 8-5
1. B 2. C 3. A

Chapter 8 Practice Test

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B
6. A 7. B 8. B

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Chapter 9

Exercise - Permutations and Combinations

Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following Questions 4 and 5 refer to the following
information. information.

A hiker is going to hike a mountain where there are Sixteen players participated in a tennis tournament.
four trails to the top of the mountain. Three players will be awarded for first, second, and
third prize.
1
4
In how many different ways can he hike up and
down the mountain? In how many different ways can the first, second,
and third prizes be awarded?

2
5
If the hiker does not want to take the same trail
both ways, in how many different ways can he How many different groups of 3 people can get
hike up and down the mountain? prizes?

3 6
In how many ways can the letters of the word How many different four-letter patterns can be
SUNDAY be arranged using only 3 of the letters formed from the word MATH if the letters cannot
at a time? be used more than once?

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Chapter 9

Exercise - Rules of Probability

Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following Questions 4 and 5 refer to the following
information. information.

A bag contains 15 balls, numbered 1 through 15. Janis is making a flight reservation for her business
trip. The travel agent informs that the probability that
1 her flight to Phoenix will arrive on schedule is 90%
and the probability that her flight from Phoenix to
What is the probability of selecting a number that Atlanta will arrive on schedule is 80%.
is odd or a multiple of 5?
4
What is the probability that both flights arrive on
schedule?

2
A ball is selected at random then replaced in the
bag. A second selection is then made. What is 5
the probability that the first number is a prime
number and the second number is a multiple of 3? What is the probability that her flight to Phoenix
is on schedule but her flight from Phoenix to
Atlanta is not?

3 6
In a box of 12 headlamps 3 are defective. If
S ={−5, −2, −1, 4} T= {−2, 3, 7} you choose two headlamps without replacement,
what is the probability that both headlamps are
Product p= s ⋅ t is formed from the two sets defective?
above, in which s is a number from set S and t
is a number from set T . What is the probability
that the product s ⋅ t will be a positive number?

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Chapter 9

Exercise - Categorical Data and Conditional Probabilities

Questions 1- 5 refer to the following information.

The table below shows the number of college faculty members in three departments: biological sciences,
education, and social sciences.

Biological Education Social

Total
Sciences Sciences
Male 10 26 19 55
Female 15 21 17 53
Total 25 47 36 108

1 4
What is the probability that a randomly chosen What is the probability that a randomly chosen
faculty member is a female given that she is from faculty member is from Biological Sciences given
Biological Sciences? that the faculty member is a male?

2
What is the probability that a randomly chosen
faculty member is a male or from Social Sciences?
5
For Biological Science and Education faculties
1 1
combined, of the female and of the male
6 4
faculty members are associate professors. If
a person is randomly chosen from these two
departments, what is the probability that a
3 faculty member is an associate professor?
What is the probability that a randomly chosen
faculty member is a female from Education
department or a male from Social Sciences?

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Probability

Chapter 9 Practice Test

3
Questions 1-4 refer to the following If one student is randomly selected from the
information. group what is the probability that the student
is a male Economics major?
Economics History Music
Male 24 20 19 24
A)
Female 18 22 17 120
42
The table above shows the distribution of a group B)
120
of 120 college students by gender and major.
24
C)
42
1
24
If one student is randomly selected from the group, D)
63
what is the probability that the student is a History
major?

36
A)
120
40 4
B)
120 If a Music major is selected at random, which of
42 the following is closest to the probability that the
C) student is a female?
120
46 A) 0.298
D)
120
B) 0.315
C) 0.386
D) 0.472

2
If a male student is selected at random, which of
the following is closest to the probability that he
is a Music major?

A) 0.270
B) 0.302
C) 0.317
D) 0.381

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Chapter 9

Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following
information. information.

Under 30 30 or older Total Number of Visits to Movie Theaters by Students

Male 3 12 None 1 to 2 3 or more
Female 20 1
Juniors x 2x x
Total 8 24 32 2
y 5 1
Seniors y y
The incomplete table above shows the distribution 2 2
of age and gender for 32 people who entered a
tennis tournament. The table above summarizes the number of visits
to movie theaters by 168 juniors and 152 seniors
5 during summer vacation.
If a tennis player is chosen at random, what is the
probability that the player will be either a male 7
under age 30 or a female aged 30 or older?
If a student is selected at random from those who
visited movie theaters at least once, what is the
15 probability that the student is a junior?
A)
32
18 16
B) A)
32 39

20 18
C) B)
32 39
20
24 C)
D) 39
32
22
D)
39

6
If a person is selected at random from the 30 or
older player group, what is the probability that 8
the person is a female?
If a student is selected at random, which of the
following is closest to the probability that the
5 student is a senior and visited movie theaters
A) 1 or 2 times?
20
15 A) 0.156
B)
20
B) 0.205
9
C) C) 0.297
24
D) 0.324
15
D)
24

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Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 9-1
1. 16 2. 12 3. 120 4. 3360 5. 560
6. 24

Section 9-2
3 2 5
1. 2. 3. 4. 0.72 5. 0.18
5 15 12
1
6.
22

Section 9-3
3 2 10 2 5
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
5 3 27 11 24

Chapter 9 Practice Test

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B
6. D 7. C 8. C

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II I. Advanced Math
Chapter 10: Law of Exponents and Polynomials
Chapter 11: Quadratic Functions
Chapter 12: Composition, Recursion, and Exponential Functions
Chapter 13: Polynomials and Radical Functions
Chapter 14: Rational Expressions
Chapter 15: Trigonometric Functions

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Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 73
Laws of Exponents and Polynomials

Exercises - Laws of Exponents and Scientific Notation

1 6

If (−a 2 b3 )(2ab 2 )(−3b) =

ka m b n , what is the (6 xy 2 )(2 xy ) 2
value of m + n ? 8x2 y 2

If the expression above is written in the form

ax m y n , what is the value of m + n ?

2
2 4
If ( a 2 b) 2 ( ab) −3 = ka m b n , what is the
3 3
value of k ?
7
If x is not equal to zero, what is the value
(2 x)3 (3 x)
of ?
3 (6 x 2 ) 2

( x)3 (− y ) 2 z −2 xm
If −2 3
= , what is the value
( x) y z yn z p
of m + n + p ?

If 8, 200 × 300, 000 is equal to 2.46 × 10n , what

4 is the value of n ?
If 2 x = 5 , what is the value of 2 x + 22 x + 23 x ?

5
9
(3x + 3x + 3x ) ⋅ 3x
240 6, 000 1
If × is equal to , what is
Which of the following is equivalent to the 80, 000 900, 000 5 × 10n
expression shown above? the value of n ?

A) 34 x
2
B) 33 x

C) 31+ 3 x

D) 31+ 2 x

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Chapter 10

Exercises – Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Polynomials

1 4

a (2 − a ) + (a 2 + 3) − (2a + 1) ( x3 − x 2 + 3 x − 3) ÷ ( x − 1)

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is the quotient of the
expression shown above? expression shown above?

A) 2 A) x 2 − 3
B) 4a
B) x 2 + 3
C) 2a + 2
C) x 2 − 2 x
D) 2a − 2
D) x 2 − 2 x + 3

2 5

(−m 2 n − n 2 + 3mn 2 ) − (m 2 n − n 2 + mn 2 ) −12

(14 x 2 + 9 x − 20) ÷ (ax − 1) = 7 x + 8 +
ax − 1
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? In the equation above, a is a constant and
ax − 1 ≠ 0 . What is the value of a ?
A) 4mn 2

B) 4m 2 n

C) −2m 2 n + 2mn 2

D) 2m 2 n + 2mn 2

3 6

(2 x 2 − 3 x + 1) − (−2 x 2 − 3 x + 2) 6 x2 − 5x + 4 A
If =−2 x + 1 + , what is the
−3 x + 1 −3 x + 1
If the expression above is written in the form value of A ?
ax 2 + bx + c , in which a , b , and c are constants,
what is the value of a + b + c ?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

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Chapter 10

Exercises – FOIL Method and Special Products

1 4
( x + 3)( x − 5) ( x + y )( x − y )( x 2 + y 2 )

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? expression shown above?

A) ( x + 1) 2 − 14 A) x 4 − 2 x 2 y 2 + y 4

B) ( x − 1) 2 − 12 B) x 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 + y 4

C) ( x − 1) 2 − 16 C) x 4 + y 4

D) ( x − 2) 2 − 12 D) x 4 − y 4

2 5
(2 − 5 x)(5 x + 2) 3( a −b ) ⋅ 3( a + b )
What is the value of ?
32 a +1
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? 1
A)
3

A) 25 x 2 − 4 B)
1
9
B) −25 x 2 + 4
C) 3
C) 25 x 2 − 10 x + 4
D) 9
D) −25 x + 10 x + 4
2

3 6
4 x − 12 xy + 9 y
2 2
2( a −1)( a +1)
What is the value of ?
2( a − 2)( a + 2)
Which of the following is equivalent to the
1
expression shown above? A)
16

A) (2 x 2 − 3 y ) 2 B)
1
8
B) (2 x 2 − 3 y 2 ) 2
C) 8
C) (2 x − 3 y ) 2 2
D) 16

D) (2 x − 3 y ) 2

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Laws of Exponents and Polynomials

Exercises – Prime Factorization, GCF, and LCM

1 4

42 x 2 y 2 + 63 xy 3 If x and y are positive integers and 12=

3
2x ⋅ 3y ,
what is the value of x + y ?
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above?

A) 21x 2 y 2 (2 x + 3 y )

B) 21xy 2 (2 x + 3 y )

C) 21x 2 y (2 x + 3 y )

D) 21xy (2 x + 3 y )

2 5
12 x 2 y − 18 xy 2 z If 2 × 59 − k × 58 = 2 × 58 , what is the value of k ?

Which of the following is equivalent to the

expression shown above?

A) 6 xy (2 x − 3 yz )

B) 6 x 2 y (2 x − 3 yz )

C) 6 xy 2 (2 x − 3 yz )

D) 6 x 2 y 2 (2 x − 3 yz )

3 6
5a b − 10abc + 5bc
2 2
If 1299 − 1297 = 1297 × n , what is the value of n ?

Which of the following is equivalent to the

expression shown above?

A) 5b(a − b) 2

B) 5c(a − b) 2

C) 5a (b − c) 2

D) 5b(a − c) 2

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 77
Laws of Exponents and Polynomials

Exercises – Factoring Using the Distributive Property

1 4
mn − 5n − m + 5
1 + 2 x − x(1 + 2 x)
Which of the following is equivalent to the
Which of the following is equivalent to the expression shown above?
expression shown above?

A) (m − 5)(n − 1)
A) (1 − 2 x) 2
B) (m − 1)(n − 5)
B) (1 + 2 x)(1 − x)
C) (m + 5)(n + 1)
C) − x(1 + 2 x)
D) (m − 5)(5n − 1)
D) x(1 − 2 x)

2 5
What is the value of x , if rx + sx =
3 and 7 y 2 − 21xy − 2 y + 6 x
1
r +s =?
3 Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above?
A) 1
A) (7 y − 3)( y − 2 x)
B) 3
C) 9 B) (7 y − 2)(2 y − 3 x)

D) 27 C) (7 y − 2)( y − 3 x)

D) (7 y + 2)(2 y − 3 x)

3 6

2ax − 6a − 3 x + 9 x − 2 y + 3 z − 2 wx + 4 wy − 6 wz

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? expression shown above?

A) (2a − 1)( x − 9) A) (1 + 2 w)( x + 2 y − 3 z )

B) (2a − 3)(2 x − 3) B) (1 − 2 w)( x − 2 y + 3 z )
C) (a − 3)(2 x − 3) C) (1 + 2 w)( x − 2 y − 3 z )
D) (2a − 3)( x − 3) D) (1 − 2 w)( x − y − 3 z )

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 78
Chapter 10

Chapter 10 Practice Test

1 4

2( a + b )
2
1 1
9 , then ( x − ) 2 =
If ( x + ) 2 =
2 ( a −b )2 x x

Which of the following is equivalent to the A) 3

expression shown above?
B) 5
C) 7
A) 8( a + b )
D) 9
B) 8ab

C) 16a + b

D) 16ab
5

4 8
− 1
If 8 3 ⋅ 8 3 = , what is the value of m ?
2 2m
2m 2 n − mnp − 6m + 3 p
4
A) −
3
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? B) −4
4
A) (2m − n)(mp − 3) C)
3
B) (2m − p )(mn − 3) D) 4
C) (2m + p )(mn + 3)

D) (2m − n)(mn − 3 p )

(−2 xy 2 )3
3 If xy ≠ 0 , then =
4 x4 y5
a +b 2 a −b 2
( ) −( ) =
2 2 xy
A) −
2
A) ab
2
B) −
B) −ab x
2ab + b 2 2y
C) C) −
2 x2
D) ab + b 2 2y
D) −
x

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 79
Laws of Exponents and Polynomials

7 10

If x12 = 32n 4 and x9 = 4n , then x = (2.1× 10−3 )(2 × 105 )

If −4
= 6 × 10n , what is the
7 × 10
A) 2n value of n ?
1
B) 2n 2
1
C) 4n 2
D) 4n

8 11
3 1
(3 x3 − 2 x 2 − 7) − (−2 x 2 + 6 x + 2) −
If a 4 = 8 , what is the value of a 2 ?

Which of the following is equivalent to the

expression shown above?

A) 3( x3 + 2 x − 6)

B) 3( x3 − 2 x − 9)

C) 3( x3 + 2 x − 3)

D) 3( x3 − 2 x − 3)

9 12

9 x − ( x − 3)( x + 12) x2 − x − a 8
= x +1−
x−2 x−2
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? In the equation above, what is the value of a ?

A) 36 − 18x − x 2

B) 36 + 12x − x 2
C) (6 − x)(6 + x)

D) (6 − x) 2

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 80
Chapter 10

Answer Key

Section 10-1
3
1. 9 2. 3. 9 4. 155 5. D
16
2
6. 3 7. 8. 9 9. 4
3

Section 10-2
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. 2
6. 3

Section 10-3
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. A
6. C

Section 10-4
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. 9 5. 8
6. 143

Section 10-5
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C
6. B

Chapter 10 Practice Test

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D
6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. 5
1
11. 12. 10
4

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 81
Quadratic Functions

Exercises - Graphs of Quadratic Equations

3
Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following y
information.
=
y a ( x − h) 2
y
5
y = x2 − 6 x + 5
4
3
2
1 x
x O (4,0)
−3 −2 −1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−2
−3 In the xy - plane above, the parabola= y a ( x − h) 2
−4
−5 V has one x- intercept at (4, 0) . If the y - intercept
of the parabola is 9, what is the value of a ?
The graph of quadratic function y = x 2 − 6 x + 5 is
shown above.

1
Which of the following is an equivalent form
of the equation of the graph shown above, from
which the coordinates of vertex V can be
identified as constants in the equation? 4
In the xy - plane, if the parabola with equation
A) y =( x − 1)( x − 5) y = a ( x + 2) 2 − 15 passes through (1,3) , what
B) y =( x + 1)( x + 5) is the value of a ?

C) y = x( x − 6) + 5

D) y =( x − 3) 2 − 4

2
Which of the following is an equivalent form 5
of the equation of the graph shown above, that
The graph of the equation y = a ( x − 1)( x + 5) is
displays the x- intercepts of the parabola as
constants? a parabola with vertex (h, k ) . If the minimum
value of y is −12 , what is the value of a ?
A) y =( x − 1)( x − 5)

B) y =( x + 1)( x + 5)

C) y = x( x − 6) + 5

D) y =( x − 3) 2 − 4

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 82
Chapter 11

Exercises – Factoring Trinomials

1 4

x 2 − 2 x − 24 3x 2 + 7 x − 6

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression above? expression above?

A) ( x + 3)( x − 8) A) (3 x − 2)( x + 3)

B) ( x − 3)( x + 8) B) (3 x + 2)( x − 3)

C) ( x − 6)( x + 4) C) (3 x − 1)( x + 6)

D) ( x + 6)( x − 4) D) (3 x + 1)( x − 6)

2 5

x 2 − 17 x + 72 2 x 2 + x − 15

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression above? expression above?

A) ( x + 8)( x − 9) A) (2 x + 3)( x − 5)

B) ( x − 8)( x − 9) B) (2 x − 3)( x + 5)

C) ( x − 12)( x − 6) C) (2 x − 5)( x + 3)

D) ( x − 12)( x + 6) D) (2 x + 5)( x − 3)

3 6

− x 2 + 5 x + 84 −6 x 2 + x + 2

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression above? expression above?

A) (12 − x)( x + 7) A) −(6 x + 1)( x − 2)

B) (12 + x)( x − 7) B) −(6 x − 1)( x + 2)

C) (21 + x)( x − 4) C) −(3 x + 2)(2 x − 1)

D) (21 − x)( x + 4) D) −(3 x − 2)(2 x + 1)

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 83
Chapter 11

Exercises – Factoring Differences of Squares and Perfect Square Trinomials

1 4

3 x 2 − 48 If x + y =
10 and x − y =4 , what is the value

Which of the following is equivalent to the of x 2 − y 2 ?

expression above?
A) 20
A) 3( x − 4)( x + 4) B) 24
C) 36
B) 3( x − 4) 2
D) 40
C) (3 x − 4)( x + 4)

D) (3 x + 4)( x − 4)
5

6 x 2 + 7 x − 24 =
0
2 If r and s are two solutions of the equation
above and r > s , which of the following is the
x − 6 x − 16
value of r − s ?
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression above? 7
A)
6

A) ( x − 4) 2 B)
16
3
B) ( x − 4)( x + 4)
25
C)
C) ( x + 8)( x − 2) 6

D) ( x − 8)( x + 2) D)
20
3

3 6

If x 2 + y 2 =
10 and xy = −3 , what is the value x 2 − 3x =
28
of ( x − y ) 2 ?
If r and s are two solutions of the equation
above, which of the following is the value of
A) 12 r+s?
B) 16
A) −3
C) 20
B) 3
D) 25
C) 6
D) 9

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 84
Chapter 11

Exercises - Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square

1 4

If x 2 − 10 x =
75 and x < 0 , what is the value k2
x 2 − rx =
of x + 5 ? 4

A) −15 In the quadratic equation above, k and r are

are constants. What are the solutions for x ?
B) −10
C) −5
r k 2 + 2r 2
D) 0 A) x= ±
4 4

r k 2 + 8r 2
B) x= ±
2 4
2
r k2 + r2
k C) x= ±
20 and x −
If x 2 − kx = = 6 , which of the 4 2
2
following is a possible value of x ? r k2 + r2
D) x= ±
2 2
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6 5
D) 8
If ( x − 7)( x − s ) = x 2 − rx + 14 for all values of x ,
what is the value of r + s ?

3
k
x2 − x=
5
3

Which of the following is an equivalent form of the

equation shown above, from which the equation
could be solved by completing the square?
6
k k k
A) x 2 − x + = + 5 If x 2 −
3
x + c = ( x − k ) 2 , what is the value of c ?
3 6 6 2
k k2 k2
B) x 2 − x+ = +5
3 9 9

k k2 k2
C) x 2 − x+ = +5
3 36 36

k k2 k2
D) x 2 − x+ = +5
3 6 6

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 85
Quadratic Functions

Exercises - Quadratic Formula and the Discriminant

1 4

( p − 1) x 2 − 2 x − ( p + 1) =
0  =
y bx − 3

= y ax 2 − 7 x
In the quadratic equation above, p is a constant.
What are the solutions for x ? In the system of equations above, a and b are
constants. For which of the following values of
a and b does the system of equations have exactly
1 + 2 − p2 1 − 2 − p2 two real solutions?
A) and
p −1 p −1

1+ 2 p A) a = 3, b = −2
B) and −1
p −1 B)=
a 5,=b 0
p +1 C)=a 7,=b 2
C) and −1
p −1
D)=a 9,=b 4
p +1 2 p +1
D) and
p −1 p −1

2 5
What is the sum of all values of x that satisfy What are the solutions to x 2 + 4 =−6 x ?
3 x 2 + 12 x − 29 =
0?
A) −3 ± 13
A) −4
B) −3 ± 5
B) −2
C) 2 C) −6 ± 5

D) 4 D) −6 ± 13

3 6

If the quadratic equation kx 2 + 6 x + 4 =0 has Which of the following equations has no real
exactly one solution, what is the value of k ? solution?

3 A) 5 x 2 − 10 x =
6
A)
2 B) 4 x 2 + 8 x + 4 =0
5
B) C) 3 x 2 − 5 x =
−3
2
1
7 D) − x 2 + 2 x − 2 =0
C) 3
4
9
D)
4

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 86
Quadratic Functions

Exercises - Solving Systems Consisting Linear and Quadratic Equations

1 3
y y = f ( x)
V
16
(0, )
3
( − a, b) ( a, b)

y = g ( x)

x x
(−4,0) O (2,0) O

The function f and g , defined by f (=

x) 2 x 2 + 2
The xy - plane above shows two x- intercepts, and g ( x) =
−2 x 2 + 18 , are graphed in the xy - plane
a y - intercept and vertex V of a parabola. If above. The two graphs intersect at the points (a, b)
the line passes through the points (2, 0) and V , and (−a, b) . What is the value of b ?
which of the following must be the y - intercept
of the line?
A) 6

A) 3 B) 8

7 C) 10
B)
2 D) 12
C) 4
9
D)
2
4

 x 2 + y 2 =14
 2
2  x − y = 2

 =y x2 + x If ( x, y ) is a solution to the system of equations


 =
y ax − 1
above, what is the value of x 2 ?

In the system of equations above, a > 0 . If the

system of equations has exactly one real solution, A) 2
what is the value of a ? B) 3
C) 4
5
A) D) 5
2
B) 3
7
C)
2
D) 4

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 87
Chapter 11

Chapter 11 Practice Test

1 3
y y

B C
(0,6)

x
(−2,0) O (6,0) x
A(−1,0) O (3,0) D(8,0)

The graph of the quadratic function above shows

In the figure above, the vertex of the graph of
two x- intercepts and a y - intercept. Which of
the quadratic function is at (3, 0) . The points
the following equations represents the graph of
the quadratic function above? B and C lie on the parabola. If ABCD is a
rectangle with perimeter 38, which of the
following represents the equation of the parabola?
1
A) y =
− ( x − 1) 2 + 9
2
2
A)=y ( x − 3) 2
1 5
B) y =
− ( x − 2) 2 + 8
2
5
B) =y ( x − 3) 2
1 8
C) y =
− ( x − 2) 2 + 9
2
3
C)=y ( x − 3) 2
1 4
D) y =
− ( x − 3) 2 + 8
2
7
D)=y ( x − 3) 2
8

If ( x + y ) 2 =
324 and ( x − y ) 2 =
16 , what is the 4
value of xy ?
If (ax + b)(2 x − 5)= 12 x 2 + kx − 10 for all values
of x , what is the value of k ?
A) 33
B) 55 A) −26

C) 77 B) −10

D) 99 C) 24
D) 32

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 88
Quadratic Functions

7
Questions 5-8 refer to the following
information. What is the maximum height from the ground the
object will reach, to the nearest meter?
1
h=
− gt 2 + v0 t + h0
2 A) 103
B) 112
The equation above describes the motion of an object
thrown upward into the air. In the equation, g is the C) 125
acceleration due to gravity (9.8m/s 2 ) , t is the time D) 133
elapsed since the object was thrown upward, v0 is
the initial speed of the object, h0 is the initial height
from which the object was thrown, and h is the height
of the object above the ground t seconds after the
8
object was thrown.
How long will it take the object to hit the ground,
to the nearest second? (hint: Height of the object
is zero when the object hits the ground.)
5
Which of the following equations represents the A) 7
motion of the object, if the object was thrown
B) 8
upward from 40 meters above the ground with
an initial speed of 35 meters per second (m/s) ? C) 9
D) 10
A) h =
−9.8t + 40t + 35
2

B) h =
−9.8t 2 + 35t + 40

C) h =
−4.9t 2 + 40t + 35

D) h =
−4.9t 2 + 35t + 40
9

h=
−16t 2 + h0

6 The equation above describes the height of an

object t seconds after it dropped from a height
How many seconds will it take the object to reach
of h0 feet above the ground. If a hiker dropped
its maximum height? (hint: The function has a
b a water bottle from a cliff 150 feet above the
maximum point at t = − .) ground, how many seconds will it take to hit the
2a ground? (Round your answer to the nearest
second.)
15
A)
7
A) 2
20 B) 3
B)
7
C) 4
25 D) 5
C)
7
30
D)
7

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 89
Chapter 11

Answer Key

Section 11-1
9 4
1. D 2. A 3. 4. 2 5.
16 3

Section 11-2
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C
6. D

Section 11-3
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. C
6. B

Section 11-4
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. 11
9
6.
16

Section 11-5
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. B
6. C

Section 11-6
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D

Chapter 11 Practice Test

1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. D
6. C 7. A 8. B 9. B

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 90

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 91
Chapter 12

Exercises - Operations on Functions and Composition of Functions

1 4

If f ( x) = x 2 − 3 x − 1 and g ( x) = 1 − x , 1 − 5x
If f ( x) = and g ( x)= 2 − x , what is the
what is the value of f  g (−2) ? 2
value of f ( g (3)) ?
A) −3
B) −1 A) −7
C) 1 B) −2
D) 3 C) 2
D) 3

2 Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following

3 information.
If f ={(−4,12), ( − 2, 4), (2, 0), (3, )} and
2
g= {(−2,5), (0,1), (4, −7), (5, −9)} , what is x f ( x) g ( x)
the value of g  f (2) ?
−2 −5 0
A) −9 0 6 4
B) −7 3 0 −5
C) 1
D) 5 The table above gives values of f and g at
selected values of x .

5
What is the value of f ( g (−2)) ?

3
A function f satisfies f (−1) = 8 and f (1) = −2 .
A function g satisfies g (2) = 5 and g (−1) = 1.
What is the value of f ( g (−1)) ?

6
A) −2
What is the value of g ( f (3)) ?
B) 1
C) 5
D) 8

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 92
Chapter 12

Exercises - Recursive Formula

1 4
A sequence is recursively defined by If A0 is the initial amount deposited into a savings
=an (an −1 ) + 2 . If a0 = 2 , what
2 account that earns at a fixed rate of r percent per
year, and a constant amount of 12b is added to
is the value of a2 ?
the account each year, then amount An of the
savings n years after the initial deposit is made
A) 5 r
is given by the equation An = (1 + ) ⋅ An −1 + 12b .
B) 6 100
What is A3 , the amount you have in the savings
C) 8 three years after you made the initial deposit, if
D) 3 r = 5 , A0 = 12, 000 , and b = 400 ?

