Ministry of high education and scientific research
Sulaimani Polytechnic University (SPU)
Halabja Technical Institute (HTI)
Medical Laboratory Technic Department (MLT)
Laboratory technique and instrumentation
1st semester/first stage
2023 – 2024
Lecture 1: Introduction to Laboratory Technique
Lecturer: Syamand Ahmed Qadir
12/11/2023 [email protected]
Medical laboratory science
Medical laboratory science: is a complex field to perform a
variety of medical analyses in a medical laboratory, analyses
and examinations for health services; including Microbiology,
Haematology, Clinical Chemistry, Urinalysis, Immunology,
Serology, Histopathology, Molecular biology and others.
Medical laboratory technology: is a basic course that equips
the student with the most essential knowledge and skill
pertaining to medical laboratories such as:
• Importance of laboratory services.
• Role of medical laboratory technologist.
• Use of laboratory instruments and sterilization techniques.
• Prevention and control of laboratory accidents.
Role of Medical laboratory scientist
• Sample collection
• Process the sample (prepare, identify and analysis) very
precisely
• Deliver the report result to the general practitioner
accurately
Moreover, this course is extremely important for the student as
it paves the ways to easily understand various professional
course about those techniques and instruments are used by
MLS students such as (Hematology, Bacteriology, Urinalysis,
Parasitology and Histopathology)
Medical laboratory
Medical laboratory is one part of the laboratory that is
equipped with various biomedical instruments, equipment,
materials and reagents (chemicals) for performing different
laboratory investigative activities by using biological
specimens (whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, stool, etc).
Classification of medical laboratories
1. laboratory level I : is the simplest kind and adequate for
work with organisms which have low risk to the individual
laboratory personnel as well as to the members of the
community.
These organisms are unlikely to cause human diseases.
Example, food spoilage bacteria, common molds and yeasts.
2. laboratory level II : Is suitable for work with organisms
that predispose to moderate risk to the laboratory worker and a
limited risk to the members of the community. They can cause
human diseases but not serious hazards.
Example, staphylococci, streptococci, entero bacteria except
Salmonella typhi and others.
3. Containment laboratory (Level III) : Is more advanced
and it is used for work with infectious organisms that present
a high risk to the laboratory personnel but a lower risk to the
community.
Example, Tubercle bacilli, Salmonella typhi, HIV, Yersinia
and
others.
4. Maximum containment laboratory: is intended for work
with viruses, which predispose to a high risk for both
laboratory personnel and the community.
Example, SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19), Small pox, Ebola, Lassa
fever and others.
COMMON TYPES OF LABS
1. Diagnostic Laboratory
2. Hospital Laboratory
3. National laboratories
4. Clinical Laboratory
5. Research and university laboratories
1. DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY
Diagnostic laboratories primarily run tests on clinical specimens
such as urine, blood and chemical tests.
Health professionals complete such tests to gain patient health
information regarding disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
2. HOSPITAL LABORATORIES
Similar to diagnostic laboratories, hospital laboratories primarily
run tests on clinical specimens to gain information regarding
patient health. Such information typically pertains to diagnosis and
treatment. The main differences between the two laboratories
are that hospital labs connect to a hospital and sometimes
perform emergency work.
3. NATIONAL LABORATORIES
Research focuses on science that involves completing tests that are
either qualitative or quantitative. Responsibilities of such labs
include undertaking various energy-related national projects such
as the nation’s nuclear weapons program or the Human Genome
Project.
4. CLINICAL LABORATORIES
Clinical laboratories undertake several lab procedures to help
physicians diagnose, treat, and manage patients. Typically, these
healthcare facilities have units that pertain to subjects such as
Microbiology, Tissue, Genetics, Hematology, Virology,
Serology and Toxicology.
5. RESEARCH LABORATORIES
Research and university laboratories focus on either scientific
research or research in the humanities. Often, university
laboratories will include research labs as well as teaching labs
where student demonstrations and classroom practices take place.
Contents of laboratory technique
Hematology : Is the study of blood in health and in
disease.
Microbiology : Is the study of microorganisms
Bacteriology : Is the study of bacteria
Parasitology : Is the study of parasites
Mycology : Is the study of fungi
Parasitology : Is the study of parasites
Virology : Is the study of viruses
Urinalysis : Is the study of urine and its constituents
(microscopic and chemical)
Thanks for your attention
Questions Are Welcome
12 - 11 - 2023