A) $23, 070.00
B) $26, 048.00
2 C) $29, 023.50
A sequence is recursively defined by D) $35, 274.68
f (an )
an +=
1 an − . If a0 = 1 , f ( x=
) x 2 − 3x ,
g (an )
and g ( x=
) 2 x − 3 , what is the value of a2 ?

A) −3 5

1 The number of gallons, Pn , of a pollutant in

B) − a lake at the end of each month is given by the
5
=
recursively defined formula Pn 0.85 Pn −1 + 20 .
C) 2
If the initial amount P0 of a pollutant in the lake
3 is 400 gallons, what is P3 , the amount of pollutant
D)
2 in the lake at the end of the third month, to the
nearest gallon?

A) 297

3 B) 285
C) 273
If =
f ( x) 2 x 2 − 1 , what is the value
D) 262
of f  f  f (2) ?

A) 10

B) 15

C) 21
D) 5

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 93
Chapter 12

Exercises - Exponential Functions and Graphs

1 2
During a decade of continuous drought, the water y
level of a lake has decreased by 10 percent each
30,000

Value of Cars (in dollars)

year. Which of the following graphs could model
the water level of the lake as a function of time? 25,000
Model A
20,000
A) y 15,000 (6, 12,000)
Model B
Water Level

10,000
5,000
x
x 2 4 6 8 10
O 5 10 Time (years)
Time (years)
In the graph above, each exponential curve
B) y represents the values, in dollars, of two different
cars as a function of time in years. At time t = 0 ,
Water Level

the price of model A was $30,000 and the price

of model B was $24,000. At time t = 6 , the price
of both models were $12,000.
x Based on the graphs above, which of the following
O 5 10 must be true?
Time (years)
I. At time t = 0 , the price of model A was
C) y 25% more than the price of model B .
Water Level

II. At time t = 0 , the price of model B was

20% less than the price of model A .
III. From time t = 0 to t = 6 , the average rate
x of decrease in the value of model A was
O 5 10 1.5 times the average rate of decrease in the
Time (years) value of model B .

D) y
A) I and II only
Water Level

B) I and III only

C) II and III only
x D) I, II, and III
O 5 10
Time (years)
3

If f ( x) = 12, 000(0.9) x and g ( x) = 14, 000(0.85) x ,

what is the value of g (2) − f (2) ?

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 94
Chapter 12

Exercises - Exponential Growth and Decay

1 4
The number of rabbits in a certain population A certain radioactive substance has a half-life
doubles every 40 days. If the population starts of 12 days. This means that every 12 days, half
with 12 rabbits, which of the following gives of the original amount of the substance decays.
the total number of rabbits in the population If there are 128 milligrams of the radioactive
after t days? substance today, how many milligrams will be
left after 48 days?
t
A) 12(2)( )
40 A) 4
40 B) 8
B) 12(2)( )
t C) 16
40
D) 32
C) 12(2) t
t
D) 12(2) 40

Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following

information.
2
Population P of a town is 80,000 this year. Evelyn deposited $3,000 into her bank account, which
If the population of the town decreases at a rate earns 4 percent interest compounded annually. She
of 4 percent each year, which of the following uses the expression $3, 000( x)t to find the value of the
expressions gives population P after t years? account after t years.

A) 80, 000(0.6)t 5

B) 80, 000(0.96)t What is the value of x in the expression?

C) 80, 000(0.96t )

D) 80, 000(1 − 0.04t )

3 6
A house bought ten years ago for $150,000 was Evelyn deposited the same amount into an account
sold for $240,000 this year. Which of the following that earns 5 percent interest rate compounded
equations can be used to solve the annual growth annually. How much more money than her original
rate r of the value of the house? deposit in the account with 4 percent interest rate
compounded annually will she have earned in 10
years?
r
A) =
240, 000 150, 000(1 + ) (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.)
10
B) =
240, 000 150, 000(1 + 10r )

C) =
240, 000 150, 000(1 + r )10

D) 240, 000 = 150, 000(r )10

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 95
Composition, Recursion, and Exponential Functions

Chapter 12 Practice Test

1 4

If f ( x) = 2 x and g ( x) = 2 x 2 , what is the value The half-life of a radioactive substance is the

amount of time it takes for half of the substance
of f ( g (1)) − g ( f (1)) ?
to decay. The table below shows the time (in years)
and the amount of substance left for a certain
A) −4 radioactive substance.

B) −2
Time (years) Amount (grams)
C) 2
D) 4 0 1, 200

14 850

28 600

42 425
2
56 300
If =
f ( x) 625 − x 2 and g= ( x) 225 − x 2 ,
what is the value of f ( f (5)) − g (( g 5)) ? How much of the original amount of the substance,
to the nearest whole gram, will remain after 140
years?
A) 0
B) 5 A) 85
C) 10 B) 75
D) 20 C) 53
D) 38

3 5
The population of a certain town doubles every A radioactive substance decays at a rate of 18%
25 years. If the population of the town was 51,200 per year. If the initial amount of the substance is
in 1980, in what year was the population 6,400? 100 grams, which of the following functions
models the remaining amount of the substance, in
A) 1855 grams, after t years?
B) 1880
A) f (t ) = 100(0.18)t
C) 1905
D) 1930 B) f (t ) = 100(0.82)t

C) f =
(t ) 100 − 100(0.18)t

D) f =
(t ) 100 − 100(0.82)t

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 96
Chapter 12

6
r t
5, 000(1 + ) Questions 8 and 9 refer to the following
100 information.

The expression above gives the value of an y

investment, in dollars, that pays an annual 500

Population of Insects
interest rate of r % compounded yearly.
5,000 is the initial amount and t is the number 400
of years after the initial amount was deposited.
Which of the following expressions shows the 300
difference between the value of a 15 year
investment at 6% annual compound interest and 200
a 12 year investment at 6% annual compound
100
interest?
x
5 10 15 20 25
 15 
Time (days)
A) 5, 000 (1.06)12 
 
The graph above shows the size of a certain insect
 (1.06)15  population over 25 days. The population at time
B) 5, 000  12  t = 0 was 100. A biologist used the equation
 (1.06) 
t

C) 5, 000 (1.06) − (1.06) 

15 12  f (t ) = 100(2) d to model the population.

D) 5, 000 (1.06)15−12 
8
What is the value of d in the equation?

7
The price P , in dollars, of a truck t years after
it was purchased is given by the function
t 9
1
P(t ) = 24, 000( ) 6 . To the nearest dollar, what
2 What was the population of the insect after 15
is the price of the truck 9 years after it was days, to the nearest whole number?
purchased?

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 97
Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 12-1
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. 6
6. 4

Section 12-2
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A

Section 12-3
1. A 2. D 3. 395

Section 12-4
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. 1.04
6. 446

Chapter 12 Practice Test

1. B 2. A 3.C 4. D 5. B
6. C 7. 8485 8. 10 9. 283

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 98

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 99
Chapter 13

Exercises - Polynomial Functions and Their Graphs

1 4

The graph of f ( x) = ax3 + x 2 − 18 x − 9 intersects If function f has four distinct zeros, which of
the x- axis at (3, 0) . What is the value of a ? the following could represent the complete graph
of f in the xy - plane?
A) −1 A) B)
y y
B) 0
C) 1
D) 2 x x
O O

2 C) D)
y y
In the xy - plane, the graph of function f has
x- intercepts at −7 , −5 , and 5 . Which of the
following could define f ?
x x
O O

A) f ( x) =−
( x 7)( x 2 − 25)

B) f ( x) =−
( x 7)( x 2 + 25)
5
C) f ( x) =+
( x 7)( x 2 − 25)
y
D) f ( x) =+
( x 7)( x 2 + 25)
y = f ( x)

3 1
x
O 1
y

1
x The complete graph of function f is shown on
O 1
the xy - plane above, for −5 ≤ x ≤ 5 . Which of
the following is/are true?
I. f is strictly decreasing for −5 < x < 0 .
II. f (−3) =
1
What is the minimum value of the function graphed III. f is minimum at x = 5 .
on the xy - plane above, for −5 ≤ x ≤ 5 ?

A) I only
A) −4
B) II only
B) −3
C) −2 C) III only

D) −∞ D) I and II only

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 100
Chapter 13

Exercises - Polynomial Functions and Their Graphs

1 4
If −1 and 1 are two real roots of the polynomial
x f ( x)
function f ( x) = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d and (0,3) is
the y - intercept of graph of f , what is the value −4 −10
of b ?
−3 0

A) −3 −1 −4
B) −1 2 20
C) 2
D) 4 The function f is defined by a polynomial.
Some values of x and f ( x) are shown in the
table above. Which of the following must be
a factor of f ( x) ?

2
A) x + 4
What is the remainder of polynomial
B) x + 3
p ( x) =81x5 − 121x3 − 36 divided by x + 1 ?
C) x + 1
A) −76 D) x − 2
B) −36
C) 4
D) 6 5

x3 − 8 x 2 + 3 x − 24 =
0

For what real value of x is the equation above

true?
3
If x − 2 is a factor of polynomial
p ( x) = a ( x3 − 2 x) + b( x 2 − 5) , which of the
following must be true?

A) a + b =0
B) 2a − b =0 6

C) 2a + b =0 If x > 0 , what is the solution to the equation

x4 − 8x2 =
9?
D) 4a − b =0

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 101
Polynomial and Radical Functions

Exercises - Radical Expressions

1 4

−
1 Which of the following is equal to
Which of the following is equal to a 2 ?
8 + 18 − 32 ?

A) − a A) 2
1 B) 2 2
B)
a
C) 3 2
1
C) −
a D) 3

1
D)
a2

2 5

1 Which of the following is equal to

Which of the following is equal to ?
3− 2 2 (1 + 3)(2 − 3) ?

A) 3 − 2 A) 1 − 3
B) 3 + 2 B) 1 + 3
C) 3 + 2 2 C) −1 − 3
D) 3 + 4 2 D) −1 + 3

3 6

If ( x + 1)3 =
−64 , what is the value of x ? 5
Which of the following is equal to b 3 ?

A) −6
B) −5 A) b ⋅ b

C) −4 1
B) b ⋅ b 3
D) −3
C) b ⋅ 3 b

D) b ⋅ 3 b 2

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 102
Polynomial and Radical Functions

Exercises - Solving Radical Equations

1 4

11 − 2 x + 3 =8 5 x − 12 =
3 2

What is the solution set of the equation above? What is the solution set of the equation above?

A) 0 A) 2
B) 3 B) 4
C) 6 C) 6
D) 9 D) 8

2 5
1
−3 x + 4 =7 If a = 3 and 2 − 3 x =a , what is the value
3
of x ?
What is the solution set of the equation above?

A) −15
B) −12
C) −8
D) −6

3 6

x + 18 =x − 2 If k= 8 − 2 and 3
x−k =−2 , what is the value
2
What is the solution set of the equation above? of x ?

A) {−2}
B) {7}
C) {−2, 7}
D) {2, −7}

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 103
Chapter 13

Exercises - Complex Numbers

1 4
Which of the following is equal Which of the following is equal
to −1 − −4 + −9 ? 1 1
to (5i − 3) − (4i + 5) ?
2 3
A) i
3 5
B) 2i A) i−
2 2
C) 3i
7 7
D) 4i B) i−
6 3
7 19
C) i−
6 6
5 17
D) i−
2 6 6
Which of the following is equal
to −2 ⋅ −8 ?
5
A) −4i
If (4 + i ) 2 =a + bi , what is the value of a + b ?
B) 4i
C) −4
D) 4

3
Which of the following complex numbers is equal
3−i 6
to ?
3+i
3−i
If the expression is rewritten in the form
1 − 2i
9 3i
A) − a + bi , in which a and b are real numbers, what
10 5 is the value of a + b ?
9 3i
B) +
10 5
3 3i
C) −
5 5
4 3i
D) −
5 5

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 104
Polynomial and Radical Functions

Chapter 13 Practice Test

1 3

If the graph of f ( x) = 2 x3 + bx 2 + 4 x − 4 intersects What is the value of a if x + 2 is a factor

1 of f ( x) =
−( x3 + 3 x 2 ) − 4( x − a ) ?
the x- axis at ( , 0), and (−2, k ) lies on the graph
2
of f , what is the value of k ? A) −2
B) −1
A) −4
C) 0
B) −2
D) 1
C) 0
D) 2

2 y

(0,3)
y

(3,0)
y = f ( x) x
O

1
x
O 1

x2 + y 2 =
9
y=−( x − 3) 2
x+ y =
3
The function y = f ( x) is graphed on the xy - plane
above. If k is a constant such that the equation A system of three equations and their graphs on
f ( x) = k has one real solution, which of the the xy - plane are shown above. How many
solutions does the system have?
following could be the value of k ?

A) 1
A) −3
B) 2
B) −1
C) 3
C) 1
D) 4
D) 3

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Chapter 13

5 8
Which of the following complex numbers is 2x + 6 = x + 3
(1 − i ) 2
equivalent to ?
1+ i What is the solution set of the equation above?

i 1 A) {−3}
A) − −
2 2
B) {−1}
i 1
B) − + C) {−3, 2}
2 2
C) −i − 1 D) {−3, −1}
D) −i + 1

9
What is the remainder when polynomial
6
1
3
p ( x) = 24 x3 − 36 x 2 + 14 is divided by x − ?
Which of the following is equal to a a? 2

2 A) 4
A) a 3 B) 6
4
C) 8
B) a3
5
D) 10
C) a3
7
D) a 3
10
The function f is defined by a polynomial. If
x + 2 , x + 1 , and x − 1 are factors of f , which
of the following table could define f ?
7

p( x) =
−2 x3 + 4 x 2 − 10 x A) B)
q( x) = x 2 − 2 x + 5 x f ( x) x f ( x)
−2 4 −2 0
The polynomials p ( x) and q ( x) are defined above. −1 0 −1 4
Which of the following polynomials is divisible by 1 0 1 0
x −1 ? 0 0
2 2

1
A) f= ( x) p( x) − q( x) C) D)
2
x f ( x) x f ( x)
1
B) g ( x) =− p( x) − q( x) −2 0 −2 0
2
1 −1 0 −1 0
C) h( x) = − p( x) + q( x) 1 4 1 0
2
1 2 0 2 4
D) =
k ( x) p( x) + q( x)
2

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Answers and Explanations

Answer Key
Section 13-1
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B
Section 13-2
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. 8
6. 3
Section 13-3
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D
6. D
Section 13-4
5
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5.
9
6. 2

Section 13-5
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. 23
6. 2

Chapter 13 Practice Test

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C
6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. D

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 107
Rational Expressions

Exercises - Rational Expressions

1 4
If n ≠ 4 , which of the following is equivalent If x ≠ ±1 , which of the following is equivalent
n2
4n 1
to + ? 1−
n−4 4−n to x +1 ?
1
1+ 2
A) n x −1

n(n + 4) x −1
B) A)
n−4 x
n x +1
C) B)
n−4 x
n+4 x −1
D) C)
n−4 x2
x +1
D)
2 x2
If a ≠ ±1 , which of the following is equivalent
a 1
to 2 − ?
a −1 a +1 5
If x > 3 , which of the following is equivalent
1 x−3
A) to ?
a −1 1 1
−
1 x + 2 2x −1
B)
a +1
x−3
A)
2a − 1 ( x + 2)(2 x − 1)
C)
a2 −1
( x + 2)(2 x − 1)
1 B)
D) x−3
a2 −1
C) ( x + 2)(2 x − 1)

D) 2 x − 1
3
If y ≠ −1 and y ≠ 0 , which of the following is
y2 −1 6
equivalent to ?
1
1+ x 2 − xy x − y
y If ÷ 2 = ax 2 , what is the value of a ?
2x 3x
y −1
A)
y

B) y ( y − 1)

y
C)
y +1

D) y − 1

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 108
Rational Expressions

Exercises - Solving Rational Equations

1 4
x x−2 3 1
= + =
2
x −1 x +1 x − 3x
2
3− x

What is the solution set of the equation above? What is the solution set of the equation above?

A) −2 1
A) {− }
2
1
B) − B) {3}
2
1 1
C) C) {− , 3}
2 2
D) 2 1
D) {− , − 3}
2

2 5
x 4 1
−2 = If f ( x) = is undefined
x−3 x−2 ( x − a ) − 4( x − a ) + 4
2

when x = 6 , what is the value of a ?

What is the solution set of the equation above?

A) {0}

B) {2}

C) {0, 2}

D) {0, 4}

6
3 1
g ( x) =
1 2 −4 ( x + 3) 2 − 24( x + 3) + 144
− =
x x − 2 x − 2x
2

For what value of x is function g above

What is the solution set of the equation above? undefined?

A) −2
B) 0
C) 2
D) There is no solution to the equation.

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 109
Rational Expressions

Exercises - Direct, Inverse, and Joint Variations

1
Which of the following tables shows Questions 4 and 5 refer to the following
a relationship in which y is directly information.
proportional to x ? k
L= 2
d
A) x −2 0 2 B) x −2 0 2
The formula above shows the brightness of the light
y −1 1 3 y 5 0 −5 of an object, which varies inversely as the square of
the distance. L , measured in lumens, is the brightness
of the light and d , measured in meters, is the distance
from the object to the light source.
C) x −2 0 2 D) x −2 0 2
y −3 1 5 y 3 1 −1
4
At distance 2 meters from a light source, the
brightness of an object was measured at 9 lumens.
What is the value of k ?
2
A) 18
The distance it takes an automobile to stop varies
directly as the square of its speed. If the stopping B) 24
distance of a car traveling at 40 mph is 320 feet,
what is the stopping distance of a car traveling C) 32
at 50mph? D) 36

A) 360 ft
B) 420 ft
C) 500 ft 5
D) 580 ft The brightness of an object was measured d
meters away from a light source. The brightness
of the same object was measured 1.5d meters
from the light source. What is the ratio of
brightness of the object when it is close to the
3 light source to when it is farther away from the
light source?
If y varies inversely as x , and y = 12 when 9
x = 16 , what is the value of y when x = 100 ? A)
4
5
A) 1.2 B)
2
B) 3
7
C)
C) 4.8 4
D) 6.4 3
D)
2

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Rational Expressions

Exercises - Solving Word Problems Using Rational Equations

3
Three printers A, B, and C , working together
Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following
information. at their respective constant rates, can finish a job
in 4.5 hours. Printers A and B, working together,
1 1 1 can finish the same job in 6 hours. How many
+ = hours will it take printer C , working alone, to
4 6 x
finish the job?
Working alone, a painter can paint a house in four
days. Working alone, his assistant can paint the A) 12.5
same house in six days. Working together, they can
B) 14
finish painting the house in x days. The equation
above represents the situation described. C) 16.5
D) 18
1

1
Which of the following describes what
x
represents in the above equation? 4
Mike can do a job in 48 minutes. If his brother
A) The portion of the job that the painter can helps him, it takes them 32 minutes. How many
finish in one day. minutes does it take Mike’s brother to do the job
alone?
B) The portion of the job that the assistant can
finish in one day.
A) 72
C) The portion of the job that the painter and
assistant together can finish in one day. B) 80
D) The portion of the job that the painter and C) 96
assistant together can finish in four days. D) 102

2
5
How many days will it take them to finish painting
the house working together? James can do a job in 8 hours and Peter can do the
13
same job in 5 hours. If they finished of the job
4 25
A) 1 by working together, how long did they work
5
together?
2
B) 2
5 A) 1 hour 24 minutes
4 B) 1 hour 36 minutes
C) 2
5 C) 1 hour 48 minutes
1 D) 2 hours 8 minutes
D) 3
5

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Chapter 14

Chapter 14 Practice Test

1 3
If a ≠ b , which of the following is equivalent (k + 1) 2
a b = 4k
to + ? k
a −b b−a
What is the solution set of the equation above?
1
A) 1 A) {− }
3
a+b
B) B) {−1}
a −b
a+b 1
C) {− ,1}
C)
( a − b) 2 3
1
a 2 + b2 D) { , −1}
D) 3
( a − b) 2

4
3 x 2
− =
x x+2 x+2
2
What is the solution set of the equation above?
If x > 0 and y > 0 , which of the following is
1 1
− A) {2, − 3}
x y
equivalent to ?
1
−
1 B) {−2, 3}
x2 y 2
C) {−2}
xy D) {3}
A)
x − y2
2

2 xy
B)
x − y2
2
5
xy x 4 20
C) + =
x+ y x + 1 x − 4 x − 3x − 4
2

What is the solution set of the equation above?

xy
D)
x− y
A) {−4}

B) {4}

C) {−4, 4}

D) There are no solutions to the equation.

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Rational Expressions

6 9
If x ≠ ±1 , which of the following is equivalent If x > 0 , what is the solution to the equation
1 1 3 1
1+ + = ?
to x −1 ? 2 x 10 x 2
5
1
1−
x +1

x −1
A)
x +1
x +1
B)
x −1

x2 − 1
C)
x2 + 1
10
x2 + 1
D)
x2 − 1 ab ab 2 1
If a ≠ b and ÷ =
− , what is the
a −b b−a 6
value of b ?
7
Working alone, Gary can load an empty truck in
3 hours. Working alone, his brother can load the
same truck in x hours. If Gary and his brother
worked together for t hours to load the empty
truck, which of the following equations can be
used to find out how much work was done during
t hours?
3
A) + xt
t
3 x
B) + 11
t t
1
C) 3t + xt a+
If 2 = 2 , what is the value of a ?
1
D)
1 1
t+ t a−
3 x 2

8
5
f ( x) =
2( x − 2) − 3( x − 2) − 2
2

What is one possible value of x , if function f

is undefined?

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Chapter 14

Answer Key

Section 14-1
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C
3
6.
2

Section 14-2
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. 4
6. 9

Section 14-3
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A

Section 14-4
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B

Chapter 14 Practice Test

1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A
3
6. B 7. D 8. or 4 9. 3
2
3
10. 6 11.
2

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Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 115
Chapter 15

Exercises - Trigonometric Ratios of Acute Angles

4
Questions 1- 3 refer to the following
information.
= BC
In the triangle shown below AB = 10
and AC = 12 .
B x y

10 10 Note: Figures not drawn to scale.

In the figures above y < x < 90 and

θ θ
A
12
C cos x = sin y  . If =
x 3a − 14 and =
y 50 − a ,
what is the value of a ?
1
What is the value of cos θ ? A) 16
B) 21
A) 0.4 C) 24
B) 0.6 D) 27
C) 0.8
D) 1.2

5
2
What is the value of sin θ ? B

c
a
A) 0.4
B) 0.6 C A
b
C) 0.8
D) 1.2 Given the right triangle ABC above, which of the
a
following is equal to ?
c
3
What is the value of tan θ ? I. sin A
II. cos B
3
A) III. tan A
4
4 A) I only
B)
3 B) II only
5 C) I and II only
C)
4
D) II and III only
5
D)
3

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Chapter 15

Exercises - The Radian Measure of an Angle

1 3
y
y
A
P (1,1)

x x
O Q O D B

In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the

π
circle and the measure of ∠AOD is . If the
3
In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the radius of circle O is 6 what is the length of AD ?
circle, and the measure of ∠POQ is kπ radians.
What is the value of k ? A) 3

B) 3 2
1
A) C) 4.5
6
D) 3 3
1
B)
4
1
C)
3
4
1
D) y
2
A(3, 4)

x
2 O D B

π
Which of the following is equal to cos( ) ?
8 In the figure above, what is the value of
cos ∠AOD ?
3π
A) cos( )
8
3
A)
7π 5
B) cos( )
8
3
B)
3π 4
C) sin( )
8 4
C)
7π 5
D) sin( )
8 4
D)
3

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Chapter 15

Exercises - The Trigonometric Functions and the Unit Circle

Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following Questions 3 and 4 refer to the following
information. information.

y y

P (−1, 3)
kπ
a
x
x O Q
O Q
P (− 3, −1)

In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the

In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the circle, and the measure of the angle shown is kπ
radians.
circle, and the measure of ∠POQ is a  .

1 3

What is the cosine of a ? What is the value of k ?

1 5
A) − A)
2 6

B) 3 7
B)
6
1
C) −
3 4
C)
3
3
D) 5
2 D)
3

2 4
What is the cosine of (a + 180) ? What is the value of tan(kπ ) ?

A) − 3 A) − 3

3 B) −1
B) −
2 1
C) −
1 3
C)
2 1
D)
1 3
D)
3

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Trigonometric Functions

Chapter 15 Practice Test

1
Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following
B information.
y
1 3
P(− , )
2 2
θ
A C kπ

Note: Figure not drawn to scale. x

O Q

3
In the right triangle shown above, if tan θ = ,
4
what is sin θ ?
In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the
A)
1 circle, and the measure of ∠POQ is kπ radians.
3
3
1
B)
2 What is the value of k ?
4
C) 1
5 A)
3
3
D) 1
5 B)
2
2
C)
2 3
3
B D)
4

s
4

C A What is cos(k + 1)π ?

s

In the isosceles right triangle shown above, what 1

A)
is tan ∠A ? 3
1
A) s B)
2
1
B) 3
s C)
2
C) 1
D) 3
s
D)
2

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Chapter 15

5 7
B In triangle ABC , the measure of ∠C is 90 ,
AC = 24 , and BC = 10 . What is the value of
sin A ?

A D C

In triangle ABC above, AC ⊥ BD . Which

of the following does not represent the area
of triangle ABC ?

1
A) ( AB cos ∠A + BC cos ∠C )( AB cos ∠ABD)
2 8
1 B
B) ( AB cos ∠A + BC cos ∠C )( BC sin ∠C )
2
1
C) ( AB sin ∠ABD + BC sin ∠CBD)( AB sin ∠A)
2 x
C A
1
D) ( AB sin ∠ABD + BC sin ∠CBD)( BC cos ∠C )
2 In the right triangle ABC above, the cosine of x
3
is . If BC = 12 , what is the length of AC ?
5
6

20

x x
A C
24

In the isosceles triangle above, what is the value

9
of sin x ?
If sin(5 x − 10)= cos(3 x + 16) , what is the value
of x ?
1
A)
2
3
B)
5
2
C)
3
4
D)
5

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 120
Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 15-1
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C

Section 15-2
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A

Section 15-3
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D

Chapter 15 Practice Test

1. D 2. C 3.C 4. B 5. D
5
6. D 7. 8. 9 9. 10.5
13

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IV. Geometry
Chapter 16: Lines and Angles
Chapter 17: Triangles
Chapter 18: Polygons
Chapter 19: Circles
Chapter 20: Surface Area and Volumes

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Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 123
Chapter 16

Exercises - Lines, Segments, and Rays

1
3
x+3 2x −1
P Q R
A B C D
In the figure above, Q is the midpoint of PR .
If PQ= x + 3 and QR = 2 x − 1 , what is the In the figure above, which of the following are
length of segment PR ? opposite rays?

A) 4 A) Ray AB and Ray CD

B) 7 B) Ray CA and Ray CD
C) 11 C) Ray DA and Ray AD
D) 14 D) Ray CA and Ray BD

2
4

P Q R S
x+3 3x − 6

Note: Figure not drawn to scale. A B C

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

On the segment PS above, PR = 12 , QS = 16 ,
1 2
and QR = PS . What is the length of PS ? In the figure above, AB = BC . What is the length
3 3
of AC ?
A) 19
A) 15
B) 20
B) 18
C) 21
C) 21
D) 22
D) 25

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Chapter 16

Exercises - Angles

1 3

C

40  ( x − 90)
B

D O A
In the figure above, what is the value of x ?

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

A) 140
B) 160 In the figure above, ray OB bisects ∠COA .
If m∠DOB =11x + 6 and m∠COA = 8 x − 12 ,
C) 190 what is the measure of ∠DOC ?
D) 230
A) 92
B) 96
C) 102
D) 108
2

4
x (3 y − 8)
(5 x − 12) D
E

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

A B C

In the figure above, what is the values of y ?

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

A) 52
In the figure above, m∠ABE = 120 and
B) 60
m∠CBD = 135 . What is the measure of ∠DBE ?
C) 68
D) 76 A) 63
B) 68
C) 75
D) 79

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Chapter 16

Exercises - Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

1 3

r 
t y
(5 y − 9) 70 m

(5 x + 4) x
3x n

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

Note: Figure not drawn to scale

In the figure above, lines  , m , and n are parallel.

In the figure above, r  t . What is the value
What is the value of x + y ?
of x + y ?

A) 160
A) 37
B) 200
B) 40
C) 230
C) 43
D) 290
D) 46

2 4


a b x
n

c
m 55
m
In the figure above, m  n . If a = 50 and b = 120 ,
what is the value of c ? In the figure above,   m . What is the value
of x ?

A) 50
A) 30
B) 60
B) 35
C) 70
C) 40
D) 80
D) 45

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Lines and Angles

Chapter 16 Practice Test

1 3

 m
A D
 

108 x
x 75

50
m
B C

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

In the figure above, lines  and m are parallel

In the figure above,   m . What is the value
and BD bisects ∠ABC . What is the value of x ?
of x ?

A) 54
A) 45
B) 60
B) 50
C) 68
C) 55
D) 72
D) 60

2 4

D B
(2 x + 15)



a
 y
x m
E A C

Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the figure above, DA  BC and AB bisects
∠DAC . What is the measure of ∠BCA in terms
In the figure above,   m . What is the value of a ?
of y ?
A) 180 − a

A) 120 B) 2a − 180

B) 125 C) 180 − 2a

C) 130 D) 2a − 90
D) 135

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Chapter 16

5 7

B x
D

68
x 65
A C E
y
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
In the figure above, what is the value of x + y ?
In the figure above, AB  CD and BC  DE .
What is the value of x ?

A) 47
B) 51
C) 55
D) 57

6 8

Q
t P
110
R
r

35 a 145
T
c b S

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

In the figure above, r  t . What is the value In the figure above, PQ is parallel to ST .
of a + b ?
What is the measure of ∠QRS ?

A) 160
B) 175
C) 185
D) 200

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Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 16-1
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D

Section 16-2
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C

Section 16-3
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B

Chapter 16 Practice Test

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A
6. D 7. 540 8. 105

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Chapter 17

Exercises - Angles of a Triangle

1 4

x
B
 30
48 (3 x − 40)

In the triangle above, what is the value of x ? 55

A C

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

A) 44
B) 48
C) 52 In the figure above, AC ⊥ BC . What is the
measure of ∠ABC ?
D) 56

A) 50
2 B) 55

B C) 60

18
D) 65
D
x
A C

In ∆ABC above, if AB
= AD
= DC , what is the
value of x ? 5

B
A) 92
B) 96
C) 102 A C
D
D) 108

In the figure above, AD= BD = BC . If

3 m∠A = 26 , what is the measure of m∠DBC ?

B
A) 68
x2 2 x + 15 B) 72
C) 76

A C D) 82

In ∆ABC above, m∠A = m∠C . If x > 0 , what is

the value of x ?

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Chapter 17

Exercises - Pythagorean Theorem and Special Right Triangles

1 3

A B
D

2 3

30
C B
D 2 3 A C

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

= BD
In the figure above, if AD = 2 3 , what is
the length of AB ?
In the figure above, AB = 6 , BC = 8 , and CD = 5 .
What is the length of AD ?
A) 4 3

B) 3 6 A) 4 3
C) 6 B) 5 2
D) 6 2 C) 5 3

D) 6 2

2 4
B B

3 4 2
 
30 60
A C A C
D D

14
In ∆ABC above, BD = 3 . What is the perimeter
of ∆ABC ? Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

A) 2 2 + 6 In the figure above, ∠A ≅ ∠C and BD bisects

AC . What is the perimeter of ∆ABC ?
B) 2 3 + 6

C) 2 6 + 6 A) 32

D) 3 2 + 6 B) 36

C) 14 + 10 2

D) 14 + 12 2

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Chapter 17

Exercises - Similar Triangles and Proportional Parts

A Questions 3 and 4 refer to the following

information.
6 B

B D 12 7.8
C
3
D E
E 9
8 y

In the figure above, if AB = 6 , DE = 3 , and C

A x
BD = 12 , what is the length of AE ?

A) 12 In the figure above, DE  AC .

B) 9 2
3
C) 8 3
What is the value of x ?
D) 15

A) 12.5
B) 15
2
C) 16.5
A D) 18

D
10

C 4
11 What is the value of y ?
16
E
B A) 5.2
Note: Figure not drawn to scale. B) 5.6
C) 6.0
In the figure above, ∠B ≅ ∠D. If BC = 16 ,
D) 6.4
CD = 10 , and CE = 11 , what is the length
of AE ?

A) 16.8
B) 17.2
C) 17.6
D) 18.4

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Chapter 17

Exercises - Area of a Triangle

1 3

A B

12 12

30 30 C
C B A
15 D

In the figure above, the area of right triangle In the figure above, what is the area of ∆ABC ?
ABC is 60. What is the perimeter of ∆ABC ?
A) 24 3
A) 34
B) 30 3
B) 36
C) 36 3
C) 38
D) 40 D) 48 3

2 4

III B

A C I
D

In triangle ABC above, if BD was increased by A C

50 percent and AC was reduced by 50 percent,
how would the area of ∆ABC change? II

A) The area of ∆ABC would be decreased by

25 percent.
The figure above shows right triangle ∆ABC
B) The area of ∆ABC would be increased by and three squares. If the area of square region I
25 percent. is 80 square inches and the area of square region II
C) The area of ∆ABC would not change. is 150 square inches, which of the following is true
about the area of square region III?
D) The area of ∆ABC would be decreased by
50 percent. A) Less than 230 square inches.
B) More than 230 square inches.
C) Equal to 230 square inches.
D) It cannot be determined from the information
given.

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Triangles

Chapter 17 Practice Test

1 3

C P
B
x −1
V
D Q
x +1
W
A x R
E
T U
S
In the figure above, CDE is an equilateral triangle
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
and ABCD is a square with an area of 4x 2 . What
is the area of triangle CDE in terms of x ?
In the figure above, VQ  WR  TS .
If PS = 15 , what is the length of RS ?
3 2
A) x
2
A) 4.5
B) 3x 2
B) 5
3 3 2 C) 6
C) x
2
D) 6.5
D) 2 3x 2

T
35
P 50
S 6

S 7.5 D
18
Q R Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

In the figure above, PQ ⊥ QR and PQ ≅ PT . A person 6 feet tall stands so that the ends of his
What is the measure of ∠R ? shadow and the shadow of the pole coincide. The
length of the person’s shadow was measured 7.5
A) 30 feet and the length of the pole’s shadow, SD,
B) 35 was measured 18 feet. How tall is the pole?

C) 40
A) 12.8
D) 45
B) 13.6
C) 14.4
D) 15.2

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Chapter 17

5 7

A S

P 6.4
5
E

R
8
Q
C B T
D
In the figure above, PQ  ST and segment PT
In the figure above, ∆ABC and ∆DBE are right intersects segment QS at R . What is the length
triangles. If AC = 12 , BC = 15 , and DE = 8 , what of segment QS ?
is the length of BE ?

A) 8.5
B) 9
C) 9.5
8
D) 10
S
R
Q
P

b W
3x V 2.5x U 3.5x
T

In the figure above, if PS = 162 , what is the length

 of segment QR ?
130

a

In the figure above, what is the value of a − b ?

A) 50 9

B) 55 B
26
C) 60
D) 65 C
A 48

In the figure above, what is the area of the isosceles

triangle ABC ?

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Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 17-1
1. A 2. D 3. 5 4. D 5. C

Section 17-2
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A

Section 17-3
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A

Section 17-4
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C

Chapter 17 Practice Test

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D
6. A 7. 10.4 8. 45 9. 240

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Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 137
Chapter 18

Exercise - Parallelograms

5
Questions 1-5 refer to the following What is the measure of ∠QTR ?
information.

P Q
1 2
T

3 R
S

In PQRS above, PT= x + 2 y , ST= 8 x − y ,

PR = 32 , TQ = 26 , m∠1 =6a , m∠2 =10a , 6
m∠3= a 2 − 7 and m∠PRS =
4a . A B

1
E 4
What is the value of x ?
D C
5

What is the area of rhombus ABCD above?

2
What is the value of y ?

P Q

3
15
What is the measure of ∠PQR ?

T 9 S 20 R

In the figure above, PQRS is a parallelogram

and PTS is a right triangle. What is the area of
4 the parallelogram PQRS ?
What is the measure of ∠QRS ?

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Chapter 18

Exercise - Rectangles, Squares, and Trapezoids

1 4

B C Q 3 R

5 2
30
P S
A D 10

In square ABCD above, the length of diagonal What is the area of trapezoid PQRS above?
AC is 5 2 . What is the area of the square?
A) 20
B) 24
C) 26
D) 32

Questions 2 and 3 refer to the following

information.

B 12
C
5
E
9 Q

A D 15
9

In the figure above, ABCD is a rectangle.

R
P
2
13
What is the length of AE ? S

What is the area of trapezoid PQRS above?

A) 64
B) 72
3 C) 76
What is the area of ∆CED ? D) 84

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Chapter 18

Exercise - Regular Polygons

Questions 1 - 4 refer to the following Questions 5 - 7 refer to the following

information. information.
B

Q x
O
10 6
a
A D C
P S R

The figure above is a regular pentagon whose

The figure above is an equilateral inscribed in
radius is 6.
a circle with radius 10.

1 5
What is the measure of ∠AOC ? What is the value of x ?

2 6
What is the length of OD ? What is the measure of ∠RQS ?

3 7
What is the length of BD ? Which of the following equations can be used
to find the value of a ?

a
A) sin ∠RQS =
6
a
4 B) cos ∠RQS =
6
What is the area of ∆ABC ?
6
C) sin ∠RQS =
a
A) 45 3
6
B) 50 3 D) cos ∠RQS =
a
C) 60 3

D) 75 3

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Polygons and Quadrilaterals

Chapter 18 Practice Test

1 4
18 A rectangle has a length that is 6 meters more
B C
than twice its width. What is the perimeter of
13 13 the rectangle if the area of the rectangle is 1,620
12 square meters?

A D
E F

What is the area of the isosceles trapezoid above?

A) 238
B) 252
5
C) 276
D) 308

a a
2
a
B 10
C
10
10
45 The figure above shows an equilateral triangle
A D with sides of length a and three squares with
10
sides of length a . If the area of the equilateral
What is the area of rhombus ABCD above? triangle is 25 3 , what is the sum of the areas
of the three squares?

A) 20 2
A) 210
B) 25 2 B) 240
C) 50 2 C) 270
D) 100 2 D) 300

3
6
R A
The perimeter of a rectangle is 5x and its length
E O 3
Z is x . If the area of the rectangle is 294, what is
2
T P the value of x ?

In the figure above, EO is the midsegment

of trapezoid TRAP and RP intersect EO at
point Z . If RA = 15 and EO = 18 , what is the
length of EZ ?

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Chapter 18

7 9

B B C
4 3
9
11 C
x
A 12 D
A 12 D
The figure above shows parallelogram ABCD .
Which of the following equations represents the
In the figure above, what is the area of the
area of parallelogram ABCD ?
region ABCD ?

A) 12 cos x × 9sin x
A) 22 3 + 30
B) 12 × 9 tan x
B) 22 3 + 36
C) 12 × 9 cos x
C) 22 3 + 42
D) 12 × 9sin x
D) 22 3 + 48

8 10

40 Q C D R
A E B

16 B E

45
D C
G F P A F S
4

In the figure above, ABCD is a rectangle and In the figure above, ABCDEF is a regular
BCFE is a square. If AB = 40 , BC = 16 , and hexagon with side lengths of 4. PQRS is
m∠AGD = 45 , what is the area of the shaded
a rectangle. What is the area of the shaded
region? region?

A) 240
A) 8 3
B) 248
B) 9 3
C) 256
C) 10 3
D) 264
D) 12 3

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Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 18-1
1. 4 2. 6 3. 112 4.68 5. 70
6. 24 7. 240

Section 18-2
1. 25 2. 7.5 3. 27 4. C 5. D

Section 18-3
1. 120 2. 5 3. 15 4. D 5. 108
6. 36 7. B

Chapter 18 Practice Test

1. C 2. B 3. 10.5 4. 174 5. D
6. 14 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. A

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Chapter 19

Exercises - Arcs, Angles, and Tangents

5
Questions 1 - 4 refer to the following
information. Q 6
A
12
B
C
O P
C A

B
52 O 9.5
9 R

E
D In the figure above, O is inscribed in ∆PQR .
45
If PA = 12 , QA = 6 , and RB = 9.5 , what is the
P perimeter of ∆PQR ?

In the figure above, BD is a diameter, and PA

A) 46
and PD are tangents to circle O . m∠CDE = 52 ,
m∠APD = 45 , and AP = 9 . B) 49
C) 52
1
D) 55
What is the measure of ∠ODC ?

6
2
What is the measure of ∠OCD ?
O
R
10 16

P Q
3
What is the measure of ∠AOD ? In the figure above, OP is a radius and PQ is
tangent to circle O . If the radius of circle O
is 10 and QR = 16 , what is the length of PQ ?

A) 16
4
B) 20
What is the length of PD ?
C) 24
D) 28

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Chapter 1

Exercises - Arc Lengths and Areas of Sectors

4
Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following
information. A B
A
8
O

40
O 27 B In the figure above, the radius of the circle is 8
and m∠AOB = 120 . What is the length of AB ?
In the figure above, 
AB is an arc of a circle with
radius 27 cm. A) 8 2

B) 8 3
1
C) 12 2
If the length of arc AB is kπ , what is the value
of k ? D) 12 3

2
If the area of sector OAB is nπ , what is the 5
value of n ?

R
30
P Q

3 In the figure above, OP = OQ and PQ is tangent

to circle O . If the radius of circle O is 8, what
8 7
A is the length of QR ?
6

a 5
A) 10( 2 − 1)
4
O B B) 6

The figure above shows arcs of length 8, 7, 6, 5, C) 10( 3 − 1)

and 4. If m 
AB = 120 , what is the degree measure D) 8
of angle a ?

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Chapter 19

Exercises - Inscribed Angles

Questions 1 - 4 refer to the following Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following

information. information.
C
z y
100 D R
Q
48 x
x y 70
A B
O
80 75
w P S

In circle O above, AB is a diameter. In the figure above, a quadrilateral is inscribed in

a circle.
1
What is the value of y ?
5
What is the value of x ?

A) 70
B) 80
2
C) 90
What is the value of x ?
D) 100

3
What is the value of w ? 6
What is the value of y ?

A) 75
B) 80

4 C) 85

What is the value of z ? D) 90

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Chapter 19

Exercises - Arcs and Chords

1 3

P
O O Q
R

S
Q R

In circle O above, the area of the circle is 9π

In circle O above, if the radius is 13 and PR = 24 ,
and PR = 5 . What is the length of QR ?
what is the length of QS ?

A) 1
A) 6
B) 7 B) 2

C) 8 C) 3
D) 9 D) 2

2 4

R S
A B
M

O O
Q
N
P
In the figure above, the radius of the circle is 12.
In the circle above, if RS = 6 , OM = 5 , and
If the length of chord AB is 18, what is the
ON = 4 , what is the length of PQ ?
distance between the chord and the diameter?

A) 4 2 A) 2 10
B) 6
B) 3 7
C) 6 2
C) 4 5
D) 6 3
D) 6 2

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Chapter 19

Exercises - Circles in the Coordinate Plane

1 3

y x 2 + 12 x + y 2 − 4 y + 15 =
0

The equation of a circle in the xy - plane is shown

above. Which of the following is true about the
circle?
(5, 2)

x A) center (−6, 2) , radius = 5

O
B) center (6, −2) , radius = 5

C) center (−6, 2) , radius = 15

Which of the following equations represents the D) center (6, −2) , radius = 15
equation of the circle shown in the xy - plane
above?

A) ( x + 5) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 =
4
4
B) ( x − 5) + ( y − 2) =
2 2
4 Which of the following represents an equation
of a circle whose diameter has endpoints (−8, 4)
C) ( x + 5) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 =
16
and (2, −6) ?
D) ( x − 5) + ( y − 2) =
2 2
16
A) ( x − 3) 2 + ( y − 1) 2 =
50

B) ( x + 3) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 =
50

2 C) ( x − 3) 2 + ( y − 1) 2 =
25

Which of the following is an equation of a circle D) ( x + 3) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 =

25
in the xy - plane with center (−2, 0) and a radius
3
with endpoint (0, ) ?
2
5
3 5 x2 + 2 x + y 2 − 4 y − 9 =
A) x 2 + ( y − ) 2 = 0
2 2
3 25 The equation of a circle in the xy - plane is shown
B) x 2 + ( y − ) 2 =
2 4 above. If the area of the circle is kπ , what is the
value of k ?
25
C) ( x + 2) 2 + y 2 =
4
25
D) ( x − 2) 2 + y 2 =
4

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Circles

Chapter 19 Practice Test

1 3

C y

30 A x
B
O O

(−4, −3)

In the figure above, O is the center of the circle

and AB is a diameter. If the length of AC is 4 3
and m∠BAC = 30 , what is the area of circle O ? In the figure above, the circle is tangent to the
x- axis and has center (−4, −3) . Which of the
A) 12π following equations represents the equation of
the circle shown in the xy - plane above?
B) 16π
C) 18π
A) ( x + 4) 2 + ( y + 3) 2 =
9
D) 24π
B) ( x − 4) 2 + ( y − 3) 2 =
9

C) ( x + 4) 2 + ( y + 3) 2 =
3
2
D) ( x − 4) 2 + ( y − 3) 2 =
3
Q
R
4
O
a+2
a+3
a +1
S
P a+4
a
x
In the circle above, chord RS is parallel to O
3
diameter PQ . If the length of RS is of
4 The figure above shows a semicircle with the
the length of PQ and the distance between lengths of the adjacent arcs a, a + 1, a + 2,
a + 3, and a + 4 . If the value of x is 42, what
the chord and the diameter is 2 7, what is
is the value of a ?
the radius of the circle?

A) 7
A) 6
B) 8
B) 3 7
C) 9
C) 8
D) 10
D) 4 7

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Chapter 19

5 8

P Q

36
O B
O R
In the figure above, the length of arc 
AB is π .
What is the area of sector OAB ? In the figure above, rectangle OPQR is inscribed
in a quarter circle that has a radius of 9. If PQ = 7 ,
A) 2π what is the area of rectangle OPQR ?

5
B) π
2 A) 24 2
C) 3π B) 26 2
7
D) π C) 28 2
2
D) 30 2

x 2 − 4 x + y 2 − 6 x − 17 =
0 9
In a circle with center O , the central angle has
What is the area of the circle in the xy - plane
2π
above? a measure of radians. The area of the sector
3
formed by central angle AOB is what fraction
A) 20π of the area of the circle?
B) 24π
C) 26π
D) 30π

7 10
Which of the following is the equation of a circle A wheel with a radius of 2.2 feet is turning at
that has a diameter of 8 units and is tangent to the a constant rate of 400 revolutions per minute on
graph of y = 2 ? a road. If the wheel traveled kπ miles in one
hour what is the value of k ? (1 mile = 5,280 feet)

A) ( x + 1) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 =
16

B) ( x − 1) 2 + ( y − 2) 2 =
16

C) ( x + 2) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 =
16

D) ( x − 2) 2 + ( y − 1) 2 =
16

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Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 19-1
1. 38 2. 38 3. 135 4. 9 5. D
6. C

Section 19-2
1. 6 2. 81 3. 32 4. B 5. D

Section 19-3
1. 48 2. 24 3. 90 4. 32 5. D
6. B

Section 19-4
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B

Section 19-5
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. 14

Chapter 19 Practice Test

1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B
1
6. D 7. A 8. C 9. 10. 20
3

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Chapter 20

Exercises – Prisms

1 3

3
8 8 9 cm 3
10 10
20 cm 2x + 2

36 cm

The figure above shows a cement block of 3x

36 cm × 20 cm × 9 cm with two 10 cm × 8 cm
openings. What is the weight of the cement block
to the nearest gram? (The density of cement is A manufacturing company produces cardboard
1.7 gram / cm3 ) boxes by cutting out square corners 3 inches (in)
by 3 in. from rectangular pieces of cardboard
3x in. by 2 x + 2 in. The cardboard is then folded
A) 5, 040 along the dashed lines to form a box without a top.
If the volume of the box is 162 in 3 , what is the
B) 6, 048
dimension of the original cardboard before cutting
C) 7,560 out its square corners?

D) 8,568
A) 12 in × 9 in
B) 14 in × 10 in
2 C) 15 in × 12 in

6 in
8 in D) 16 in × 14 in

4
12 in
An aquarium tank in the shape of a rectangular
8 in prism is 20 inches (in) long by 16 in wide by
12 in high. If 2,400 cubic inches of water is added
10 in
into the empty tank, how far is the surface of the
The figure above shows an aluminum block of water from the top of the tank?
10 in × 8 in × 12 in with an 8 in × 6 in × 12 in
opening. What is the weight of the aluminum block
to the nearest pound? (The density of aluminum is
0.098 lb/in 3 )

A) 32
B) 38
C) 42
D) 48

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Chapter 20

Exercises - Cylinders and Spheres

1 3

r 2h 2r

In the figure above, a sphere is inscribed in I II

a cylinder, so that the diameter of the sphere
is the same as the diameter of the cylinder and The figure above shows two cylinders. The height
the height of the cylinder. What is the value of cylinder I is twice the height of cylinder II and
Volume of the sphere the radius of cylinder II is twice the radius of
of ?
Volume of the cylinder cylinder I. If the volume of cylinder I is 45π in 3 ,
what is the volume of cylinder II in cubic inches?
1
A)
2 A) 22.5π
2 B) 45π
B)
3
C) 67.5π
7
C)
10 D) 90π
3
D)
4

2 4
8 in A 30 B

6 in 3 in

D C

The figure above shows the mechanical part in In the cylindrical tube shown above, the height
the shape of a steel cylinder 8 inches high and of the tube is 30 and the circumference of the
6 inches long in diameter. A hole with a diameter circular base is 32. If the tube is cut along AB
of 3 inches is drilled through the mechanical part. and laid out flat to make a rectangle, what is the
The density of steel is 490 lb/ft 3 . What is the mass length of AC to the nearest whole number?
of the mechanical part, to the nearest pound?
( 1 foot = 12 inch )
A) 24
B) 30
A) 36
C) 34
B) 42
C) 48 D) 38

D) 52

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Chapter 20

Exercises - Pyramids and Cones

1 3

8 in
7

8 in

4
6 in
4

The figure above shows a pyramid with regular A plane parallel to the base of a cone divides the
hexagonal base. The length of each side of the cone into two pieces, and removes the top part.
hexagonal face is 4 units and the height of the The radius of the cone is 6 inches (in), the height
pyramid is 7 units. What is the volume of the of the cone is 16 in, and the distance from the base
pyramid? to the parallel plane is 8 in. What is the volume of
the remaining bottom part, in cubic inches?
A) 35 3
A) 56π
B) 56 3
B) 84π
C) 84 3
C) 126π
D) 168 3 D) 168π

2
4
9m
If the circumference of the base part of cone is
10 centimeters (cm) and the height of the cone
is 8 cm, what is the volume of the cone, to the
15 m nearest cubic centimeter?

A) 18
Water is pouring into a conical reservoir at the rate B) 21
of 2.4 m3 per minute. If the radius of the base of C) 24
the conical reservoir is 9 meters (m) and the length
D) 32
of the lateral edge is 15 m, to the nearest minute,
how long will it take to fill up the empty reservoir?

A) 212
B) 318
C) 424
D) 530

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 154
Surface Areas and Volume s

Chapter 20 Practice Test

1 3

2 in
2x
x
4x − 3 4 in
x
x 4x + 3

The figure above shows a cube and a rectangular

prism. If the volume of the rectangular prism is
30 times the volume of the cube, what is the value A regular hexagonal prism with edge lengths of
of x ? 2 inches is created by cutting out a metal cylinder
whose radius is 2 inches and height is 4 inches.
A) 1.5 What is the volume of the waste generated by
creating the hexagonal prism from the cylinder,
B) 2 rounded to the nearest cubic inch?
C) 2.5
A) 7
D) 3
B) 9
C) 11
D) 14

2 4

3
x
x
4
x
3x
x h
5
6
The figure above shows a triangular prism whose
base is a equilateral triangle with side lengths x In the figure shown above, if all the water in the
81 rectangular container is poured into the cylinder,
and height 3x . If the volume of the prism is ,
4 the water level rises from h inches to (h + x)
what is the value of x ? inches. Which of the following is the best
approximation of the value of x ?
A) 3
A) 3
B) 4
B) 3.4
C) 5
C) 3.8
D) 6
D) 4.2

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 155
Chapter 20

5 7
Cylinder I Cylinder II The surface area of a cube is 54 square centimeters
(cm 2 ) . What is the volume of the cube in cubic
centimeters?

50 cm
36 cm

Circumference = 50 Circumference = 36

The figure above shows two cylinders that are

rolled up from a poster 36 centimeter (cm) wide
and 50 cm long without overlap. For cylinder I,
the height is 36 cm and the circumference of the
base is 50 cm. For cylinder II, the height is 50 cm
and the circumference of the base is 36 cm. Which 8
of the following is closest to the difference of
A cone with a height of 10 cm and radius of
volume between the two cylinders, in cubic
3 cm is 90 percent filled with shaved ice. What
centimeters?
is the volume of the shaved ice, to the nearest
cubic centimeter?
A) 1, 600
B) 1,800
C) 2, 000
D) 2, 200

9
2x
A square pyramid and a cube have equal volumes.
The cube has an edge length of 4 inches and the
pyramid has a base side length of 6 inches. What
is the height of the pyramid in inches?

In the figure above, a double cone is inscribed in

a cylinder whose radius is x and height is 2x .
What is the volume of the space inside the cylinder
but outside the double cone, in terms of x ?

1 3
A) πx
2
2
B) π x3
3
4
C) π x3
3
3
D) π x3
2

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 156
Answers and Explanations

Answer Key

Section 20-1
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. 4.5

Section 20-2
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C

Section 20-3
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B

Chapter 20 Practice Test

1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C
16
6. C 7. 27 8. 85 9. or 5.33
3

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 157

| PART B |

Practice Tests
SAT Practice Test 1
SAT Practice Test 2

Ultimate Prep
Pr
With
faisal Aftab
0333-4276296

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 158

PSAT 02 Practice Test

Ultimate Pr
Prep
With
faisal Aftab
0333-4276296

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 159

3 3
Math Test – No Calculator
25 MINUTES, 17 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-13, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 14-17, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the
directions before question 14 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any
available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

NOTES
1. The use of calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x
for which f ( x) is a real number.

REFERENCE


c  s 2
h b
2x 60 x s 45
r w
30 45
b a x 3 s
1
A = π r2 A = w A= bh c=
2
a 2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2π r

r
h r h
h
r w
w
 a 
4 1 1
V = wh V = π r 2h V = π r3 V = π r 2h V = wh
3 3 3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2π .
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

CONTINUE

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 160
PSAT 10 Practice Test

1 3
Number a is increased by the product of b
y
and c . The result is divided by c and then = 0.5
decreased by b . Finally, that result is multiplied x
by c . Which of the following is the final result? 2( x − 3) =y

If ( x, y ) is the solution to the system of the

A) a
equations above, what is the value of x + y ?
B) a + bc − b
a A) 2
C) +b−c
c B) 4
a C) 6
D) + b − bc
c
D) 8

2 4
Jenny had m magazines to sell for her soccer
team fundraiser. She sold j magazines on her
B
own and her sister sold nine less than twice the 106
amount Jenny sold. How many magazines
remained unsold in terms of m and j ?
x
A) 3 j − 9 − m A C
B) 3 j + 9 − m
In the figure above, AB = BC . What is the value
C) m − 3 j − 9 of x ?
D) m − 3 j + 9
A) 113
B) 118
C) 123
D) 127

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 161
Section 3

5 7
Which of the following is equivalent to
3 x 2 + 10 x − 8 =0
( x 2 y − 2 xy 2 + 3 xy ) − 2( xy − xy 2 + x 2 y ) ?
If r and s are two solutions of the equation above,
A) 2 x 2 y + xy which of the following is the value of r + s ?

B) − x 2 y + xy 10
A) −
C) − x y + 4 xy + xy
2 2 3
8
D) 2 x 2 y + 4 xy 2 + xy B) −
3
5
C) −
3
4
D) −
3

6
y

(0, 2)
(−5,0) 8
x
O (5,0) The price of a backpack is b dollars, to which t
percent of sales tax is added at the counter. What
is the price of the backpack after tax in terms of b
y = f ( x)
and t ?

The graph of f ( x) is shown above for −5 ≤ x ≤ 5 . A) b(1 + 0.01t ) dollars

How many real solutions does f ( x) = 2 have?
B) b(1 + t ) dollars

C) (b + 0.01t ) dollars
A) None
B) 1 D) (b + t ) dollars
C) 2
D) 3

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 162
PSAT 10 Practice Test

9
Questions 11 and 12 refer to the following
Perimeters and Areas of Rectangles information.
Area (square centimeters)

30 Weekly Internet Use Time

25 Survey of 1,500 students
20

Number of Students
600
15 500
10 400
5 300
200
5 10 15 20 25
100
Perimeter (centimeters)
5 10 15 20 25 30
The scatter plot above shows the perimeters and
Number of Hours of Internet Use Each Week
areas of 10 rectangles. What is the perimeter, in
centimeters, of the rectangle represented by the
data point that is farthest from the line of best fit A survey was taken to find the number of hours of
(not shown)? internet use per week among 1,500 students.

A) 12
11
B) 17
Which of the following could be the median
C) 20 number of internet use time per week?
D) 23
A) 9
B) 14
C) 16
D) 18

10

If (2 x − 3)( x − p ) = 2 x 2 − qx + 12 for all values

of x , what is the value of p + q ? 12
According to the histogram above, which of the
A) 13 following is the closest approximation of the
percentage of students who use internet more than
B) 15 15 hours each week?
C) 17
D) 19 A) 34%
B) 39%
C) 43%
D) 48%

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 163
Section 3

13
Which of the following tables shows a relationship
in which y is directly proportional to x ?

A) x 2 4 6

y 1 0 −1

B) x 2 4 6

y 0 2 4

C) x 2 4 6

y 6 9 12

D) x 2 4 6

y 3 6 9

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 164

3 3

5
DIRECTIONS Answer:
12 Answer: 3.25
For questions 14-17, solve the problem and Write
enter your answer in the grid as described answer 5 / 1 2 3 . 25
below, on the answer sheet. in boxes. / / Fraction / /
line
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles
Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the
circles are filled in correctly. result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
3. No question has a negative answer. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
4. Some problems may have more than one 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
answer.
2
1 Acceptable ways to grid are:
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 must be gridded 3
2
as 3.5 or 7 / 2 . (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the 2 / 3 . 6 66 . 6 67
/ / / / / / / /

31 1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
grid, it will be interpreted as not 3 .) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
answer with more digits than the grid can
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Answer: 212 - either position is correct.

NOTE: You
2 1 2 2 1 2 may start your
/ / / / answers in any
column, space
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ permitting.
0 0 0 0 0 0 Columns you
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 don't need to
use should be
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 left blank.

CONTINUE

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 165
Section 3

14 16
If a = 5 and b = 3 , (ac − 6) + a (b − c) = If x and y are positive integers, what is the value
3 x 4 (2 y ) 2
of ?
(2 x 2 y ) 2

15 17

For what value of n is n − n − 7 equal to 0? If x + 3 is a factor of f ( x) = ax 2 + bx − 15 ,

in which a and b are constants, what is the
value of 3a − b ?

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 166

4 4
Math Test – Calculator
45 MINUTES, 31 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-27, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 28-31, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the
directions before question 14 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any
available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

NOTES
1. The use of calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x
for which f ( x) is a real number.

REFERENCE


c  s 2
h b
2x 60 x s 45
r w

30 45
b a x 3 s
1
A = π r2 A = w A = bh c= a 2 + b 2
2
Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2π r

r
h r h
h
r w
w
 a 
4 1 1
V = wh V = π r 2h V = π r3 V = π r 2h V = wh
3 3 3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2π .
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

CONTINUE

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 167
PSAT 10 Practice Test

1 3
The total profit p , in dollars, from producing A car traveled at an average speed of 65 miles per
and selling x units of barbecue grill is given by hour for 4 hours and consumed fuel at a rate of 32
the function p ( x) = kx − (b + 500) , in which k miles per gallon. If the price of gasoline was $2.79
per gallon, what was the cost of gasoline, to the
and b are constants. When 120 barbecue grills nearest cent, for the four hour trip?
were produced and sold, the total profit was
$15,000 and when 200 barbecue grills were
produced and sold, the total profit was $27,000. A) $22.67
What is the value of b ? B) $24.74
C) $26.09
A) 1,850
D) $27.32
B) 2, 000
C) 2, 250
D) 2,500

2 4
Arnold purchased a shirt and a pair of running
shoes. The price of the shirt was s dollars and x −3 −1 1 3
the price of the running shoes was 10 dollars less
than twice the price of the shirt. He paid 8% tax f ( x) −1 0 1 2
for both the shoes and the shirt. If he paid 50%
of the total purchase price with his debit card and
paid the rest with cash, how much cash, in dollars,
The table above shows some values of the linear
did he pay in terms of s ?
function f . Which of the following defines f ?

A) 1.08s − 3.6
1 1
B) 1.62 s − 5.4 A) f ( x) =
− x+
2 2
C) 2.16 s − 7.2
1 1
B) f ( x) =
− x−
D) 2.7 s − 9 2 2
1 1
C) f (=
x) x+
2 2
1 1
D) f (=
x) x−
2 2

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 168
Section 4

7
Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following If 5 − n ≥ 2 , what is the greatest possible value of
information.
n+2?
180(n − 2)
A= A) 2
n
B) 3
The formula above shows the relationship between
A , the measure of each angle of a regular polygon, C) 4
and n , the number of sides of a regular polygon. D) 5

5
Which of the following expresses the number of
sides in terms of the measure of an angle?

8
A − 180
A) n =
360
 x − y < −2

B)=
n
A
−2  x + y ≥1
360
1 y
C)=n 180 A −
2 section B

360
D) n =
180 − A section C section A
x
O

section D
6
For which of the following number of sides will
the measure of an angle be 144 degrees?
A graph and a system of inequalities are shown
above. Which section of the graph could represent
all of the solutions to the system?
A) 6
B) 8 A) Section A

C) 10 B) Section B

D) 12 C) Section C
D) Section D

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 169
PSAT 10 Practice Test

9
Questions 11 and 12 refer to the following
A cubic meter of titanium weighs 4,540 kilograms. information.
How much will 2,000 cubic centimeters of titanium
weigh, in kilograms? (1 m = 100 cm) Danny needs $450 to buy an iPad. He has already
saved $120. He plans to earn the rest of the money
by working at an office supply store. His savings
A) 0.908 can be modeled by the equation= y 9.5 x + 120 ,
B) 9.08 in which x represents the number of hours he
worked at the office supply store, and y represents
C) 90.8
his total savings.
D) 908

11
Which of the following best describes the meaning
of the number 9.5 in the equation?

10 A) The number of hours Danny works for the

office supply store in one day.
2 B) The number of hours Danny works for the
When number n is divided by , the result is
3 office supply store in one week.
the same as 6 less than 2n . What is the
C) The amount Danny get paid per day from
2 the office supply store.
value of n ?
3
D) The amount Danny get paid per hour from
the office supply store.
A) 12
B) 10
C) 8
D) 6
12
What is the minimum number of hours Danny
needs to work at the office supply store to save
enough money to buy an iPad?

A) 33 hours
B) 34 hours
C) 35 hours
D) 36 hours

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 170
Section 4

13 15
If the average (arithmetic mean) of 2, a , and b
h=
−4.9t 2 + 40t
is 2x , what is the average of a and b in terms
of x ?
The equation above expresses the height h , in
meters, of an object t seconds after it is thrown
A) 2 x − 1 into the air from the ground with an initial speed
B) 2 x − 2 of 40 meters per second. After approximately how
many seconds will the object reach its highest
C) 3 x − 1 point?
D) 3 x − 2
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

14
If a equals 120 percent of a number, then 40
percent of that number is
16
1 The graph of a line on the xy - plane passes
A) a
3 through points (−3,1) and (3,5). The graph of
B) 0.48a a second line contains the point (6, 0). If the
two lines are parallel, what is the y - intercept
C) 3a
of the second line?
D) 4.8a
A) −1
B) −2
C) −3
D) −4

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 171
PSAT 10 Practice Test

17 19
The length and width of a large picture are
respectively 18 inches and 12 inches. If each y
dimension is reduced by x inches to make the 1
ratio of length to width 5 to 3, what is the value =
y x+b
2
of x ?
(c, d )
x
A) 6 O
B) 5 ( a, b)
C) 4
D) 3

1
In the graph above, line =
y x + b intersects
2
the y - axis at point (a, b) and intersects the
x- axis at point (c, d ) . If the value of b is
equal to −3.5 , what is the value of c ?

18
A) 5.5
In a music store, 25% of the compact discs are
B) 7
classical. Out of these, 60% are on sale. If not
more than 450 classical CDs are on sale, what C) 8.5
could be the maximum number of CDs in the
store? D) 10

A) 2, 600
B) 2,800
C) 3, 000 20
D) 3, 200
If y = kx 2 , in which k is a constant, and y = −12
when x = −4 , what is the value of y when x = 2 ?

A) −6
B) −3
C) 3
D) 6

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 172
Section 4

21 23
y
1
f (=
x) x−k
3
x
(−2,0) O (8,0)
In the function above, k is a constant. If
y = f ( x) 3
f (−3) = k , what is the value of f (− ) ?
2

A) −1
1
B) −
2
In the xy - plane above, (−2, 0) and (8, 0) are
the two x- intercepts of the graph of f . If the C) 0
25 D) 1
minimum value of f is − , which of the
2
following is the y - intercept of the graph of f ?

A) (0, −8)

1
B) (0, −8 )
2
C) (0, −9)
24
1
D) (0, −9 ) The value V , in dollars, of an artist’s painting
2
t years after it was purchased is given by the
t
function V (t ) = 5, 000(4)10 . What is the value,
in dollars, of the painting 15 years after it was
22
purchased?
f ( x) =−2( x 2 + 7 x − 3) − a ( x + 2) + 1
A) $28, 000
In the polynomial f ( x) defined above, a is a
B) $32, 000
constant. If f ( x) is divisible by x , what is the
value of a ? C) $36, 000
D) $40, 000
5
A) −
2
B) −3
7
C)
2
D) 5

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 173
PSAT 10 Practice Test

25 27
A water tank in the shape of a rectangular prism
has a base length of 6 meters and a base width
c
of 4 meters. In the morning, 120 cubic meters of
b
water from the tank was used for planting. In the
afternoon, 125 percent more than the amount of x
water used in the morning was pumped into the a
tank. What is the increase in the height of the
water after the water was pumped into the tank, In the right triangle ABC above, which of the
in meters? following must be true?

b
A) 1
1 I. sin x =
4 c
b
3 II. cos(90 − x) =
B) 2 c
4
b
III. sin(90 − x) =
1 c
C) 4
2
1 A) I only
D) 6
4 B) II only
C) I and II only
D) I and III only

26


(5 x + 8)

y
(3 x − 4)
m

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

In the figure above,   m and t ⊥  . What is

the value of y ?

A) 24
B) 28
C) 32
D) 36

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4 4

5
DIRECTIONS Answer:
12 Answer: 3.25
For questions 28-31, solve the problem and Write
enter your answer in the grid as described answer 5 / 1 2 3 . 25
below, on the answer sheet. in boxes. / / Fraction / /
line
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles
Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the
circles are filled in correctly. result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
3. No question has a negative answer. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
4. Some problems may have more than one 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
answer.
2
1 Acceptable ways to grid are:
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 must be gridded 3
2
as 3.5 or 7 / 2 . (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the 2 / 3 . 6 66 . 6 67
/ / / / / / / /

31 1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
grid, it will be interpreted as not 3 .) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
answer with more digits than the grid can
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Answer: 212 - either position is correct.

NOTE: You
2 1 2 2 1 2 may start your
/ / / / answers in any
column, space
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ × ⋅ permitting.
0 0 0 0 0 0

Columns you
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 don't need to
use should be
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

l e f t b l a n k .

CONTINUE

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 175
PSAT 10 Practice Test

28 30
Derek paid $82 for one beanie and one mitten. 8
If the beanie cost $8 more than the mitten, how If x and y are positive integers, x 2 − y 2 =,
9
much did Derek pay for the beanie?
16
and x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 =, what is the value of
9
x− y ?

29 31
If the slope of a line in the xy - plane that passes
P
1 8
through the points ( , −1) and (2, b) is , what R
2 3
is the value of b ?
O
Q

In the figure above, the radius of circle O is 3.

The line segment PQ is tangent to circle O
and OR = RP . If the area of the shaded region
is kπ , what is the value of k ?

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 176
Section 4

Answer Key 3. C
y
PSAT 10 Practice Test – No Calculator = 0.5 First equation
x
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 2( x − 3) =y Second equation
6. D 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B
Multiply each side of the first equation by x .
7
11. B 12. C 13. D 14. 9 15. or 3.5 y
2 x( ) = (0.5) x ⇒ y = 0.5 x
16. 3 17. 5 x
Substituting 0.5x for y in the second equation
gives 2( x − 3) =0.5 x .
PSAT 10 Practice Test – Calculator
2( x − 3) =0.5 x ⇒ 2 x − 6 =0.5 x
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D ⇒ 1.5 x = 6 ⇒ x = 4
6. C 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. A Substituting 4 for x in the first equation
11. D 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B
y
16. D 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. B gives = 0.5 , or y = 2 . Therefore, the value
21. A 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. D 4
of x + y equals 4 + 2 , or 6.
2
26. B 27. C 28. 45 29. 3 30.
3
4. D
3
31.
B
2 106

x

Answers and Explanations A C

m∠BCA + x =
180 Measure of straight ∠
PSAT 10 Practice Test – No Calculator
equals 180 .
1. A m∠BCA =180 − x Subtract x .
AB = BC Given
a + b⋅c Number a is increased by m∠BAC = m∠BCA Definition of isosceles ∆ .
the product of b and c . 106 = m∠BAC + m∠BCA Exterior ∠ Theorem
a + b⋅c
The result is divided by c . Substituting 180 − x for m∠BCA and m∠BAC
c gives 106= (180 − x) + (180 − x) .
a + b⋅c
−b Then decreased by b . ⇒ 106= 360 − 2x ⇒ 2 x = 254 ⇒ x = 127
c
a + b⋅c Finally, that result is 5. B
( − b) ⋅ c multiplied by c .
c ( x 2 y − 2 xy 2 + 3 xy ) − 2( xy − xy 2 + x 2 y )
Use distributive property to simplify the
equation. = x 2 y − 2 xy 2 + 3 xy − 2 xy + 2 xy 2 − 2 x 2 y
a + b⋅c =
− x 2 y + xy
⋅ c −b⋅c = a + b⋅c −b⋅c = a
c
The final result is a . 6. D
A real solution of a system of equations
2. D corresponds to a point of intersection of the
Jenny sold j magazines on her own and her sister graphs of the two equations on the xy - plane.
sold 2 j − 9 magazines. So, they sold j + (2 j − 9) , The graph of y = 2 is a horizontal line that
or 3 j − 9 magazines, together. contains the point (0, 2) . Since the line y = 2
Therefore, there were m − (3 j − 9) , or m − 3 j + 9 intersects f ( x) three times, f ( x) = 2 has three
magazines, that remained unsold. real solutions.

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 177
Answers and Explanations

7. A percentage of students who use internet more than

650 13
If r and s are two solutions of the quadratic 15 hours each week is = ≈ 0.43 =43% .
b 1500 30
equation ax 2 + bx + c =0 , then r + s =− .
a
13. D
Therefore, in the equation 3 x 2 + 10 x − 8 =0,
A direct variation or a direction proportion is
10
the sum of the roots is r + s =− . defined by an equation of the form y = kx .
3
Thus the graph of a direction proportion always
8. A contains the point (0, 0) .
Eliminate choices A and B because they do not
1 contain the point (0, 0) .
t percent is equal to t or 0.01t .
100
The price of a backpack is b dollars. After Check answer choice C.
adding t percent tax, the price will be The graph contains (2, 6), (4,9), and (6,12) .
b + b ⋅ (0.01t )= b(1 + 0.01t ) . Substituting x = 2 and y = 6 in the equation
y = kx yields 6 = k (3) or k = 2 . Rewrite the
9. C equation as y = 2 x . Substitute x = 4 and y = 9
In the scatter plot, the first coordinate represents in the equation y = 2 x . 9 = 2(4) is not a true
the perimeter of the rectangle and the second equation. Therefore, choice C is not correct.
coordinate represents the area of the rectangle.
Since the data point that is farthest from the line Check answer choice D.
of best fit is located at (20,12) , the perimeter The graph contains (2,3) , (4, 6) , and (6,9) .
of the rectangle is 20. Substituting x = 2 and y = 3 in the equation
y = kx yields 3 = k (2) or k = 1.5 . Rewrite the
10. B
equation as y = 1.5 x . Substitute x = 4 and y = 6
(2 x − 3)( x − p ) = 2 x 2 − 2 px − 3 x + 3 p in the equation y = 1.5 x . 6 = 4(1.5) is true.
= 2 x 2 − (2 p + 3) x + 3 p Substitute x = 6 and y = 9 in the equation
Thus, 2 x 2 − (2 p + 3) x + 3 p = 2 x 2 − qx + 12 . y = 1.5 x . 9 = 6(1.5) is also true.
Since the x- terms and constant terms have to be Choice D is correct.
equal on both sides of the equation, 2 p + 3 = q
and 3 p = 12 . Solving for p gives p = 4 . 14. 9
q = 2 p + 3 = 2(4) + 3 = 11 (ac − 6) + a (b − c) = ac − 6 + ab − ac
Therefore, p + q = 4 + 11 = 15 . =−6 + ab
Substitute a = 5 and b = 3 .
11. B −6 + ab =−6 + (5)(3) =−6 + 15 =9
The median of a data set is the middle value
when the data are arranged in order. Since there 7
are 1,500 students, the middle value is the average 15.
2
of 750th and 751st value. There are 300 students
who use internet 10 hours or less per week and n− n−7 =
0
there are 650 students who use internet 15 hours
n= n − 7
or more per week. So the median number should
be between 10 and 15 hours per week. Therefore, If n= n − 7 , then n= n − 7 or n =−(n − 7) .
of the choices given, only 14 could be the median If n= n − 7 , the equation simplifies to 0 = −7 ,
number of internet use time in a week.
which does not have a solution. If n = −(n − 7) ,
12. C 7
n =−n + 7 ⇒ 2n = 7 ⇒ n = .
There are 650 students who use internet more than 2
15 hours each week. Therefore, the approximate

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 178
Section 4

16. 3 4. C
4 2
3 x (2 y ) 3x ⋅ 4 y
4 2
12 x y 4 2
Use two points, (−1, 0) and (1,1) on the graph
= 2 2
=4 2
= 3
(2 x y ) 4x y 4 x4 y 2 to find the slope of f .
y2 − y1 1− 0 1
17. 5 =
slope = =
x2 − x1 1 − (−1) 2
If x + 3 is a factor of f ( x) = ax 2 + bx − 15 , Eliminate choices A and B because they have
then f (−3) =
0. incorrect slopes.
Now check the other answer choices with the
f (−3) = a (−3) 2 + b(−3) − 15 = 0
points (−1, 0) and (1,1) on the graph.
9a − 3b − 15 = 0 Simplify.
1 1
9a − 3b = 15 Add 15 to each side. Check the equation f (=
x) x + in choice C.
2 2
3(3a − b) = 15 Factor.
1 1
15 0= (−1) + x = −1 and y = 0
3a − b = = 5 Divide each side by 3. 2 2
3 1 1
=1 (1) + x = 1 and y = 1
2 2
PSAT 10 Practice Test – Calculator Since both equations are true, choice C is correct.
Points (−1, 0) and (1,1) are not on the graph
1. D
1 1
p ( x) = kx − (b + 500) of f (=
x) x − in choice D,
2 2
= k (120) − (b + 500)
15, 000 p = 15,000 , x = 120
= k (200) − (b + 500) p = 27,000 , x = 200
27, 000 5. D
Subtracting the first equation from the second 180(n − 2)
equation, one can get 12, 000 = k (80) , which A=
n
yields 150 = k . 180(n − 2)
Substitute 150 for k in the first equation. n ⋅ A =n ⋅ Multiply each side by n .
n
=
15, 000 (150)(120) − (b + 500)
=
nA 180(n − 2) Simplify.
= 18, 000 − (b + 500)
15, 000 =
nA 180n − 360 Distributive Property
=
15, 000 17,500 − b nA − 180n = −360 Subtract 180n .
b = 2,500 n( A − 180) = −360 Factor.
−360
2. B n= Divide each side by A − 180 .
A − 180
If the price of the shirt was s dollars, then the price (−1)(−360)
of the running shoes was (2 s − 10) dollars. n= Multiply by −1 .
(−1)( A − 180)
s + (2 s − 10) Total amount before tax 360
n= −( A − 180) = 180 − A
3s − 10 Simplify. 180 − A
3s − 10 + 0.08(3s − 10) Total amount after 8% tax
3s − 10 + 0.24 s − 0.8 Distributive property 6. C
3.24 s − 10.8 Simplify. 360
n=
If he paid 50% of 3.24 s − 10.8 with cash, then 180 − A
the amount in terms of s is 1.62 s − 5.4 . 360
n= A = 144
180 − 144
3. A
360
The total distance he traveled in 4 hours is 65 × 4 , =n = 10
or 260 miles. The number of gasoline consumed 36
was 260 ÷ 32 , or 8.125 gallons. Therefore, the cost
of gasoline was 8.125 × $2.79 , or $22.67 to the
nearest cent.

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 179
Answers and Explanations

7. D 10. A
5−n ≥ 2 2
When number n is divided by , the result is
5−n−5 ≥ 2−5 Subtract 5 from each side. 3
−n ≥ −3 Simplify. 6 less than 2n .
(−1)(−n) ≤ (−1)(−3) Multiply each side by −1 2
The equation is n ÷ = 2n − 6 .
and change ≥ to ≤ . 3
n≤3 3 Rewrite as multiplication
n + 2 ≤ 3+ 2 Add 2 to each side. n× = 2n − 6 by the reciprocal.
2
n+2≤5
3
Thus, the greatest possible value of n + 2 is 5. 2(n × )= 2(2n − 6) Multiply each side by 2.
2
3=
n 4n − 12 Simplify.
8. B −n =−12 Subtract 4n .
n = 12
 x − y < −2

 x + y ≥1 11. D
y In the equation= y 9.5 x + 120 , x represents the
section B number of hours Danny worked, y represents his
total savings, and 120 is the amount he already
saved. Each time x increases by 1, y increases
section C section A by 9.5, which is the amount Danny gets paid per
x hour from the office supply store.
O
Choice D is correct.
section D
12. C
Danny needs $450 to buy an iPad. Therefore,
the number of hours he needs to work to get
The solution set of the inequality x − y < −2 is enough money for one iPad can be found by
the union of sections B and C of the graph. The solving the inequality y = 9.5 x + 120 ≥ 450 .
solution set of the inequality x + y ≥ 1 is the
9.5 x + 120 − 120 ≥ 450 − 120 Subtract 120.
union of sections A and B of the graph.
9.5 x ≥ 330 Simplify.
Therefore, section B of the graph represents all
of the solutions to the system. 330
x≥ ≈ 34.7
9.5
9. B Therefore, the minimum number of hours he
needs to work to save enough money for an
1 m = 100 cm
iPad is 35 hours.
(1 m)3 = (100 cm)3 Cube each side.
1 m3 = 1, 000, 000 cm3 Simplify. 13. C

Let 2,000 cubic centimeters of titanium weigh If the average of 2, a , and b is 2x , the equation
x kilograms. Set up a proportion. 2+a+b
2x = is true.
1 m3 2000 cm3 3
= 2+a+b
4540 kg x kg 3 ⋅ 2 x =3 ⋅ Multiply each side by 3.
3
1, 000, 000 cm3 2000 cm3
= 1 m3 = 1,000,000 cm3 6x = 2 + a + b Simplify.
4540 kg x kg
6x − 2 = a + b Solve the equation for a + b .
=
1, 000, 000 x 4540 × 2000 Cross multiply.
a+b
4540 × 2000 The average of a and b is . Substituting
=x = 9.08 2
1, 000, 000 a + b 6x − 2
2,000 cubic centimeters of titanium weigh 6 x − 2 for a + b yields = = 3x − 1 .
2 2
9.08 kilograms.

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 180
Section 4

14. A
54 − 3 x = 60 − 5 x Distributive Property
Let the number = n .
54 − 3 x + 5 x = 60 − 5 x + 5 x Add 5x to each side.
=a 1.2  ×n 54 + 2 x = 60 Simplify.
a equals 120% of n
2x = 6 Subtract 54.
a = 1.2n
x=3
a
=n Solve for n .
1.2 18. C
a Let x = the total number of CDs in the store.
40% of n is 0.4n . Substituting
1.2 Then 0.25x = the number of classical CDs.
a 1 Since 60% of these classical CDs are on sale,
=
for n yields =
0.4n 0.4( ) a. 0.25 x × 0.6 are on sale. Since that number
1.2 3
is not more than 450, the inequality
0.25 x × 0.6 ≤ 450 must be true.
15. B
0.25 x × 0.6 ≤ 450 ⇒ 0.15 x ≤ 450
The quadratic equation y = ax 2 + bx + c has its
450
b ⇒ x≤ ⇒ x ≤ 3, 000
maximum or minimum at x = − . Since the 0.15
2a The maximum number of CDs in the store is 3,000.
leading coefficient of h is negative, h has its
40 19. B
maximum at t = − ≈ 4.08 . Therefore,
2(−4.9) The slope of the line which passes through (a, b)
the object reaches its highest point about d −b 1
4 seconds after it is thrown. and (c, d ) is , which is equal to . On the
c−a 2
16. D x- axis the value of the y - coordinate is 0 and on
the y - axis the value of the x- coordinate is 0.
5 −1 2
The slope of the first line is = . Therefore, a= d= 0 . Also b = −3.5 is given.
3 − (−3) 3 Substitute these values in the slope equation.
If the two lines are parallel, their slopes are equal.
d −b 1 0 − (−3.5) 1
2 = ⇒ =
Thus, the slope of the second line is
3
and it c−a 2 c−0 2
3.5 1
contains (6, 0) . ⇒ = ⇒ c=7
=
y mx + b Slope-intercept form
c 2

2 2 20. B
=
y x+b m=
3 3
2 y = kx 2
=0 (6) + b The line contains (6,0) .
3 −12 = k (−4) 2 y = −12 when x = −4
0= 4 + b Simplify. −12 = 16k
−4 =b 3
Therefore the equation of the second line is
− = k
4
2 3
=y x − 4 and the y - intercept is −4 . y = − x2 Replace k with −
3
.
3 4 4
3 2
17. D y = − (2) x=2
4
If each dimension of the large picture is reduced y = −3
by x inches, the new length will be 18 − x and the
new width will be 12 − x . Since the ratio of new 21. A
18 − x 5
length to new width is 5 to 3, = . Since we know the two x- intercepts of the graph
12 − x 3 of f , it is easier to start with the factored form of
3(18 − x)= 5(12 − x) Cross Products
a quadratic function.

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 181
Answers and Explanations

The two x- intercepts are (−2, 0) and (8, 0) , 24. D

t
so the equation of f can be written as
V (t ) = 5, 000(4)10
y =a ( x + 2)( x − 8) , in which a is a constant. 15
Since the x- coordinate of the vertex is the =
V (15) 5,=
000(4)10 5,=
000(4)1.5 40, 000
−2 + 8
average of the two x- intercepts,= x = 3
2 25. D
is the x- coordinate of the vertex. The
In the morning, 120 cubic meters of water from
y - coordinate of the vertex is the minimum the tank was used for planting. In the afternoon,
25 125 percent more than the amount of water used
value of f , which is − . In the equation
2 in the morning was pumped into the tank, which
y =a ( x + 2)( x − 8) , substitute x = 3 and is 120 + 1.25 × 120 , or 270 cubic meters.
25 Let h = the increase in the height of the water,
y= − to find the value of a .
2 in meters, after the water was pumped into the
25 1 tank.
− = a (3 + 2)(3 − 8) gives a = . So the 6 × 4 × h= 270 − 120 , so solving the equation
2 2
1
1
equation of f is y = ( x + 2)( x − 8) .To find for h gives h = 6 .
2 4
the y - intercept of the graph of f , substitute 0
26. B
1
for x . y = (0 + 2)(0 − 8) = −8 . t
2
Therefore, the y - intercept is (0, −8) .

(5 x + 8)
22. C
y
If a polynomial f ( x) is divisible by x , then (3 x − 4)
x is a factor of the polynomial. However, this m
is true only if the constant term of f is zero.
Simplifying the equation gives
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
f ( x) =−2 x 2 − 14 x + 6 − ax − 2a + 1
If two line are parallel, consecutive interior angles
=−2 x 2 − (14 + a ) x + 7 − 2a . are supplementary.
7 − 2a = 0 (5 x + 8) + (3 x − 4) =
180 m
−2a = −7 8x + 4 = 180 Simplify.
a=
7 8 x = 176
2 x = 22
In a plane, if a line is perpendicular to one of
23. C
two parallel lines, it is also perpendicular to the
1
f (=
x) x−k other. Thus, t ⊥ m and y + (3 x − 4) = 90 .
3
1 y + (3 × 22 − 4) =
90 x = 22
f (−3) = (−3) − k = k
3 y + 62 = 90 Simplify.
⇒ −1 − k =k y = 28
1
⇒ − = k 27. C
2
1 1
Therefore, f (=x) x + and
3 2 c
b
3 1 3 1
f (− ) = (− ) + = 0
2 3 2 2 x
a

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 182
Section 4

opposite side to angle x b 4

=I. sin x = Since x and y are positive integers, x + y = .
hypotenuse c 3
Roman numeral I is true. 8
x2 − y 2 =
9
II. (90 − x) is the angle between the sides c
8
and b . ( x + y )( x − y ) = Factor.
9
cos(90 − x)
4 8 4
adjacent side to angle (90 − x) b ( x − y) = x+ y=
= 3 9 3
hypotenuse c 3 4 3 8 3
Roman numeral II is true. ⋅ ( x − y) = ⋅ Multiply each side by .
4 3 4 9 4
III. sin(90 − x) x− y =
2
opposite side to angle (90 − x) a 3
=
hypotenuse c
3
31.
Roman numeral III is not true. 2
Choice C is correct. P

28. 45 R

Let m = the price of a mitten.

Then m + 8 = the price of a beanie. O

m + (m + 8) =
82 The cost of one beanie and one Q
mitten is $82.
2m + 8 =82 Simplify. If a line is tangent to a circle, then the line
2m = 74 is perpendicular to the radius at the point of
m = 37 tangency. Therefore, PQ ⊥ OQ and ∆OPQ
Thus, Derek paid 37 + 8 , or $45, for the beanie. = RP
is a right triangle. If OR = 3 , then
OP = OR + RP = 3 + 3 = 6 .
29. 3
If a right triangle has a hypotenuse that is twice
y − y1 b − (−1) b + 1 2 as long as the shorter leg, then it is a 30 -60 -90
= 2 =
Slope = = (b + 1)
x2 − x1 2−
1 3 3 triangle. Thus m∠POQ = 60 .
2 2
m∠ROQ
2 8 = π r2 ×
Area of sector ROQ
Therefore, (b + 1) =. 360
3 3
3 2 3 8 60 1 3
⋅ (b + 1) = ⋅ Multiply each side by .
3 = π (3) 2 × = 9π × = π
2 3 2 3 2 360 6 2
b + 1 =4 Simplify. If the area of the shaded region is kπ , then
b=3 3
k= .
2
2
30.
3
16
x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 =
9
16
( x + y)2 = Factor.
9
16 4
x+ y =± =± Square Root Property
9 3

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 183

SAT Practice Test 1

Ultimate Prep
Pr
With
faisal Aftab
0333-4276296

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 184

3 3
Math Test – No Calculator
25 MINUTES, 20 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the
directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any
available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

NOTES
1. The use of calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x
for which f ( x) is a real number.

REFERENCE


c  s 2
h b
2x 60 x s 45
r w

30 45
b a x 3 s
1
A = π r2 A = w A = bh c=
2
a 2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2π r

r
h r h
h
r w
w
 a 
4 1 1
V = wh V = π r 2h V = π r3 V = π r 2h V = wh
3 3 3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2π .
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

CONTINUE

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 185
SAT Practice Test 1

1 3
1 1
If f (=
x) x − 1 , what is f (−2 x + 1) equal to? (16 − 4 x) = nx + 8 + 3 x
2 2

1 If the linear equation above is an identity, what

A) − x − is the value of n ?
2
1
B) − x + A) −5
2
B) −3
1
C) x − C) −1
2
D) 3
1
D) x +
2

2 4

a
If x = 1 − , which of the following is y
b
1
equivalent to ?
x (−2,3)

b x
A) O
1+ a
(1, −3)
b
B)
1− a
b −1
C)
a
Which of the following equations represents a line
b that is parallel to the line shown above and contains
D)
b−a 1
the point ( ,3) ?
2

5
A) y= x +
2
7
B) y =− x +
2
C) y =−2 x + 4
D) y =−2 x + 6

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Section 3

6
Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following By what percent is the number of senior students
information. who took 4 AP tests greater than the number of
senior students who took 3 AP tests?
AP Tests Taken by High School Seniors
A) 50%
Number of Students

120
100 B) 75%
80
C) 100%
60
D) 200%
40
20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of AP Tests

7
The graph above depicts a survey of 400 senior
students in a high school who took the AP tests last
x+ y < a
May. The number of AP tests taken by each student
ranges from zero to six. x− y >b

In the xy - plane, if (0,1) is the solution to the

5 system of inequalities above, which of the
Which of the following is NOT true of the survey following relationships between a and b must
results? be true?

A) The mode of the number of AP tests taken by A) a < b

each student was 4.
B) a > b
B) The average (arithmetic mean) number of AP
tests taken by the senior students was greater C) a − b < 2
than the median number of AP tests taken by
the senior students. D) a − b > 2
C) The average (arithmetic mean) number of AP
tests taken by the senior students was equal to
the median number of AP tests taken by the
senior students.
8
D) The average (arithmetic mean) number of AP
tests taken by the senior students was less than Which of the following complex numbers is
the median number of AP tests taken by the (1 + i ) 2
equivalent to ? (Note: i= −1 )
senior students. 1− i

A) −1 − i
B) −1 + i
C) 1− i
D) 1+ i

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 187
SAT Practice Test 1

9 11

y y = 2 x 2 − 11x − 6

II I The equation above represents a parabola in the

xy - plane. Which of the following equivalent
x
O forms of the equation displays the x- intercepts
of the parabola as constants or coefficients?
III IV

A) y = (2 x − 3)( x + 2)

B) y = (2 x + 1)( x − 6)
If the system of inequalities 2 − y < 2 x and
− x ≤ 4 − y is graphed in the xy - plane above, 11 2 169
C) y =2( x − ) −
which quadrant contains no solutions to the 4 8
system?
11 2 133
D) y =2( x − ) −
2 4
A) Quadrant II
B) Quadrant III
C) Quadrant IV
12
D) There are solutions in all four quadrants.

1 3
p
2 4

5
10
6 8
q
A certain company produces d diskettes every 7 9
m minutes. Which of the following is the number
of diskettes produced in h hours, in terms of d ,
m , and h ?
In the figure above, line p is parallel to line q .
Which of the following must be true?
60dh
A)
m I. m∠2 = m∠9

60dm II. m∠2 + m∠4 =180

B)
h III. m∠4 + m∠8 = m∠5
60mh
C)
d A) I only
dh B) I and II only
D)
60m C) I and III only
D) I, II, and III

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 188
Section 3

13 15
At a coffee shop, a customer bought 10 bags The population of a certain town doubles every
of Arabian Mocha and Kona coffee. A bag 24 years. If the population of the town was
of Arabian Mocha costs $18 and a bag of 140,000 at the beginning of 2016, which of
Kona coffee costs $28. If x is the number the following equations represents the population,
of bags of Arabian Mocha and the customer P , t years after 2016?
paid d dollars for the Arabian Mocha and Kona
coffee, which of the following represents x in
=
A) P 140, 000 + 24t
terms of d ?
=
B) P 140, 000 + (24)t
A) =
x 28 − 0.1d t

B) =
x 28 + 0.1d C) P = 140, 000(2) 24

C) =
x 18 − 0.1d (2)t
=
D) P 140, 000 ⋅
D) =
x 18 + 0.1d 24

14
If p , q , r , and s are four different positive
r r
numbers such that p = and q = , what
s−r s
is q in terms of s ?

1
A) 1 +
p

1
B) 1 −
p

1
C)
1+ p

p
D)
1+ p

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 189

3 3

5
DIRECTIONS Answer:
12 Answer: 3.25
For questions 16-20, solve the problem and Write
enter your answer in the grid as described answer 5 / 1 2 3 . 25
below, on the answer sheet. in boxes. / / Fraction / /
line
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles
Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the
circles are filled in correctly. result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
3. No question has a negative answer. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
4. Some problems may have more than one 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
answer.
2
1 Acceptable ways to grid are:
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 must be gridded 3
2
as 3.5 or 7 / 2 . (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the 2 / 3 . 6 66 . 6 67
/ / / / / / / /

31 1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
grid, it will be interpreted as not 3 .) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
answer with more digits than the grid can
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Answer: 212 - either position is correct.

NOTE: You
2 1 2 2 1 2 may start your
/ / / / answers in any
column, space
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ permitting.
0 0 0 0 0 0 Columns you
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 don't need to
use should be
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 left blank.

CONTINUE

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 190
Section 3

16 19

−7 + a =3 −2 x 2 + 5 x + 10 A
If = 2x + 3 − , what is the
−x + 4 −x + 4
Given the above equation, what is the value of value of A ?
10 − [(a − 3) − 7] ?

17
Three is subtracted from two thirds of the number
k and the difference is doubled. If the result is
ten more than one third of the number, what
is the value of k ?

20

x+2

18 A rectangular picture, represented by the unshaded

region in the figure above, is mounted in a
6 x + ky =3 rectangular frame, represented by the shaded
region. The frame is 1 inch wide on all sides.
y = 1 − 2x
For what value of x , in inches, is the area of
the picture twice the area of the frame?
For what value of k will the system of equations
above have infinitely many solutions?

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4 4
Math Test – Calculator
55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the
directions before question 14 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any
available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

NOTES
1. The use of calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x
for which f ( x) is a real number.

REFERENCE


c  s 2
h b
2x 60 x s 45
r w

30 45
b a x 3 s
1
A = π r2 A = w A = bh c=
2
a 2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2π r

r
h r h
h
r w
w
 a 
4 1 1
V = wh V = π r 2h V = π r3 V = π r 2h V = wh
3 3 3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2π .
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

CONTINUE

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 192
SAT Practice Test 1

1 3
One number is 4 times the value of another If f (=
x) x + 2 and g ( x=
) ( x − 1) 2 , which of the
number. If their sum is −15 , what is the value
following is equivalent to g ( f (a )) − 2 f (a ) ?
of the smaller of the two numbers?

A) −12 A) a +2
B) −9 B) a −1
C) −6 C) a + 4
D) −3 D) a − 3

2 4
Which of the following systems of equations
Year Profits has no solution?
2010 108, 000
1 1
2011 320, 000 A) x+ y =
1
5 3
2012 415, 000
3x − 5 y =
15
2013 576, 000
B) 4 x + 3 y =
12
2014 842, 000
2015 1,160, 000 3x − 4 y =
6

C) −3 x + 2 y =
7
The profits of an electronic company during the
1 1
six years of its operation are given in the table x− y =
3
above. Which of the following best approximates 2 3
the average rate of change of the profits from 2010 D) − x + 2 y =1
to 2015?
2x − 4 y =
−2
A) $180,000 per year
B) $210,000 per year
C) $250,000 per year
D) $280,000 per year

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 193
Section 4

5 7
A line in the xy - plane passes through the origin
3 x f ( x)
and has a slope of − . Which of the following
4 −10.5
−4
points does NOT lie on the line?
−2 2.5
3
A) (2, − ) 1 −8
2
2 7.5
B) (−4,3)

C) (8, −3)
The function f is defined by a polynomial.
D) (0, 0) Some values of x and f ( x) are shown in the
table above. What is the remainder when f ( x)
is divided by x + 2 ?

A) −10.5
B) −8
C) 2.5
D) 7.5
6

Distance to Finish Line

(meters)
Mike −12t + 1500
Maria −10.5t + 1500
8

Mike and Maria race on a 1500-meter course 1

A thermos holds 2 quarts of liquid. If tablespoon
with their bikes. The expressions in the table 2
above show the distance to the finish line t of ground coffee makes 4 cups of coffee, how many
seconds after they started the race. How many thermoses can be filled with the coffee made from
meters will Maria have left to bike when Mike 3 tablespoons of ground coffee?
completes the course? (1 quart = 4 cups)

A) 165 A) 8
B) 187.5 B) 6
C) 210 C) 4
D) 232.5 D) 3

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 194
SAT Practice Test 1

11
Questions 9 and 10 refer to the following Alice and Bernie both own orchards that grow
information. only apple trees and peach trees. Alice has twice
as many apple trees as Bernie has. Bernie has 1.5
The manufacturer of a cable company sells cable for times as many peach trees as Alice has. Alice’s
$30 per foot. The cost, C , of producing x feet of orchard has 110 more trees than Bernie’s orchard.
=
cable is C 12.5 x + 210 . The company makes a and the total number of trees in both orchards are
profit when the amount of money received from 1,050. Let x be the number of apple trees in
selling the cable is greater than the cost of producing Bernie’s orchard and y be the number of peach
the cable.
trees in Alice’s orchard. Which of the following
systems of equations can be used to find the values
9 of the variables x and y ?

Which of the following inequalities gives all

possible values of x for which the company A) x + 2 y= 1.5 x + y + 110
will make a profit? x + 2 y + 1.5 x + y =
1, 050

B) 1.5 x + y = x + 2 y + 110
A) x > 12 1.5 x + y + x + 2 y =1, 050
B) x > 14.4
C) 2 x + y = x + 1.5 y + 110
C) x > 16 2 x + y + x + 1.5 y =1, 050
D) x > 18.6 D) 2 x + 1.5 y = x + y + 110
2 x + 1.5 y + x + y =1, 050

10
What is the profit that the company could earn
from the sale of 50 feet of cable?
12
A) $620.00 The average gas mileage of Roy’s car is 36 miles
B) $635.00 per gallon of gas for highway driving and 24 miles
per gallon of gas for city driving. If Roy used 10
C) $650.00 gallons of gas for driving 340 miles on both
D) $665.00 highways and cities, how many miles did he
drive on highways?

A) 240
B) 260
C) 280
D) 300

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 195
Section 4

13
Questions 15 and 16 refer to the following
E information.

Revenue of the commercial Revenue of the commercial

banks in country X in 1995. banks in country X in 2005.
C D F
Banks Percent Banks Percent
Bank A 40% Bank A 36%
3
Bank B 29% Bank B 21%

B G Bank C 15% Bank C 18%

H A
Bank D 8% Bank D 10%

In the figure above, ABCD and ADFG are Other Banks 8% Other Banks 15%
squares each with an area of 3 and DEF is an
100% = 10 billion dollars 100% = 14 billion dollars
equilateral triangle. Line segments AD , CF ,
and EH intersect at point D . Which of the
The tables above show the percentage of revenue of
following represents the area of the shaded region?
the commercial banks in country X. Total revenue of
the commercial banks in 1995 was 10 billion dollars
and total revenue of the commercial banks in 2005
3 was 14 billion dollars.
A) 3 −
4

3 15
B) 3 −
2
According to the tables above, which commercial
3 3 bank had amounts of revenue that were nearly
C) 3 − equal in 1995 and 2005?
4
D) 3 − 3 A) Bank A
B) Bank B
C) Bank C
D) Bank D
14
The line of a graph in the xy - plane contains the
point (−2, 4) and is parallel to a line with the
equation x + 2 y =10 . The graph of a second line 16
passes through the points (6, 2) and (−2, −2) . If According to the tables above, what is the percent
the two lines intersect at the point (r , s ) , what is increase of the revenue of Bank D from 1995 to
2005?
the value of r + s ?

A) 2%
A) 5
B) 20%
B) 7
C) 43%
C) 9
D) 75%
D) 11

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 196
SAT Practice Test 1

17 19
If p is 20 percent less than r , r is 20 percent
less than s , and s is 20 percent less than t , Engineering Humanities
which of the following is equal to p ? Female
Male
A) 0.4t
Total 56 52
B) 0.4096t
C) 0.512t The incomplete table above summarizes the
number of faculty members in engineering and
D) 0.64t humanities departments at a certain college. The
ratio of female faculty members in engineering to
male faculty members in engineering is 3 to 11,
and the ratio of female faculty members in
humanities to male faculty members in humanities
is 9 to 4. There are a total of 56 faculty members
in engineering and 52 faculty members in
18 humanities. If one female faculty member is
randomly selected, what is the probability that
A large container can be filled with four times she will be in humanities?
as much water as a medium-sized container, or
nine times as much as a small-sized container.
If x small containers and x large containers 5
A)
are needed to fill a water tank that could be filled 8
with 120 medium-sized containers, what is the
value of x ? 11
B)
16
A) 21 20
C)
B) 25 27

C) 27 3
D)
D) 32 4

20
A parabola with the equation f ( x) = a ( x + 1)( x − 3)
has a minimum value at x = 1 in the xy - plane. If
f ( p=
) f (−3) , which of the following
could be the value of p ?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

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 197
Section 4

21 23
If A0 is the initial amount deposited in a savings
19
x2 − x + y 2 + 2 y − =0 that earns at a fixed rate of r percent per year,
4
and if a constant amount of c is added to the
The equation of a circle in the xy - plane is shown account each year, then the amount An of the
above. What is the area of the circle? savings, n years after the initial deposit is made,
r
is given by the equation An = (1 + ) ⋅ An −1 + c .
100
A) 6π
If Alan made an initial deposit of $10,000 that
13 earns at a fixed rate of 4 percent per year, and he
B) π adds a constant amount of $3,000 to his account
2
each year, what is A3 , the amount he has in the
C) 7π
savings three years after he made his initial
15 deposit?
D) π
2
A) $19,816.00
B) $20, 248.64
C) $20, 613.44
D) $20, 623.23
22

g ( x) =−( x 2 − 6 x + 5) − 4( x − c)

In the polynomial g ( x) defined above, c is

a constant. If g ( x) is divisible by x + 1 , what
24
is the value of c ?
What are the solutions to ( x + 3)( x − 3) =
4x ?
A) 1
B) 2 A) 4 ± 5
C) 3 B) 4 ± 13
D) 4 C) 2 ± 5

D) 2 ± 13

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 198
SAT Practice Test 1

25 27
If x ≠ ±1 , which of the following is equivalent The mean price of a gallon of gas in a certain state
1 is $2.95 with a standard deviation of 12 cents.
−1 Which of the following prices is not within 2
to x + 1 ? standard deviations of the mean price?
1
+ 1
x2 − 1
A) $2.69
1+ x B) $2.72
A)
x C) $3.05
1− x D) $3.18
B)
x
x
C)
1+ x
x
D)
1− x

28
A cylindrical shape container 40 cm high inside
26 with an internal diameter of 20 centimeters (cm)
is 80 percent filled with fruit punch. If Kara pours
The average (arithmetic mean) test score for all 12 fluid ounces of fruit punch to each plastic cup,
the students in a class is 79.6. If the average score what is the largest number of plastic cups with 12
of 16 boys in the class was 81, while that of n fluid ounces of fruit punch, that she can pour from
girls was 78, what is the value of n ? the container?
( 1 fluid ounce = 29.6 cubic centimeters )
A) 14
A) 22
B) 15
B) 25
C) 16
D) 17 C) 28
D) 31

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 199
Section 4

29
Which of the following is NOT a factor of the
polynomial p ( x) = 2 x3 − 5 x 2 − 4 x + 3 ?

A) 2 x − 1
B) x + 1
C) x − 3
D) x − 1

30

P ( x, y )

kπ
x
O Q

In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the

unit circle, and the measure of ∠POQ is kπ
radians. If sin(kπ ) = a , which of the following
could be sin(kπ + π ) ?

1
A) − a
2
1
B) a
2
C) −a
D) a

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 200

4 4

5
DIRECTIONS Answer:
12 Answer: 3.25
For questions 31-38, solve the problem and Write
enter your answer in the grid as described answer 5 / 1 2 3 . 25
below, on the answer sheet. in boxes. / / Fraction / /
line
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles
Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the
circles are filled in correctly. result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
3. No question has a negative answer. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
4. Some problems may have more than one 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
answer.
2
1 Acceptable ways to grid are:
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 must be gridded 3
2
as 3.5 or 7 / 2 . (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the 2 / 3 . 6 66 . 6 67
/ / / / / / / /

31 1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
grid, it will be interpreted as not 3 .) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
answer with more digits than the grid can
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Answer: 212 - either position is correct.

NOTE: You
2 1 2 2 1 2 may start your
/ / / / answers in any
column, space
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ permitting.
0 0 0 0 0 0 Columns you
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 d o n ' t n e e d t o

use should be
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 left blank.

CONTINUE

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 201
Section 4

31 33
Real numbers a and b are positive, and the
2x −1
ratio of a to b is 2.25 times the ratio of b to a . p( x) =
( x − 4) 2 − 6( x − 4) + 9
a
What is the value of ?
b
For what value of x is the function above
undefined?

32 34
When Jay was on vacation in China, the exchange
2 1 rate for Chinese yuan to US dollars was 6.14 yuan
x− y =
98 per dollar. On her vacation in China, Jay bought
5 5
two one-day Beijing tour tickets for 320 yuan
2 1
x+ y =
55 each. To the nearest dollar, how many dollars
7 14 did the two tickets cost?
(Disregard the $ sign when gridding your answer.)
If the ordered pair ( x, y ) satisfies the system of

equations shown above, what is the value of x ?

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 202
SAT Practice Test 1

35 37

If x 4 ⋅ x9 = x n ⋅ x n ,what is the value of n ? y = a ( x + 3)( x − 5)

In the quadratic equation above, a is a nonzero

constant. The graph of the equation in the xy - plane
has the vertex (h, k ) . If the value of k is −8 , what
is the value of a ?

36 38

In the xy - plane, a parabola with the equation If ( x + 2) is a factor of f ( x) = x3 + x 2 + x + c ,

and (−1, p ) lies on the graph of f , what is the
y= −( x + 3) 2 + 9 intersects a line with the equation
value of p ?
y = −7 at two points, P and Q . What is the
length of PQ ?

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 203
Section 4

Answer Key 3. A
1
SAT Practice Test 1 – No Calculator (16 − 4 x) = nx + 8 + 3 x
2
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 8 − 2 x =8 + (n + 3) x Simplify.
6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A If each side of the equation is the same, the
11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C equation is an identity.
16. 10 17. 16 18. 3 19. 2 20. 10 Therefore, in the simplified equation above,
if −2 = n + 3 , the equation is an identity.
Solving for n yields n = −5 .
SAT Practice Test 1 – Calculator
4. C
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C
6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. D The slope of the line shown on the graph is
11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B 3 − (−3)
= −2 . Therefore, the equation of the line
16. D 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. B −2 − 1
21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B that is parallel to the line shown on the graph, in
26. A 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C slope-intercept form, is y = −2 x + b .
31. 1.5 32. 210 33. 7 34. 104 35. 6.5
1 1
1 Since the line contains ( ,3) , substitute x =
36. 8 37. or 0.5 38. 5 2 2
2
and y = 3 in the equation.
1
3= −2( ) + b ⇒ b = 4
2
Therefore, the equation of the line is y =−2 x + 4 .
Answers and Explanations
5. B
SAT Practice Test 1 – No Calculator
AP Tests Taken by High School Seniors
1. A
Number of Students

120
1
f (=
x) x −1 100
2 80
1
f (−2 x + 1) = (−2 x + 1) − 1 Replace −2 x + 1 for x . 60
2 40
1
f (−2 x + 1) =− x + − 1 Simplify. 20
2
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
f (−2 x + 1) =− x −
2 Number of AP Tests

2. D The mode of a set of data is the number that

appears most frequently. Therefore, the mode
a
x= 1− of the number of AP tests taken by each student
b was 4.
b a The statement in choice A is true.
x =1 ⋅ − b is the LCD.
b b
b−a When the distribution is skewed to the left, the
x= Subtract the numerator. data set will usually have a greater median than
b the mean.
1 b The statement in choice B is NOT true.
=
x b−a So, choice B is the correct answer.

The following shows the calculation of the mean,

which you don’t necessarily need to do in a real
SAT test situation.

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Answers and Explanations

There are 160 students who took 3 or less AP 8. B

tests and there are 120 students who took 5 or (1 + i ) 2
more AP tests. Since the median number is the
1− i
average of the 200th and 201th number, the
median is 4. 1 + 2i + i 2
= FOIL
The mean number of AP tests taken by the senior 1− i
students was 1 + 2i − 1
0 ⋅ 20 + 1 ⋅ 30 + 2 ⋅ 50 + 3 ⋅ 60 + 4 ⋅120 + 5 ⋅ 80 + 6 ⋅ 40 = i 2 = −1
1− i
400 2i
= 3.575 = Simplify.
1− i
Therefore, the average number of AP tests taken 2i (1 + i )
by the senior students is less than the median = Rationalize the denominator.
(1 − i )(1 + i )
number of AP tests taken by the senior students.
2i + 2i 2
6. C = Distributive Property
1 − i2
There are 120 senior students who took 4 AP tests 2i − 2
= i 2 = −1
and there are 60 students who took 3 AP tests. 1 − (−1)
The following equation represents “120 is what 2(i − 1)
percent greater than 60”. = Factor.
2
=
120 60(1 +
n
) = i − 1 or −1 + i Simplify.
 100

n % more than 60 9. C
n
120 = 60 + 60 × Distributive Property To determine which quadrant does not contain any
100 solution to the system of inequalities, graph the
n inequalities. Graph the inequality 2 − y < 2 x by
= 60 ×
60 Subtract 60 from each side.
100 drawing a dashed line through (0, 2) and (1, 0) .
n Graph the inequality − x ≤ 4 − y by drawing a
1= Divide each side by 60.
100 solid line through (0, 4) and (−4, 0) .
n = 100 y
Therefore, the number of senior students who
took 4 AP tests is 100% greater than the number II I
of senior students who took 3 AP tests.
x
O
7. D
IV
x+ y < a III

x− y >b
Substitute x = 0 and y = 1 in the inequalities. The solution to the system of inequalities is the
0 + 1 < a or 1 < a First inequality shaded region shown above. It can be seen that
0 − 1 > b or −1 > b Second inequality the solutions only include points in quadrants I,
1< a II, and IV and do not include any points in
quadrant III.
1 < −b Multiply each side of second
inequality by −1 and change Choice C is correct.
> to <.
1< a 10. A
+ 1 < −b Add the two inequalities. Let x = the number of diskettes produced in
2 < a + (−b) h hours.
Set up a proportion for the following:
Choice D is correct.
d diskettes produced in m minutes is x diskettes
produced in h hours.

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Section 4

d diskettes x diskettes 13. A

=
m minutes h hours If x is the number of bags of Arabian Mocha,
d diskettes x diskettes then 10 − x is the number of bags of Kona.
= h hours = 60h minutes
m minutes 60h minutes The cost of Arabian Mocha is 18x and the cost
60dh = mx Cross Products of Kona is 28(10 − x) . The total cost is d dollars,
60dh so 18 x + 28(10 − x) =
d.
=x
m 18 x + 280 − 28 x =
d Distributive Property
−10 x + 280 = d Simplify.
11. B 280 − d = 10 x Simplify.
The factored form of a quadratic function written 280 d
− = x Divide each side by 10.
as y = a ( x − b)( x − c) has x- intercepts (b, 0) and 10 10
(c, 0) . So, you need to factored the given equation. 28 − 0.1d = x Simplify.

y = 2 x 2 − 11x − 6
14. D
Find two numbers with a sum of −11 and a product r
of 2 ⋅ −6 or −12 . The two numbers are 1 and −12 . First you need to solve the equation p =
s−r
2 x 2 − 11x − 6 for r .
= 2 x 2 + x − 12 x − 6 Write −11x as x − 12 x . r
p ( s −=
r) (s − r ) Multiply by s − r .
= (2 x 2 + x) − (12 x + 6) Group terms with common s−r
factor. ps − pr =r Distributive Property
= x(2 x + 1) − 6(2 x + 1) Factor each group. ps= r + pr Add pr to each side.
= (2 x + 1)( x − 6) Distributive Property = r (1 + p )
ps Factor.
Therefore, y = (2 x + 1)( x − 6) is the equivalent ps
=r Divide by 1 + p .
form of the equation that displays the x- intercepts 1+ p
of the parabola as constants or coefficients.
r 1
q= = r⋅
12. C s s
ps 1 ps
1 3 q= ⋅ r=
p 1+ p s 1+ p
2 4
p
5 q= Cancel out s .
1+ p
6 8 q
7 15. C
9
A population that doubles in size over equal time
periods is increasing at an exponential rate. The
In the figure above, line p is parallel to line q .
exponential growth model can be written in the
t
I. If line p is parallel to line q , corresponding
form y = a (2) b , in which a is the population at
angles are equal in measure. Therefore,
m∠2 = m∠9 . time t = 0 and b is the doubling time. If the
population of the town was 140,000 at the
Statement I is true. beginning of 2016 and the population doubles
II. ∠2 and ∠4 do not have any relation. We do t
every 24 years, P = 140, 000(2) 24 represents the
not know if the two angles are supplementary.
population t years after 2016.
Statement II is not true. t 24
If t = 24 , (2)
= 24 =
(2) 24 (2)1 .
III. m∠4 = m∠6 Alternate interior ∠s are ≅ .
So the population will double 24 years after 2016.
m∠6 + m∠8 = m∠5 Exterior Angle Theorem 48

m∠4 + m∠8 = m∠5 Substitute m∠4 for m∠6 . If t = 48 , (2) 24 = (2) 2 . So the population will
quadruple 48 years after 2016, and so on.
Statement III is true.

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Answers and Explanations

16. 10
−7 + a =3
−7 + a + 7 = 3 + 7 Add 7 to each side. x
x−2
a = 10 Simplify.
x
Hence, 10 − [(a − 3) − 7] = 10 − [(10 − 3) − 7] = 10 .
x+2
17. 16
Since the width of the frame is 1 inch, it follows
2 Three is subtracted from that the length and width of the rectangular picture,
k −3 two thirds of k . represented by the unshaded region, is x and x − 2
3
respectively. Thus the area of the rectangular
2
2( k − 3) The difference is doubled. picture is x( x − 2) square inches. The area of the
3
outer rectangle is x( x + 2) square inches.
2 1
2( k − 3) = k + 10 The result is ten more than
Since the area of the frame is the area of the outer
3 3 one third of the number.
rectangle minus the area of the inner rectangle, the
4 1 area of the frame is x( x + 2) − x( x − 2) .
k − 6= k + 10 Simplify.
3 3 Set the expression for the area of the picture as
4 1 twice the area of the frame.
3( k − 6)= 3( k + 10) Multiply each side by 3.
3 3
x( x − 2)
= 2[ x( x + 2) − x( x − 2)]
4k − 18 =k + 30 Distributive Property
4k − 18 − k = k + 30 − k Subtract k from each side. x 2 − 2 x= 2[ x 2 + 2 x − x 2 + 2 x]
3k − 18 = 30 Simplify. x2 − 2 x = 8x
3k = 48 Add 18 to each side. x 2 − 10 x =0
k = 16 Divide each side by3. x( x − 10) =0
x = 0 or x = 10
18. 3
Since x represents the length of the picture,
In order for a system of two linear equations to
have infinitely many solutions, the two equations discard the solution x = 0 . Therefore, when
must be equivalent. The equation 6 x + ky = x = 10 , the area of the picture is twice the area
3
of the frame.
−6 3
can be rewritten as=y x + . If the two
k k
6 3 SAT Practice Test 1 – Calculator
equations are equivalent, − = −2 and = 1 .
k k
1. A
Solving for k yields k = 3 .
Let 4n and n be the two numbers.
19. 2
4n + n =−15 Their sum is −15 .
−2 x + 5 x + 10
2
A 5n = −15 Simplify.
= 2x + 3 − n = −3
−x + 4 −x + 4
4n = −12
Multiply each side of the equation by − x + 4 .
Since −12 is the smaller of two numbers,
−2 x 2 + 5 x + 10 choice A is correct.
(− x + 4)
−x + 4
A 2. B
= (− x + 4)[2 x + 3 − ]
−x + 4 Average rate of change in profit
⇒ −2 x + 5 x + 10 = (− x + 4)(2 x + 3) − A
2 change in profit 1,160, 000 − 108, 000
= =
⇒ −2 x 2 + 5 x + 10 =
−2 x 2 + 5 x + 12 − A change in years 2015 − 2010
1, 052, 000
Since the constant terms have to be equal on both = = 210, 400
= 12 − A , or A = 2 .
sides of the equation, 10 5
20. 10

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Section 4

3. D 3 3
A) Substitute x = 2 and y = − in y = − x .
If f (=
x) x + 2 and g ( x=
) ( x − 1) ,
2 2 4
3 3
f (=
a) a +2. − =− (2) is true.
2 4
g ( f (a )) − 2 f (a ) 3
B) Substitute x = −4 and y = 3 in y = − x .
4
= g ( a + 2) − 2( a + 2)
3
= (( a + 2) − 1) 2 − 2 a − 4 3= − (−4) is true.
4
= ( a + 1) 2 − 2 a − 4 3
C) Substitute x = 8 and y = −3 in y = − x .
= ( a )2 + 2 a + 1 − 2 a − 4 4
= a −3 3
−3 =− (8) is not true.
4
4. C Therefore, choice C is correct.
A system of two equations has no solution if the
equations have the same slope but different 6. B
y - intercepts. Change each equation in each To find out the time it took for Mike to reach the
answer choice into slope-intercept form. finish line, solve the equation −12t + 1,500 = 0
1 1 3 for t . Solving the equation for t gives t = 125 .
A) x+ y = 1 ⇒ y= − x+3 Substitute 125 for t in the expression
5 3 5
−10.5t + 1,500 .
3
3x − 5 y =15 ⇒ = y x−3 −10.5(125) + 1,500 = 187.5
5
Therefore, Maria has 187.5 meters to finish
Their slopes are different, so they must have
when Mike is on the finish line.
one solution.
4 7. C
12 ⇒ y =
B) 4 x + 3 y = − x+4
3 If the polynomial f ( x) is divided by x + 2 ,
3 3 the remainder is f (−2) . Based on the table,
3x − 4 y =6 ⇒= y x−
4 2 f (−2) = 2.5 . Therefore, when f ( x) is divided
Their slopes are different, so they must have
one solution. by x + 2 , the remainder is 2.5.

3 7 8. D
7 ⇒=
C) −3 x + 2 y = y x+
2 2 Set up a proportion for the following.
1 1 3
x− y = 3 ⇒= y x−9 1
If tablespoon of ground coffee makes 4 cups of
2 3 2 2
The slopes are the same, but their y - intercepts coffee, 3 tablespoons of ground coffee makes c
are different. Therefore, the system has no cups of coffee.
solution.
1/ 2 table spoon of ground coffee
5. C 4 cups of coffee
If a line in the xy - plane passes through the origin 3 table spoons of ground coffee
=
3 c cups of coffee
and has a slope of − , the equation of the line
4 1
c= 3 ⋅ 4 Cross Product
3 2
is y = − x . c = 24 cups Simplify.
4
Check each answer choice with the equation Since a thermos holds 2 quarts of liquid,
3 which is 8 cups, 24 cups of coffee can be
y= − x.
4 filled 24 ÷ 8 , or 3 thermoses.

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Answers and Explanations

9. A 13. B
If the company sells x feet of cable, the selling E
price is 30x and the cost of producing x feet of
cable= is C 12.5 x + 210 . Therefore,
=
profit selling price − cost
C D F
=30 x − (12.5 x + 210)
= 17.5 x − 210
3
To make a profit, 17.5 x − 210 > 0 .
Solving the inequality gives x > 12 .
B G
H A
10. D
m∠EDF = 60 Each ∠ of equilateral ∆ is 60 .
If the company sells 50 feet of cable, the profit
m∠DHA = m∠EDF Corresponding angles are ≅ .
is 17.5(50) − 210 , or 665 dollars.
m∠DHA = 60 Substitution

11. C Therefore, ∆DHA is a 30 -60 -90 triangle.

HA ⋅ 3 =
DA In a 30 -60 -90 ∆ , the longer
If x is the number of apple trees in Bernie’s
leg is 3 times the shorter leg.
orchards, 2x is the number of apple trees
in Alice’s orchards, because Alice has twice as HA⋅ 3 =3 = CB
DA = 3
many apple trees as Bernie has. If y is the HA = 1 Divide each side by 3.
number of peach trees in Alice’s orchards, 1 1 3
1.5y is the number of peach trees in Bernie’s Area of ∆DHA= HA ⋅ DA= (1)( 3)=
2 2 2
orchards, because Bernie has 1.5 times as many Area of shaded region is area of square ABCD
peach trees as Alice. Therefore, the number of minus area of triangle DHA . Therefore,
trees in Alice’s orchards is 2x + y and the number 3
of trees in Bernie’s orchards is x + 1.5 y . Since area of shaded region= 3 − .
2
Alice’s orchard has 110 more trees than Bernie’s
orchard, the expression 2 x + y = x + 1.5 y + 110 14. A
is true. Since the total number of trees in both 1
orchards is 1,050, the expression Rewrite the equation x + 2 y = 10 as y = − x +5.
2
2 x + y + x + 1.5 y + 110 =
1, 050 is true. 1
The slope of the line is − . Any line parallel to
Choice C is correct. 2
1
the line can be written as y = − x + b . If the line
12. D 2
Let x = the number of miles he drove on the contains the point (−2, 4) , substitute x = −2 and
highway. Let 340 − x =the number of miles he 1
drove in the city. The number of gallons of gas y = 4 in the equation. 4 = − (−2) + b ⇒ b = 3
2
used is the number of miles drove divided by 1
x 340 − x Therefore, y = − x + 3 is parallel to x + 2 y =10
the gas mileage. Therefore, + = 10 . 2
36 24 and contains the point (−2, 4) .
x 340 − x
72( + )= 72(10) LCD is 72. The slope of the second line which passes through
36 24 2 − (−2) 1
2 x + 3(340 − x) = 720 the points (6, 2) and (−2, −2) is or .
Distributive Property 6 − (−2) 2
2 x + 1, 020 − 3 x =720 Distributive Property The point-slope form of the second line is
− x =−300 1
x = 300 y − 2= ( x − 6) , which can be rewritten as
2
1 1
=y x − 1 . Substitute − x + 3 for y in the
2 2
equation to find the point of intersection.

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Section 4

1 1 If x small containers and x large containers are

x − 1 =− x + 3 Substitution needed to fill a water tank that could be filled with
2 2
1 1 1 1 120 medium size containers, then the equation
1
x − 1 + x =− x + 3 + x Add x . 4m
2 2 2 2 2 x( ) + x(4m) = 120m can be used to solve the
x −1 = 3 Simplify. 9
x=4 value of x .
1 1 4
y= x − 1= (4) − 1= 1 m( x + 4 x ) = 120m Factor.
2 2 9
Therefore, the point of intersection (r , s ) = (4,1) . 4
( x + 4 x) = 120 Divide each side by m .
r + s = 4 +1 = 5 9
40
15. B x = 120 Simplify.
9
Actual earnings in 1995 9 40 9 9
⋅ x = ⋅120 Multiply each side by .
Bank A =10 × 0.4 =4 billion 40 9 40 40
Bank B = 10 × 0.29 = 2.9 billion x = 27
Bank C = 10 × 0.15 = 1.5 billion
Bank D = 10 × 0.08 =0.8 billion 19. D
Actual earnings in 2005 Let the number of female faculty members in
Bank A = 14 × 0.36 =5.04 billion engineering be 3x and let the number of male
Bank B = 14 × 0.21 = 2.94 billion faculty members in engineering be 11x . Then
Bank C = 14 × 0.18 = 2.52 billion 3 x + 11x =
56 .
Bank D =14 × 0.1 =1.4 billion 14 x = 56 Simplify.
Bank B had actual amounts of earnings that x=4 Divide each side by 14.
were nearly equal in 1995 and 2005. So, there are 12 female and 44 male faculty
members in engineering.
16. D Let the number of female faculty members in
The actual earnings of Bank D rose from humanities be 9 y and let the number of male
0.8 billion in 1995 to 1.4 billion in 2005. faculty members in humanities be 4 y . Then
The percent increase is 9y + 4y = 52 .
amount of increase 1.4 − 0.8
= = 0.75 . 13 x = 52 Simplify.
amount in 1995 0.8
y=4 Divide each side by 13.
The percent increase of the actual earnings of
Bank D from 1995 to 2005 is 75 percent. So, there are 36 female and 16 male faculty
members in humanities.
17. C Now you are able to fill in the table.
p= r − 0.2r p is 20% less than r .
p = 0.8r Simplify. Engineering Humanities
r= s − 0.2 s r is 20% less than s . Female 12 36
r = 0.8s Simplify.
Male 44 16
s = t − 0.2t s is 20% less than t .
s = 0.8t Simplify. Total 56 52

= =
p 0.8 =
r 0.8(0.8 s ) 0.8(0.8(0.8=
t )) 0.512t
There are altogether 48 female faculty members.
If one female faculty member is randomly selected,
18. C
the probability that she will be in humanities is
Let m = the capacity of the medium container, 36 3
then 4m = the capacity of the large container, = .
48 4
4m
and = the capacity of the small container.
9

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 210
Answers and Explanations

20. B = 13, 400

If the parabola has a minimum value at x = 1 , A2 = (1 +
4
) ⋅ A1 + 3, 000 n=2
x = 1 is the axis of symmetry. If f ( p=
) f (−3) , 100
the distance from p to x = 1 is the same as the =+(1
4
) ⋅13, 400 + 3, 000 A1 = 13, 400
distance from −3 to x = 1 . Thus, 1 − (−3) = p − 1 . 100
= 16,936
4= p − 1 Simplify. 4
5= p A3 =(1 + ) ⋅ A2 + 3, 000 n=3
100
4
21. A =+(1 ) ⋅16,936 + 3, 000 A2 = 16,936
100
19 = 20, 613.44
x2 − x + y 2 + 2 y − =0
4
19 24. D
Add to each side.
4 ( x + 3)( x − 3) = 4x
19
x2 − x + y 2 + 2 y = x2 − 9 = 4x
4
x2 − 4 x − 9 = 0
1 2 1 2
Add (−1× ) and (2 × ) to complete the square
2 2 Use the quadratic formula to solve the equation.
for each variable. −b ± b 2 − 4ac
1 19 1 x =
x2 − x + + y 2 + 2 y + 1 = + +1 2a
4 4 4
−(−4) ± (−4) 2 − 4(1)(−9)
1 2
( x − ) + ( y + 1) =
2
6 =
2 2(1)
The standard equation of a circle with center (h, k ) 4 ± 16 + 36 4 ± 52
= =
and radius r unit is ( x − h) + ( y − k ) =
2 2 2
r . 2 2
4 ± 52 4 ± 2 13
Therefore, the radius of the circle is 6 and = =
the area of the circle is π ( 6) 2 = 6π . 2 2
= 2 ± 13
22. B
25. B
g ( x) =−( x 2 − 6 x + 5) − 4( x − c)
If g ( x) is divisible by x + 1 , g (−1) =0. Since ( x 2 − 1) = ( x + 1)( x − 1) , ( x + 1)( x − 1) is
the LCD of the numerator and the denominator.
g (−1) =−((−1) 2 − 6(−1) + 5) − 4(−1 − c)
1 1
=−(1 + 6 + 5) + 4 + 4c −1 ( − 1)( x + 1)( x − 1)
x +1 = x +1
=−12 + 4 + 4c 1 1
=−8 + 4c +1 ( 2 + 1)( x + 1)( x − 1)
x2 − 1 x −1
Therefore, if g (−1) = 0 , −8 + 4c =0 or c = 2 .
( x − 1) − ( x + 1)( x − 1)
=
1 + ( x + 1)( x − 1)
23. C
r x − 1 − x2 + 1
An =(1 + ) ⋅ An −1 + c =
100 1 + x2 − 1
If Alan made an initial deposit of $10,000 x − x2
that earns at a fixed rate of 4 percent per year, =
and he adds a constant amount of $3,000 to his x2
account each year, then A0 = 10, 000 , r = 4 x(1 − x)
=
and c = 3, 000 . x2
1− x
4 =
A1 =+(1 ) ⋅10, 000 + 3, 000 n =1 x
100

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 211
Section 4

26. A 1 1 1 1
p (= ) 2( )3 − 5( ) 2 − 4( ) += 3 0
The weighted average of two groups is the sum of 2 2 2 2
the values of group 1 plus the sum of the values of Therefore, 2 x − 1 is a factor of p ( x) .
group 2 divided by the total number of the values.
In this question, the weighted average of two B) If x + 1 is a factor of p ( x) , p (−1) =0.
groups is 79.6, the sum of the values of boys is p (−1) = 2(−1)3 − 5(−1) 2 − 4(−1) + 3 = 0
81× 16 , the sum of the values of girls is 78n , and
Therefore, x + 1 is a factor of p ( x) .
the total number of values is 16 + n .
Use the weighted average formula. C) If x − 3 is a factor of p ( x) , p (3) = 0 .
81× 16 + 78n = 2(3)3 − 5(3) 2 − 4(3) +=
p (3) 3 0
79.6 =
16 + n Therefore, x − 3 is a factor of p ( x) .
Multiply each side of the equation by 16 + n .
D) If x − 1 is a factor of p ( x) , p (1) = 0 .
79.6(16 + n)= 1296 + 78n
p (1) =2(1)3 − 5(1) 2 − 4(1) + 3 =−4 ≠ 0
1273.6 + 79.6n =1296 + 78n
1.6n = 22.4 Therefore, x − 1 is NOT a factor of p ( x) .
22.4 Choice D is correct.
n=
1.6
= 14 30. C
y
27. A
P
2.95 + 0.12 = 3.07 Price within one SD
2.95 + 2 × 0.12 =3.19 Price within two SD kπ
2.95 − 0.12 = 2.83 Price within one SD x
2.95 − 2 × 0.12 =2.71 Price within two SD O Q
kπ + π
The prices between $2.71 and $3.19 are within
two standard deviations. Thus, $2.69 is not R
within two standard deviations.

28. C In the xy - plane above, the terminal side of kπ

Volume of the cylindrical shape container intersects the unit circle in quadrant II. In the
y
= π= r 2 h π (10 cm) 2 (40 =
cm) 4, 000π cm3 . unit circle, sin θ= = y . If sin(kπ ) = a , the
1
The container is 80 percent filled with punch,
y - coordinate of P is a , for which a > 0 . If
so the amount of punch in the container is
the terminal side of kπ is in quadrant II, the
4, 000π cm3 × 0.8 = 3, 200π cm3 .
terminal side of kπ + π intersects the unit circle
Since 1 fluid ounce = 29.6 cm3 , dividing the in quadrant IV. The y - coordinate in quadrant II
amount of cubic centimeters by 29.6 will give is positive but the y - coordinate in quadrant IV
the number of fluid ounces.
is negative. Therefore,
(3, 200π cm3 ) ÷ 29.6 cm3 ≈ 339.63 fluid ounces
y
To find out the number of cups, divide 339.63 sin(kπ + π ) === y −a.
1
by 12. 339.63 ÷ 12 ≈ 28.3
Therefore, the largest number of 12 ounce cups
31. 1.5
that she can pour from the container is 28.
The ratio of a to b is 2.25 times the ratio of b
29. D a b
to a . This can be written as= 2.25 × .
p( x) = 2 x3 − 5 x 2 − 4 x + 3 b a
Check each answer choice. a a b a a
⋅ = 2.25 × ⋅ Multiply each side by .
1 b b a b b
A) If 2 x − 1 is a factor of p ( x) , p ( ) = 0 .
2

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 212
Answers and Explanations

a2 She paid $104 dollars for the two tickets, to the

= 2.25 Simplify. nearest dollar.
b2
a 35. 6.5
=± 2.25 =
±1.5 Square root each side.
b
a x 4 ⋅ x9 = x n ⋅ x n
Since a and b are positive, = 1.5 x 4+9 = x n + n am+n
am ⋅ an =
b
x13 = x 2n Simplify.
32. 210 13 = 2n
6.5 = n
2 1
x− y = 98 First equation
5 5 36. 8
2 1
x+ y = 55 Second equation To find the point of intersection, substitute −7
7 14
for y in the equation y =−( x + 3) 2 + 9 .
2 1
5( x − y ) = 5(98) Multiply each side by 5. −7 =−( x + 3) 2 + 9 Substitute −7 for y .
5 5
−7 =− x − 6 x − 9 + 9
2
FOIL
2 1
14( x + y ) =
14(55) Multiply each side by 14. −7 =− x − 6 x
2
Simplify.
7 14
x2 + 6 x − 7 = 0 Make one side 0.
2x − y =490 Simplify.
( x + 7)( x − 1) = 0 Factor.
4x + y =770 Simplify. x = −7 or x = 1
Add the two equations to get 6 x = 1260 . Since PQ is on a horizontal line, y = −7 ,
PQ = 1 − (−7) = 8 .
1260
=x = 210
6 1
37.
2
33. 7
2x −1 The x- coordinate of the vertex of a parabola is
The expression p ( x) = the average of the two x- intercepts. Therefore, if
( x − 4) − 6( x − 4) + 9
2
the coordinates of the vertex of y = a ( x + 3)( x − 5)
is undefined when the denominator of p ( x) is
−3 + 5
zero. Therefore, if ( x − 4) 2 − 6( x − 4) + 9 is equal is (h, k=
), h = 1 . Since the value of k is
2
to 0, p ( x) is undefined. given as −8 , (h, k= ) (1, −8) . Substitute 1 for x
( x − 4) 2 − 6( x − 4) + 9 =0 and −8 for y in the equation of the quadratic
The expression ( x − 4) 2 − 6( x − 4) + 9 =0 is function.
a perfect square, which can be rewritten as −8= a (1 + 3)(1 − 5)
(( x − 4) − 3) 2 =
0. −8 = a (−16)
The expression (( x − 4) − 3) is equal to zero
2 1
=a
if ( x − 4) − 3 =0 . Solving for x gives x = 7 . 2

38. 5
34. 104
If ( x + 2) is a factor of f ( x) = x3 + x 2 + x + c ,
Jay bought two one-day Beijing tour tickets for
then f (−2) = 0.
320 yuan each, so she paid 640 yuan for the
two tickets. Set up a proportion. f (−2) = (−2)3 + (−2) 2 + (−2) + c = 0
1 dollar x dollar ⇒ −8 + 4 − 2 + c =0 ⇒ c = 6
=
6.14 yuans 640 yuans So, f ( x) = x3 + x 2 + x + 6 .
6.14 x = 640 Cross Products Since, (−1, p ) lies on the graph of f , f (−1) =p.
640
=x ≈ 104.234 f (−1) = (−1)3 + (−1) 2 + (−1) + 6 = p ⇒ p = 5
6.14

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Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 214

SAT Practice Test 2

Ultimate Prep
Pr
With
faisal Aftab
0333-4276296

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 215

3 3
Math Test – No Calculator
25 MINUTES, 20 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the
directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any
available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

NOTES
1. The use of calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x
for which f ( x) is a real number.

REFERENCE


c  s 2
h b
2x 60 x s 45
r w

30 45
b a x 3 s
1
A = π r2 A = w A = bh c=
2
a 2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2π r

r
h r h
h
r w
w
 a 
4 1 1
V = wh V = π r 2h V = π r3 V = π r 2h V = wh
3 3 3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2π .
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

CONTINUE

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 216
SAT Practice Test 2

1 3
Which of the following equations represents
x −1 1 3 5 a line that is parallel to the line with the equation
f ( x) 9 3 −3 −9 2
=y x+2?
3
The table above shows some values of the linear
function f . Which of the following defines f ? A) 2 x + 3 y =
5

B) 3 x + 2 y =
9
A) f ( x=
) 2x − 7
C) 4 x − 6 y =
3
B) f ( x=
) 3x + 6
D) 4 x + 6 y =
−8
C) f ( x) =−3 x + 6

D) f ( x) =−2 x + 7

2 4
For which of the following ordered pairs ( x, y )
3( a + b )
2

is y > x − 4 and x + y < 5 ? If = 343 , what is the value of ab ?

3( a −b )
2

A) (0, −5)
5
A)
B) (0, 2) 4

C) (5,3) 3
B)
2
D) (4, −2)
7
C)
4
D) 2

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 217
Section 3

5 7
Kay purchased a total of 8 bags of Colombia
Coffee and Roast Espresso. Each bag of Columbia
34% 34% Coffee costs $25 and each bag of Roast Espresso
2% 2% costs $35. If Kay paid $230 for the coffee and
14% 14% espresso, solving which of the following systems
m − 2d m−d m m+d m + 2d of equations yields the number of bags of
Columbia Coffee, c , and the number of bags
The figure above shows a normal distribution with of Roast Espresso, r ?
mean m and standard deviation d , including
approximate percents of the distribution c+r = 8
corresponding to the six regions shown. A) 
35c + 25r =
230
The mean value of 500 homes in a county is
$225,000 and the standard deviation is $25,000.
 c= r + 8
B) 
25c + 35r =
230
Approximately how many of the homes in the
 230
county are between $175,000 and $225,000? c + r =
C)  8
25c + 35r =230
A) 310
B) 340 c+r = 8
D) 
C) 380 25c + 35r =
230

D) 410

8
6
If a number p increased by 120 percent equals h( x ) =
− px 2 + 1
a number q decreased by 20 percent, which of
For the function h defined above, p is a constant
the following is true?
and h(2) = −1 . What is the value of h( p ) ?

5
A) q = p
2 7
A)
8
11
B) q = p
4 5
B) −
4
7
C) q = p
2 5
C)
4
15
D) q = p
4 7
D) −
8

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 218
SAT Practice Test 2

Questions 9-11 refer to the following information.

AUTOMOBILES SOLD AT MAX CAR DEALER, APRIL-AUGUST

Number of Mean Price of Automobiles Sold
Automobiles Sold
Month Number $22,000
April 275
$21,000
May 395
June 405 $20,000
July 338
$19,000
August 262
April May June July August
Month

9 11
Which of the following is closest to the mean Max Car Dealer collected a tax equal to 8 percent
of the prices of the 670 automobiles sold in of the price of each automobile sold in August.
April and May? Approximately how much did Max Car Dealer
collect in taxes from all automobiles sold in
August?
A) $19,600
B) $19,700
A) $42,000
C) $19,800
B) $44,000
D) $19,900
C) $420,000
D) $440,000

10
What is the percent increase of the mean price of
automobiles sold from May to June?

A) 7%
B) 7.5%
C) 8%
D) 8.5%

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 219
Section 3

12 14

7 x ⋅ x7
3−i 3 Which of the following is equivalent to ?
77 ⋅ x x
1− i 3
If the expression above is rewritten in the form A) 1
a + bi , in which a and b are real numbers, what 7

is the value of b ? B) ( x − 7) x

x
C) ( ) x − 7
3 7
A) −
2 7
D) ( ) x − 7
3 x
B)
2

3
C) −
4
15
3
D)
4 y

y = f ( x)

1
x
O 1
13

d
width
The complete graph of function f is shown in
x the xy - plane above, for −5 ≤ x ≤ 5 . Which of
length the following are true?
I. f is strictly increasing then strictly decreasing
The figure above shows a rectangle with a diagonal
of length d . Which of the following equations for −1 < x < 3 .
represents the area of the rectangle? 3
II. f (− ) = 2
2
A) d 2 cos 2 x III. f is maximum at x = 0 .

B) d sin 2 x A) I only
 
C) d cos x ⋅ sin x
2
B) I and II only
 
D) d cos x ⋅ sin x C) II and III only

D) I, II, and III

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3 3

5
DIRECTIONS Answer:
12 Answer: 3.25
For questions 16-20, solve the problem and Write
enter your answer in the grid as described answer 5 / 1 2 3 . 25
below, on the answer sheet. in boxes. / / Fraction / /
line
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles
Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the
circles are filled in correctly. result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
3. No question has a negative answer. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
4. Some problems may have more than one 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
answer.
2
1 Acceptable ways to grid are:
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 must be gridded 3
2
as 3.5 or 7 / 2 . (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the 2 / 3 . 6 66 . 6 67
/ / / / / / / /

31 1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
grid, it will be interpreted as not 3 .) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
answer with more digits than the grid can
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Answer: 212 - either position is correct.

NOTE: You
2 1 2 2 1 2 may start your
/ / / / answers in any
column, space
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ permitting.
0 0 0 0 0 0 Columns you
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 don't need to
use should be
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 left blank.

CONTINUE

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 221
Section 3

16 19
What is the value of 9 − n
if n − 9 =−n + 16 − 3n ? x f ( x) g ( x)

−1 −3 −2

2 3 1

3 5 6

The table above gives values of f and g at

selected values of x .What is the value of
g ( f (2)) ?

17

(3ab 2 )(2a 2 b)3

If = 3a m b n , what is the value of
8a 2 b 2
m+n?

20

O 50 P

R
18
In the figure above, point O is the center of the
3x + 2 y = 24 circle, and line segments PQ and PR are tangent
−2 x + 3 y =
10 to the circle at points Q and R , respectively. If
9
the radius of the circle is , what is the length of
If ( x, y ) is solution to the system of equations π
above, what is the value of x + y ? ?
the minor arc QR

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4 4
Math Test – Calculator
55 MINUTES, 38 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the
directions before question 14 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any
available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

NOTES
1. The use of calculator is not permitted.
2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x
for which f ( x) is a real number.

REFERENCE


c  s 2
h b
2x 60 x s 45
r w

30 45
b a x 3 s
1
A = π r2 A = w A = bh c=
2
a 2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2π r

r
h r h
h
r w
w
 a 
4 1 1
V = wh V = π r 2h V = π r3 V = π r 2h V = wh
3 3 3

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2π .
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

CONTINUE

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 223
SAT Practice Test 2

1 3
Half the difference of 18 and a number n is
11 + 5 x = kx − 3( x − 4)
equal to the sum of n and three. What is the
value of n ?
If the linear equation above has no solution,
which of the following could be the value of k ?
5
A)
2 A) −1
B) 4 B) 2
11 C) 5
C)
2
D) 8
D) 6

2 4

1 If f (2 − x) = 3 x − 5 for all values of x , what is

If 0.14 x = 2.8 , what is the value of ?
x the value of f (−3) ?

A) 0.2 A) −14
B) 0.5 B) −2
C) 0.02 C) 10
D) 0.05 D) 14

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 224
Section 4

5 7
1 During a basketball game, the Lancers scored 15
The line of a graph in the xy - plane has slope
3 2
points in the first quarter, of their total score in
and contains the point (6, −1) . The graph of 7
a second line passes through the points (0,1) 1
the second quarter, of their total score in the
and (1, 0) . If the two lines intersect at the point 4
third quarter, and the remaining 11 points in the
( p, q ) , what is the value of p ⋅ q ? fourth quarter. What is the total number of points
the Lancers scored in the game?
A) −6
B) −3 A) 48
C) 3 B) 53
D) 6 C) 56
D) 60

6 8
Which of the following numbers is NOT a
Distance from Burbank
1 (miles)
solution to the inequality 2 − x ≤ 2 x + 7 ?
2
Helicopter −150t + 260

Plane −270t + 440

A) −2.5
B) −0.5 The expressions in the table above show the
C) 0.5 distance from Burbank to a helicopter and
a plane t hours after 10:00 AM. At what time
D) 2.5 will the helicopter and the plane be equidistant
from Burbank?

A) 11:00 AM
B) 11:15 AM
C) 11:30 AM
D) 11:45 AM

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 225
SAT Practice Test 2

11
Questions 9 and 10 refer to the following
information. P
A skier starts a downhill race course that is 1,800
meters long, and the finish line is 360 meters below
the start line. During the race, the skier averaged
a speed of 9 meters per second.
S T
2.4 1.3

9 Q R
3.6
Which of the following expressions gives the
skier’s elevation above the finish line t seconds In the figure above, segments ST and QR are
after she started the race?
parallel. What is the length of PT ?

A) 360 − 0.2t A) 2.6

B) 360 − 1.8t B) 3.0
C) 360 − 4.5t C) 3.4
D) 360 − 9t D) 3.8

10 12
How far is the skier from the finish line one minute At a certain concert, all tickets are equally priced.
after she started the race? A survey showed that decreasing the price of these
tickets by 10 percent would increase the number of
tickets sold by 20 percent. If each concert ticket is
A) 540 meters
discounted by 10 percent, what is the percent
B) 780 meters increase in the amount of money received from the
sale of tickets?
C) 1,020 meters
D) 1,260 meters A) 8%
B) 10%
C) 12%
D) 15%

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 226
Section 4

13 15

x− y = 5 1
x − y =y
y = (3 x + 1)( x − 2) 2
If ( x, y ) is a solution to the equation above and
How many ordered pairs ( x, y ) satisfy the system x
y ≠ 0 , what is the ratio ?
of equations shown above? y

A) 0 3
A) −
B) 1 2

C) 2 2
B) −
D) Infinitely many 3
2
C)
3
3
D)
2

14
In the xy - plane, the graph of function f has
x- intercepts at −3 , 0 , and 6 . Which of the
following could define f ? 16
Grape juice makes up 12% of brand A fruit
A) f ( x) = 2 x3 + 8 x 2 − 24 x punch and 20% of brand B fruit punch. If 10
ounces of brand A fruit punch are mixed with
B) f ( x) = 2 x3 − 8 x 2 − 24 x 15 ounces of brand B fruit punch, what percent
of the mixed punch is the grape juice?
C) f ( x) = 2 x3 + 6 x 2 − 36 x

D) f ( x) = 2 x3 − 6 x 2 − 36 x A) 14.2%
B) 15.4%
C) 16.8%
D) 20.6%

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 227
SAT Practice Test 2

19
Questions 17 and 18 refer to the following A weather balloon was launched for weather
information. forecast. At an elevation of 1,000 meters above the
sea level, the outside temperature recorded 12 C .
g As the balloon went up, the outside temperature
Metal Density of materials ( )
cm3 decreased linearly. At an elevation of 1,500 meters
aluminum 2.7 above the sea level, outside temperature recorded
8.6 C . If the temperature decreased at a constant
copper 9.0
rate as the balloon went up, which of the following
gold 19.3 models best describes temperature C at an
elevation h meters above the sea level?
iron 7.9
mercury 13.6
A) C =
−0.0136h + 25.6
silver 10.5
B) C =
−0.0272h + 15.2

The chart above shows approximations of the density C) C =

−0.0068h + 18.8
g
of metals, d , in grams per cubic centimeters ( 3 ) D) C =
−0.0034h + 15.4
cm
for six metals. The mass of an object can be found
by using the formula m= d ⋅ V , in which m is the
mass of a metal measured in grams and V is the
volume of a metal measured in cm3 .

17
What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of an
aluminum with a mass of 5.4 kilograms? 20
( 1 kiligram=1,000 grams )
In a right triangle, one angle measures x , for
7
A) 1,450 which cos x = . What is cos(90 − x ) ?
4
B) 2,000
C) 14,500 3
A)
D) 20,000 4
1
B)
2
18
7
C)
Which of the following metals with 630 grams 4
of mass has approximately the same volume as
gold with a mass of 1350 grams? 3
D)
4
A) 630 grams of mercury
B) 630 grams of silver
C) 630 grams of copper
D) 630 grams of iron

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 228
Section 4

22
Questions 21 and 22 refer to the following Which of the following is true about the two lists
information. shown for the 30 numbers?
List A and List B each contains 30 numbers.
Frequency distributions for each list are recorded A) The standard deviation of the numbers in
in the histograms below. list A is larger.

Frequency Distribution for List A B) The standard deviation of the numbers in

list B is larger.
10
Frequency

C) The standard deviation of the numbers in

8
list A is the same as that of list B .
6
D) The standard deviation of the numbers in
4 the two lists cannot be determined.
2

1 2 3 4 5 6

Number

Frequency Distribution for List B

10
Frequency

8
6
4 23
2
y =2( x − a )( x − b)
7 8 9 10 11 12

Number In the quadratic equation above, a and b are

positive constants, with a > b . If the graph of
The average (arithmetic mean) of the numbers the equation in the xy - plane is a parabola with
in list A is 3.7, and the average of the numbers vertex (6, −18) , what is the value of a ?
in list B is 10.1. List C contains 60 numbers:
the 30 numbers of list A and the 30 numbers
of list B . A) 3
B) 6
21 C) 9
Let M be the average and m be the median of D) 12
the 60 numbers in list C . Which of the following
relationships between M and m must be true?

A) M > m
B) M < m
C) M = m
D) The relationships between M and m cannot
be determined.

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SAT Practice Test 2

24 26
If an event can succeed in S ways and fail
in F ways, the probability of success P is 2 x + y ≥ −1

S 2x − 3y < 3
given as P = . Which of the following
S+F
expresses S in terms of the other variables? y

section B
F
A) S =
P −1
x
F O
B) S = section C
1− P
section A
PF
C) S =
P −1 section D

PF
D) S = A system of inequalities and a graph are shown
1− P above. Which section or sections of the graph
could represent all of the solutions to the system?

A) Section A
B) Section B
C) Section C
25
D) Section D
n k

y


P

m
x

In the figure above, lines k ,  , and n intersect

at point P . If   m and  ⊥ n , which of the
following is true?

A) x = 2 y

B) x − y =
90

C) x + y =
90

D) 180 − x =y

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 230
Section 4

27 28

y Ratings
1 2 3 Total

16 Group A 10 21 29 60
(0, )
3 Group B 5 28 27 60
Total 15 49 56 120

x The table above shows the number of people

O (2,0) (8,0)
in two groups who rated a bestseller on a scale
of 1 to 3.
V ( h, k )
If a person is chosen at random from those who
gave a rating of at least 2, what is the probability
The xy - plane above shows two x- intercepts, that the person belongs to Group B ?
a y - intercept, and vertex V of a parabola. Which
of the following must be the coordinates of the 49
vertex of the parabola? A)
105

A) V (5, −3) 50
B)
105
10
B) V (5, − ) 55
3 C)
105
8
C) V (5, − ) 56
3 D)
105
D) V (5, −2)

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 231
SAT Practice Test 2

29 30
Printer A , working alone at a constant rate, prints
y
100 pages of documents in m minutes. Printer B,
working alone at a constant rate, prints 100 pages
of documents in n minutes. If printers A and B, P
working together at their respective constant rates, θ
printed p pages of documents in 1 hour, which of x
O Q
the following equations describes p in terms of m
and n ?

m n 1
A) ( + ) =
p
100 100 60 In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the
1 circle, and the measure of ∠POQ is θ . If
B) (100m + 100n) =
p
60 a
sin θ = , what is sin(2π − θ ) ?
C) (100m + 100n)60 =
p r

100 100
D) ( + )60 =
p r 2 − a2
m n A)
r

r 2 − a2
B) −
r
a
C) −
r
a
D)
r

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 232

4 4

5
DIRECTIONS Answer:
12 Answer: 3.25
For questions 31-38, solve the problem and Write
enter your answer in the grid as described answer 5 / 1 2 3 . 25
below, on the answer sheet. in boxes. / / Fraction / /
line
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point
1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
you write your answer in the boxes at the top
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles
Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the
circles are filled in correctly. result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column.
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
3. No question has a negative answer. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
4. Some problems may have more than one 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
answer.
2
1 Acceptable ways to grid are:
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 must be gridded 3
2
as 3.5 or 7 / 2 . (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the 2 / 3 . 6 66 . 6 67
/ / / / / / / /

31 1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
grid, it will be interpreted as not 3 .) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
answer with more digits than the grid can
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accommodate, it may be either rounded or
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Answer: 212 - either position is correct.

NOTE: You
2 1 2 2 1 2 may start your
/ / / / answers in any
column, space
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ permitting.
0 0 0 0 0 0 Columns you
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 d o n ' t n e e d t o

use should be
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 left blank.

CONTINUE

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 233
SAT Practice Test 2

31 33
What is the value of r if the line that passes
ax − 9 y =
7
1
through (−5, 4) and (3, r ) has a slope of − ? bx − 4 y =
5
5

In the system of equations above, a and b are

constants and x and y are variables. If the system
of equations above has no solution, what is the
a
value of ?
b

32 34
At a farmers market, n pounds of avocados cost In a book store, hardcover copies of a certain book
$4.50. If Gloria paid 4n dollars for 8 pounds of are priced at $24 each and paperback copies of the
avocados, what is the value of n ? same book are priced at $13.50 each. Last week,
the total amount collected in the sales of the
hardcover and paperback copies was the same as
if every book sold had cost $15.60 each. If 300
hard cover copies were sold, what was the total
number of the books sold last week?

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 234
Section 4

35 37

If (ax − 1)(bx + 2)= cx 2 − x − 2 for all values

x 2 ( x + 2) = x 2 + 8 x + 12
of x , and a + b =
10 , what is the value of c ?
If x > 0 , what is the solution to the equation
above?

36 38
The purchase price of a car is $24,000, and the
value of the car decreases by 15 percent per year.
The value V , in dollars, t years after the car is 6m
purchased is given by the function V = 24, 000( x) . t

What is the value, in dollars, of the car 10 years

after it is purchased? (Round your answer to
the nearest dollar and ignore the dollar sign when 12 m
gridding your answer.)

A grain silo of a barn consists of a right circular

cylinder capped by a right circular cone. The
heights of the cylinder and cone are represented
by the figure above. If the volume of the grain silo
is 224π cubic meters, what is the diameter of the
silo, in meters?

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 235
Answers and Explanations

Answer Key 3. C
2 2
SAT Practice Test 2 – No Calculator The slope of the line =
y x + 2 is .
3 3
The equation in each answer choice is written
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D
in standard form. Change the equations in each
6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B
answer choice to slope-intercept form.
11. D 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B
16. 4 17. 8 18. 10 19. 6 20. 6.5 2 5
5 ⇒ y=
A) 2 x + 3 y = − x+
3 3
SAT Practice Test 2 – Calculator 3 9
9 ⇒ y=
B) 3 x + 2 y = − x+
2 2
1. B 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. A
6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D 2 1
3 ⇒=
C) 4 x − 6 y = y x−
11. A 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D 3 2
16. C 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. D 2
21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B The equation in choice C has slope .
3
26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C
12 9
31. or 2.4 32. 3 33. or 2.25 34. 1500 4. A
5 4
3( a + b )
2
35. 21 36. 4725 37. 3 38. 8
3( a −b )
2

am
= 3( a + b ) − ( a −b )2
2
= am−n
an
= 3( a + 2 ab + b ) − ( a 2 − 2 ab + b2 )
2 2
Answers and Explanations FOIL
= 34 ab Simplify.
SAT Practice Test 2 – No Calculator
3( a + b )
2

Therefore, = 3= 4 ab
243 . Since 243 = 35 ,
1. C ( a −b )2
3
Pick two points from the table to find the slope 5
we can conclude 4ab = 5 , so ab = .
of f . Let’s use (−1,9) and (1,3) . 4
3−9
Slope = = −3 5. D
1 − (−1)
Only choice C has a line with slope −3 .

2. B 34% 34%
2% 2%
Check each answer choice to find if the ordered 14% 14%
pairs satisfy the given inequalities, y > x − 4 m − 2d m−d m m+d m + 2d
and x + y < 5 .
The mean value of 500 homes in a county is
A) (0, −5) If x = 0 and y = −5 , $225,000 and the standard deviation is $25,000.
−5 > 0 − 4 is not true Since m = $225, 000 and d = 25, 000 ,
Discard choice A. =
m − d $225, 000 − $25,
= 000 $200, 000 ,
B) (0, 2) If x = 0 and y = 2 , m= − 2d $225, 000 − 2 × $25,
= 000 $175, 000 ,
2 > 0 − 4 is true and =m + d $225, 000 + $25,
= 000 $250, 000 .
0 + 2 < 5 is also true.
Reading the graph, 14% + 34% + 34% , or
Since (0, 2) satisfy both inequalities, 82%, of the 500 homes are priced between
choice B is correct. $175,000=( m − 2d ) and $225,000=( m + d ) .
Therefore, there are 0.82 × 500 , or 410 homes.

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Section 4

6. B 11. D
A number p increased by 120 percent is Total amount collected from the automobile sales
p + 1.2 p =
2.2 p . in August is 262 × $21, 000 =$5,502, 000 .
A number q decreased by 20 percent is The tax is 8 percent of $5,502,000, which is
q − 0.2q = 0.8q . 0.08 × $5,502, 000 , or $440,160.
Therefore, 2.2 p = 0.8q . Solving the equation Choice D is correct.
2.2 22 11
=
for q yields, q = p = p p. 12. B
0.8 8 4
3−i 3
7. D 1− i 3
Since the total number of bags is 8, c + r = 8.
(3 − i 3)(1 + i 3)
Each bag of Columbia Coffee costs $25. So = Rationalize the denominator.
25 × c is the total cost for Columbia Coffee. (1 − i 3)(1 + i 3)
Each bag of Roast Espresso costs $35. So 35 × r
is the total cost for Roast Espresso. If Kay paid 3 + 3 3i − 3i − 3i 2
= FOIL
$230 for the coffee and espresso, the equation 1 − 3i 2
25 × c + 35 × r = 230 is true.
3 + 2 3i + 3
= Simplify. i 2 = −1
Choice D is correct. 1+ 3
6 + 2 3i
8. A = Simplify.
4
h( x ) =
− px 2 + 1 3 3
= + i
h(2) =− p (2) 2 + 1 =−1 h(2) = −1 2 2
−4 p + 1 =−1 Simplify. 3
Therefore, b = .
1 2
−4 p = −2 ⇒ p =
2
1 13. C
Therefore, h( x) =
− x2 + 1 .
2
1 1 1 1 7 d
Since p = , h( p ) =h( ) =− ( ) 2 + 1 = . width
2 2 2 2 8 
x
9. C length

The mean of the prices of the 670 automobiles adjacent length

sold in April and May is cos x
= =
hypotenuse d
275 × $19,500 + 395 × $20, 000
275 + 395 ⇒ length = d cos x
$13, 262,500
= ≈ $19, 794.78 . sin x
= =
opposite width
670 hypotenuse d
The average is closest to $19,800.
Choice C is correct. ⇒ width = d sin x
Area of rectangle
10. B = length × width
Percent increase of the mean price of automobiles = d cos x × d sin x = d 2 cos x sin x
sold from May to June is
amount of increase 21,500 − 20, 000 14. D
=
price in May 20, 000 7 x ⋅ x7 7 x x7
1500 = ⋅ Rearrange.
= = 0.075
= 7.5% 77 ⋅ x x 77 x x
20, 000

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 237
Answers and Explanations

am n − 9 =−4n + 16 Simplify.
= 7( x − 7) ⋅ x (7 − x ) = am−n 5n − 9 =16 Add 4n to each side.
an
= 7( x − 7) ⋅ x − ( x − 7) 7 − x =−( x − 7) 5n = 25 Add 9 to each side.

1 n=5 Divide each side by 5.

1
= 7( x − 7) ⋅ ( x − 7) a−m =
x am Therefore, 9 − n = 9 − 5 = 4 .
( x − 7)
7
= Simplify.
x ( x − 7) 17. 8
7 (3ab 2 )(2a 2 b)3
= ( )( x − 7)
x 8a 2 b 2
(3ab 2 )(8a 6 b3 )
15. B = ( a m ) n = a m⋅n
y 8a 2 b 2
y = f ( x)
24a 7 b5
= 2 2
am+n
am ⋅ an =
8a b
am
= 3a 5b3 = am−n
1 an
x
O 1 If 3a 5b3 = 3a m b n , the m = 5 and n = 3 .
Therefore, m + n = 5 + 3 = 8 .

18. 10
3x + 2 y = 24 1st equation
I. A function f is increasing on an interval
−2 x + 3 y = 10 2nd equation
if the value of f increases as x increases Multiply each side of the first equation by 2 and
on the interval. A function f is decreasing multiply each side of the second equation by 3.
on an interval if the value of f increases as Then add the two equations.
2(3 x + 2 y = 24) ⇒ 6x + 4 y = 48
x decreases on the interval. A function f
is not increasing or decreasing on an interval 3(−2 x + 3 y = 10) ⇒ + −6 x + 9 y =30
if the graph of f is a horizontal line. For 13 y = 78
−1 < x < 0 , f is strictly increasing and for Solving 13 y = 78 yields y = 6 .
0 < x < 3 , f is strictly decreasing. Therefore, Substituting 6 for y in the equation
f is strictly increasing then strictly decreasing 3x + 2 y = 24 yields 3 x + 2(6) =24 .
for −1 < x < 3 . Solving the equation for x gives x = 4 .
So, x + y = 4 + 6 = 10 .
Statement I is true.
19. 6
II. The value of f is 2 when the x- coordinate
3 3 x f ( x) g ( x)
on the graph is − . Therefore, f (− ) =
2.
2 2 −1 −3 −2
Statement II is true.
2 3 1

III. The value of f at x = 0 is 3. 3 5 6

The value of f at x = 5 is 5.
Reading the table, when x = 2 , f ( x) = 3 .
Therefore, f is maximum at x = 5 .
So, f (2) = 3 .
Statement III is not true. g ( f (2)) = g (3)
When x = 3 , g ( x) = 6
16. 4 = g=
Therefore, g ( f (2)) (3) 6 .
n − 9 =−n + 16 − 3n

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 238
Section 4

20. 6.5 3. D
Q 11 + 5 x = kx − 3( x − 4)
11 + 5 x = kx − 3 x + 12
11 + 5 x − 11 = kx − 3 x + 12 − 11
O 50 P 5 x = kx − 3 x + 1
5 x − kx + 3 x = kx − 3 x + 1 − kx + 3 x
8 x − kx = 1
R (8 − k ) x =1
If a line is tangent to a circle, then the line is 1
x=
perpendicular to the radius at the point of tangency. 8−k
Thus, PQ ⊥ OQ and PR ⊥ OR , or m∠PQO = 90 The equation is undefined if the denominator
and m∠PRO = 90 . of x =
1
is equal to zero. Therefore, the
Since the sum of the measures of the interior 8−k
angles of quadrilateral is 360, value of k for which the linear equation has
m∠P + m∠PQO + m∠QOR + m∠PRO = 360 . no solution is 8.
50 + 90 + m∠QOR + 90 = 360 Substitution 4. C
230 + m∠QOR = 360 Simplify.
First, solve the equation 2 − x =−3 .
m∠QOR = 130
Solving the equation gives x = 5 .

Length of the minor arc QR So, f (−3)= f (2 − 5)= 3(5) − 5= 10 .
m∠QOR
= 2π r × 5. A
360
9 130
= 2π ( ) × r=
9
, m∠QOR =
130
=
y mx + b Slope-Intercept Form
π 360 π 1 1
= 6.5 =
y x+b m=
3 3
1
−=
1 (6) + b (6, −1) is on the graph.
SAT Practice Test 2 – Calculator 3
−3 =b
1. B 1
Thus equation of the line that has slope and
1 3
(18 − n) = +3
n
  1

2
the difference of sum of the contains the point (6, −1) is =
y x−3 .
half 18 and a number number and 3 3
1 0 −1
2 ⋅ (18 − n) =2 ⋅ (n + 3) Multiply each side by 2. The slope of the second line is , or −1 .
2 1− 0
18 − n = 2n + 6 Distributive Property The equation of the second line is
18 − 3n = 6 Subtract 2n . y − 1 =−1( x − 0) , or y =− x + 1 .
−3n = −12 Subtract 18 . Substitute − x + 1 for y in the equation
n=4 Divide each side by −3 . 1
=
y x−3 .
2. D 3
1 4 4
0.14 x = 2.8 − x + 1= x − 3 ⇒= 1 x −3 ⇒ 4 = x
0.14 x 2.8 3 3 3
= Divide each side by 0.14. ⇒ 3= x
0.14 0.14
Substitute 3 for x in the equation y =− x + 1 ,
x = 20 Simplify.
to solve for y . So, y =−(3) + 1 =−2 .
1 1
= = 0.05 The point of intersection is (3, −2) .
x 20
Therefore, p = 3 and q = −2, so
p ⋅ q = 3 × −2 = −6 .

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 239
Answers and Explanations

6. A 9. B
1 Since the skier’s average speed is 9 meters per
2− x ≤ 2x + 7 second, her distance from the start line will be
2
9t meters, t seconds after she started the race.
1
2 − x − 2x ≤ 2x + 7 − 2x Subtract 2x . Since the elevation drops 360 meters for 1800
2 meters along the slope, it follows that for 9t
5
2− x ≤ 7 Simplify. meters along the slope, the elevation drops
2 360
5 9t × , or 1.8t meters. Therefore, the skier’s
2− x−2 ≤ 7−2 Subtract 2 . 1800
2 elevation above the finish line t seconds after
5
− x≤5 Simplify.
she started the race is 360 − 1.8t meters.
2
2 5 2 Multiply each side by
− (− x) ≥ − (5) 2 10. D
5 2 5 − and change ≤ to ≥ .
5 Her speed is 9 meters per second. One minute, or
x ≥ −2 60 seconds after she started the race, her distance
from the start line will be 9 × 60 , or 540 meters.
Therefore, −2.5 is the only number in the answer
Therefore, she is 1,800 − 540 , or 1,260 meters,
choices which is not the solution to the inequality.
from the finish line.
7. C
11. A
Let n = the total number of points the Lancers
scored. P
Adding all the points scored in the first quarter,
second quarter, third quarter, and the fourth quarter,
the total score must equal n .
S T
2 1
n =15 + n + n + 11 2.4 1.3
7 4
Q R
15 3.6
=n 26 + n Simplify.
28 Since segments ST and QR are parallel,
15 15 15 15 the following proportion is true.
n − n =26 + n − n Subtract n.
28 28 28 28 PT PR
=
13 ST QR
n = 26 Simplify.
28 Let PT = x , then PR =PT + TR =x + 1.3 .
28 28 Substitute x for PT and x + 1.3 for PR , in the
=n 26 ⋅ Multiply each side by . proportion.
13 13
n = 56 x x + 1.3
= ST = 2.4 and QR = 3.6
2.4 3.6
8. C =
3.6 x 2.4( x + 1.3) Cross Products
If the helicopter and the plane is equidistant from =
3.6 x 2.4 x + 3.12 Distributive Property
Burbank, then −150t + 260 = −270t + 440 . 1.2 x = 3.12 Subtract 2.4x from each side.
3.12
⇒ −150t + 260 + 270t = −270t + 440 + 270t =x = 2.6
1.2
⇒ 120t + 260 = 440
⇒ 120t + 260 − 260 = 440 − 260 Therefore, the length of PT is 2.6.
⇒ 120t = 180
⇒ t = 1.5 12. A

The helicopter and the plane will be equidistant Let n = the number of tickets sold at regular
from Burbank 1.5 hours after 10:00 AM, or at price. Let p = the regular price of the tickets.
11:30AM. Then let np = the total amount received from
the sale of tickets at regular price.

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 240
Section 4

If the price of tickets decreases by 10%, the new 3

price of the tickets will be p − 0.1 p , or 0.9 p . x= y Simplify.
2
If the number of tickets sold increases by 20%, 3
the new number sold will be n + 0.2n , or 1.2n . y
x 2
The amount of money received from the sale of = Divide each side by y .
y y
tickets at the discounted price is
0.9 p × 1.2n = x 3
1.08np . = Simplify.
The total amount is increased by 8 percent. y 2

13. B 16. C
x− y = 5 ⇒ y= x − 5 Grape juice makes up 12% of brand A fruit
Substitute x − 5 for y in the equation punch and 20% of brand B fruit punch. Thus,
10 ounces of brand A fruit punch contain
y = (3 x + 1)( x − 2) . 0.12 × 10 , or 1.2 ounces of grape juice, and 15
x − 5= (3 x + 1)( x − 2) Substitution ounces of brand B fruit punch contain 0.2 × 15 ,
or 3 ounces of grape juice. The percent of grape
x − 5= 3 x 2 − 5 x − 2 FOIL juice in the mixed punch is
3x 2 − 6 x + 3 =0 Make one side 0. amount of grape juice 1.2 + 3
= = 0.168 .
3( x − 2 x + 1) =
2
0 Factor. total amount 10 + 15
3( x − 1) =
2
0 Factor. There is 16.8% of grape juice in the mixed punch.
x − 1 =0
x =1 17. B
y =x − 5 =1 − 5 =−4 Substitution

The ordered pair (1, −4) satisfies the system g

Metal Density of materials ( )
cm3
of equations. There is only one ordered pair
that satisfies the given system of equations. aluminum 2.7
copper 9.0
14. D
gold 19.3
If a function f has x- intercepts at −3 , 0 ,
and 6 , then ( x + 6) , x , and ( x − 6) must each be iron 7.9

a factor of f . Therefore, f ( x) can be written as mercury 13.6

f ( x) = ax( x + 3)( x − 6) , in which a is a constant. silver 10.5

f ( x=
) ax( x 2 − 3 x − 18) FOIL
The density of aluminum is 2.7 g / cm3 .
f ( x) = a ( x − 3 x − 18 x)
3 2
Distributive Property
m= d ⋅ V
Since the leading coefficient is 2 in each answer 5400= 2.7 × V = =
m 5.4 kg 5400 g
choice, substitute 2 for a in the above polynomial 5400
=V
equation. 2.7
2, 000 = V
f ( x) = 2( x3 − 3 x 2 − 18 x) a=2
f ( x) = 2 x − 6 x − 36 x
3 2
Distributive Property 18. C
m
Choice D is correct. m= d ⋅ V ⇒ V =
d
15. D The density of gold is 19.3 g / cm3 , so the volume
1 of gold with a mass of 1350 grams is
x − y =y
2
m 1350
1 V= = ≈ 69.9 cm3 .
x − y + y= y+ y Add y to each side. d 19.3
2

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 241
Answers and Explanations

Check each answer choice to find which metal with Pythagorean Theorem can be used to find the
630 grams of mass has approximately the same length of BC .
volume as gold with a mass of 1350 grams. BC 2 + AC 2 = AB 2 Pythagorean Theorem
A) 630 grams of mercury BC 2 + ( 7) 2 =42 Substitution
m 630
V= = ≈ 46.3 cm3 BC + 7 =
16 2
d 13.6
BC = 9
2

B) 630 grams of silver BC = 3

m 630
V= = ≈ 60 cm3 In a right triangle, the acute angles are
d 10.5 complementary. Therefore, m∠A + m∠B = 90 .
C) 630 grams of copper x + m∠B =90 Substitution
m 630 m∠B = 90 − x
V= = ≈ 70 cm3 BC 3
d 9.0 cos ∠B= cos(90 − x)= =
So, 630 grams of copper has approximately AB 4
the same volume as gold with a mass of
1350 grams. 21. A
Frequency Distribution for List A
19. C
10

Frequency
The slope of a line is the ratio of the change in 8
one quantity to the change in another quantity.
6
In this question, elevation is the independent
variable and the temperature is the dependent 4
variable. Thus the rate of change in temperature 2
change in temperature change in C
is = 1 2 3 4 5 6
change in elevation change in h
Number
8.6 − 12
= = −0.0068 C/meters .
1500 − 1000 Frequency Distribution for List B
The point-slope form of the equation of the line 10
Frequency

that contains (1000,12) with slope −0.0068 is 8

C − 12 = −0.0068(h − 1000) . 6
C − 12 = −0.0068h + 6.8 Distributive Property 4
C= −0.0068h + 18.8 2

20. D 7 8 9 10 11 12
Number
7
In a right triangle, if cos x = , the length of
4 Because list A and list B each contain the same
the hypotenuse is 4 and the side adjacent to the number of values, 30 numbers each, the average
angle x is 7 . Sketch a right triangle with of the numbers in list C is the average of the
hypotenuse 4 and a side adjacent to the angle x individual averages of the numbers in list A and
list B . Thus, the average of the numbers in list C
with length 7 . Let A, B, and C be the three
3.7 + 10.1
vertex of the triangle as shown in the figure below. is M = , or M = 6.9 .
2
B The median of 60 numbers in list C is the average
of two middle numbers because there are even
4 number of value in list C . The two middle
numbers in list C are 6 and 7. The median is
6+7
x m= , or m = 6.5 . Thus, the average is greater
A C 2
7 than the median of the numbers.

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 242
Section 4

22. B PS + PF = S Simplify.
PS + PF − PS =S − PS Subtract PS .
The standard deviation is a measure of how far
the data set values are from the mean. In general, PF= S − PS Simplify.
when the measures are clustered close to the mean = S (1 − P)
PF Factor.
the standard deviation is small, and when the PF S (1 − P)
measures are widely spread apart the standard = Divide each side by 1 − P .
1− P 1− P
deviation is relatively large. In list A , the data PF
are closest to the mean. In list B , the data are =S Simplify.
more spread out, thus by observation, the standard 1− P
deviation of the numbers in list B is larger.
25. B
23. C n k
y =2( x − a )( x − b) y
In the quadratic equation, the x- coordinate of 
the vertex is the average of two x- intercepts. 2 P
The two x- intercepts of the given quadratic
1
a+b m
equation are a and b . Thus, 6 = . x 
2
a+b
2(6) = 2( ) Multiply each side by 2. x + m∠1 =180 Straight angle measures 180.
2
m∠= 1 180 − x Subtract x from each side.
12= a + b Simplify.
m∠1 = m∠2 If   m , Alternate Interior
12 − a = b Solve for b .
Angles are equal in measure.
Since the coordinate of the vertex is (6, −18) , m∠2= 180 − x Substitution: m∠1 = m∠2 .
you can substitute x = 6 and y = −18 in the m∠2 + 90 + y = 180 Straight angle measures 180.

given equation to find the value of a and b . 180 − x + 90 + y = 180 Substitution: m∠2= 180 − x .
270 − x + y = 180 Simplify.
−18 = 2(6 − a )(6 − b) x = 6 and y = −18 − x + y =−90 Subtract 270 from each side.
−9 = (6 − a )(6 − b) Divide each side by 2. (−1)(− x + y ) =−
( 1)(−90) Multiply each side by −1 .
Substitute 12 − a for b in the equation above. x− y = 90 Simplify.
−9 = (6 − a )(6 − (12 − a )) Substitution
−9 = (6 − a )(−6 + a ) Simplify. 26. B
−9 =−(6 − a )(6 − a ) −6 + a =−(6 − a ) 2 x + y ≥ −1
9= (6 − a )(6 − a ) Divide each side by −1 . 2x − 3y < 3
Select a point from each section, then test them on
9= (6 − a ) 2
the inequalities. Let’s use (3, 0) , (0,3) , (−3, 0) ,
±3 = (6 − a ) Square root each side.
and (0, −3) from each section as test points.
3= 6 − a or −3 = 6 − a
a = 3 or a = 9 2(3) + 0 ≥ −1 x = 3 , y = 0 is true.
If a = 3 , b = 12 − a = 12 − 3 = 9 . 2(3) − 3(0) < 3 x = 3 , y = 0 is false.
If a = 9 , b = 12 − a = 12 − 9 = 3 .
2(0) + 3 ≥ −1 x = 0 , y = 3 is true.
Since a > b , a = 9 and b = 3 .
2(0) − 3(3) < 3 x = 0 , y = 3 is true.
24. D Since x = 0 and y = 3 are true for both
S inequalities, section B represents all of the
P= solutions to the system.
S+F
Multiply each side by S + F .
S
(S + F ) P =(S + F )
S+F

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 243
Answers and Explanations

27. A 100
printer B prints pages in 1 minute.
In the quadratic equation, the x- coordinate of the n
vertex is the average of two x- intercepts. The In 1 hour, printers A and B working together
two x- intercepts of the given quadratic equation 100 100
will print ( ⋅ 60 + ⋅ 60) pages of document.
2+8 m n
are 2 and 8 . Thus,= h = 5.
2 If printers A and B working together printed
Since you know the x- coordinate of the vertex, p pages of documents in 1 hour, then you can
write the equation of the parabola in vertex 100 100
set up the equation ( ⋅ 60 + ⋅ 60) =p
form, y = a ( x − h) 2 + k . m n
y = a ( x − 5) 2 + k h=5 or (
100 100
+ )60 = p.
0 = a (2 − 5) + k
2
(2,0) is on the graph.
m n
=
0 9a + k Simplify. Choice D is correct.
16 16
= a (0 − 5) 2 + k (0, ) is on the graph. 30. C
3 3
y
16
= 25a + k Simplify.
3 P ( x, a )
r θ
16 a
= 25a + k x
3 O Q
− 0 = 9a + k Subtract. −θ
16 R ( x, − a )
= 16a
3
1
=a
Draw OR so that m∠QOR = m∠QOP = θ.
3 Since the measure of major arc QPR is 2π − θ ,
Substitute
1
= a in the equation =
0 9a + k . the measure of angle ∠QOR in a circle can
3 be expressed as −θ or 2π − θ . The sine of
1 1 y
=0 9( ) + k =a angle θ in a circle, by definition, is sin θ = .
3 3 r
0= 3 + k Simplify. a
Therefore, if sin θ = , the y - coordinate of point
−3 =k r
Therefore, the coordinates of the vertex is (5, −3) . P must be a . If the y - coordinate of point P is
a , then the y - coordinate of point R must be −a .
28. C
−a
= sin(2π − θ=
Thus, sin ∠QOR ) .
There are 49 + 56 , or 105 people who gave r
at least 2 for the rating. Out of these 28 + 27 ,
or 55, people belonged to Group B . 12
Therefore, if a person is chosen at random from 31. or 2.4
5
those who have given at least 2 for the rating, the
probability that the person belongs to Group B Use the slope formula.
55
is . 1 r−4 y2 − y1
105 − = m=
5 3 − (−5) x2 − x1

29. D 1 r−4
− = Simplify.
If printer A , working alone at a constant rate, 5 8
prints 100 pages of documents in m minutes, 5(r − 4) =−8 Cross Products
100 5r − 20 = −8 Distributive Property
printer A prints pages in 1 minute. 5r = 12 Add 20 to each side.
m
12
If printer B , working alone at a constant rate, r=
prints 100 pages of documents in n minutes 5

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab

 244
Section 4

32. 3 collected from the sale of x − 300 paperback

If n pounds of avocados cost $4.50 and 8 pounds copies is ( x − 300) × 13.5 dollars.
of avocados cost 4n dollars, you can set up the If the total amount collected in the sales of the
following proportion. hardcover and paperback copies was the same as
if every book sold had cost $15.60 each, then you
n pounds 8 pounds can set up the following equation.
=
4.5 dollars 4n dollars
300 × 24 + ( x − 300) × 13.5 = 15.6 x
n × 4n = 4.5 × 8 Cross Products
7200 + 13.5 x − 4050 = 15.6 x Distributive Property
4n 2 = 36 Simplify. 3150 + 13.5 x = 15.6 x Simplify.
n2 = 9 Divide each side by 9. 3150 = 2.1x Subtract 13.5x .
n= ± 9= ±3 Square root each side. 3150 2.1x
= Divide by 2.1.
Since the number of pounds is positive, n = 3 . 2.1 2.1
1500 = x
9 The total number of the books sold last week is
33. or 2.25
4 1,500.
ax − 9 y =
7 First equation
35. 21
bx − 4 y =
5 Second equation
(ax − 1)(bx + 2)= cx 2 − x − 2
a 7
=
y x− 1st equation in slope-intercept form ⇒ abx 2 + (2a − b) x − 2= cx 2 − x − 2
9 9
The coefficient of x 2 and the coefficient of x
b 5
=
y x− 2nd equation in slope-intercept form have to be equal on both sides of the equation
4 4 to make the polynomial true.
If two linear equations have the same slope and
Thus, ab = c and 2a − b =−1 .
have different y - intercepts, then the system of Add the given equations a + b =
10 and
equations have no solution. 2a − b =−1 .
a b a+b =
Therefore, if = , the system of equations will 10
9 4 + 2a − b =−1
have no solution. 3a = 9
4a = 9b Cross Products
Solving for a yields a = 3 .
4a 9b Substituting a = 3 in a + b =10 gives b = 7 .
= Divide each side by b .
b b
Therefore, c = ab = 3 ⋅ 7 = 21 .
a
4 =9 Simplify.
b 36. 4725
1 a 1 1
⋅ 4 = ⋅9 Multiply each side by . Since the value of the car decreases by 15% per
4 b 4 4
year, the initial value of the car must be multiplied
a 9 by a factor of (1 − 0.15) , or 0.85. If the value of
= Simplify.
b 4 the car is $24,000 this year, it will be
a 9 $24, 000(0.85) one year later,
The value of is .
b 4 $24, 000(0.85)(0.85) two years later,
$24, 000(0.85)(0.85)(0.85) three years later,
34. 1500
and so on. After ten years, the value of the car
Let x = the total number of books sold, then let =
will be V 24, 000(0.85)10 ≈ 4724.98 .
x − 300 = the number of paperback copies sold.
If every book sold had cost $15.60 each, the dollar To the nearest dollar, the value of the car will be
amount collected will be 15.6x . The amount of 4725 dollars.
dollars collected from the sale of 300 hardcover
copies is 300 × 24 and the amount of dollars

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 245
Answers and Explanations

37. 3

x 2 ( x + 2) = x 2 + 8 x + 12
x 2 ( x + 2) = ( x + 2)( x + 6) Factor.
x ( x + 2) − ( x + 2)( x + 6) =
2
0 Make one side 0.
( x + 2)( x 2 − ( x + 6)) =
0 Distributive Property
( x + 2)( x − x − 6) =
2
0 Simplify.
( x + 2)( x + 2)( x − 3) =
0 Factor.
( x + 2) ( x − 3) =
2
0 Simplify.
x = −2 or x = 3 Zero Product Property

Since x > 0 , the solution to the equation is 3.

38. 8

6m

12 m

Let r be the radius of the circular cylinder

and circular cone.
The volume of the grain silo is the sum of the
volume of the cylinder and the volume of the cone.
Since the volume of the grain silo is given as 224π
1
cubic meters, V =π r 2 (12) + π r 2 (6) =224π .
3
π (12r 2 + 2r 2 ) =
224π
12r 2 + 2r 2 =224
14r 2 = 224
224
=
r 2 = 16
14
r= ± 16 = ±4
The radius of the silo is 4 meters, thus the diameter
of the silo is 2 × 4 , or 8 meters.

Ultimate Prep With faisal Aftab