/ efanction -
a fancionf is a tale which avigns to eoch iMput ‘, :
a anigue cabpul FC) |
4
>F RoR
Fis wal waked funckion 05 ‘eal umber .
gf)
Comain = rf xy are elated by yer) then the set
of allbuabie MpakS Ct-Valued) is Called domain
Range : the set of al! ollowabe outpak when X varies
over Ehe dormoin-
FRR
-fCx)
: : FOS depended
dependent
Graph of the fanckion fis real valued Function of a
Yeol voriabk then the graph of F in 4g -pone is
defined Eo be the graph of lye)
Example
cy FC)20. + 4:2
L
2er0 function
ci) ce dl
Oy: care ML ve lomain
como
cs
Rxfo 4 —snatareal demain
af f 38 fool Valued fanckon on real vorobte dofinad
with domain iS nok epocibied fer 2 3fCoioly
formala .
then iE 1S to be anderstand that
2 fon: x
| 3. FO)? JX
pe [om
~ Sind
g FO): Ot? Sy
rataral domain Se
R-Ssans t/a | O21 “te
{1 G01 ym]
SAG): JPext6 (extang (srt ge
* NeA30r3) ae a
Seer, XS
; ko » ae
; ginal. te os sie *
' eS
5 —
Pads. 4 Fig one one function tx : ae
X22 1A domain
x4 Cry af tet
SFCL) + Fra) x Vy Gy)
=> rg are tHe fanclions (Cx). 4
fog)Cx) = m
Cfogex) = (Cgcad) comain of f°" nama of
The comain of Cfog) is consist Prang - vitevereg
of all x in the domain of
for which 9¢) is domain of PX
™ Horizontol fine Lest »
Ca) = xe, goad: 1X the borizonlol Sine Cay)
XE C-2,00) WE Toy <0) droun should inkersel
ChogrCx) + FCgci) eompestion the groph only one
fanckion J
Bomoin fo, «) - Cz)
2443,
Gof C2) =gCFcxd)- gC3?+3)
ay Bers
Domain - C- 20,20) .
fImverse of o function.
Fgore tHo funckions .
Sach thal,
FC9Cx)-% , forall x in domain ofp .
ord 9 Cfcad) « x for all % in the
domain of F.
then the Sunckion
1S one -ore.
er Fv) ore inverse of one
another.
Ca) oo : i
| pexomple-
ye FCXD =x 7+ |
write iNVerse of y
y= ye
ee
m= y-|
f'C2)- ax -/
for O Cunction to be
inverktoble.
f Shoubl onc-one Konto
— should be bizection
Domain Cf") Range Cf)
- Ronge Cf) = Domoin(f") | m 40 Ss
A Limiling theorem +
. nener
PD 1 a
© Pony
Whal wil happen be fone bens Yo, 4
fois a Panchen and consider
W the oomain of f phen
Fox?
Qn he mode
Lywhen (¢ x), Near ko some real Number
Th FO) smear to L When x 16 Near Lo Oo Lhen
Lim f(x) ot,
ao "his catled Simb of
=>FCx>L when x79 the fonction)
= 5 €-fo,3) oGi2\>R
definitely, fx): 24%
>Fis nok gefine ak o x-4
stake %,Close Eo 1 then whok ill happen to FG) .
*X iS how close tor? Sl
; xis §clse tol,
MONS pehy 1) 2§ for §>o. =
same thing ,
J-§2xe2l+h. 1 26 Crs 148) S414 .
“3 |
eee #deleled neigh bauthoed
jn-t) -x-1<5 Fr
xe le§ ;
x<1,
eal lexi)
I-$<4-@ lion if Fx Yorming Close fo UhiCh me HuMmbesp
wo
wow F
sjasa. La that namber
pow C1096
and
fCx)3 2 te
2 yn"
foy=3 —al-;
«f $C2x) 15 Glose to 2
myer
aie
1eexy - 3) = lod :[a-4] <6
xo>L
x r0 general , § We can toke $>o0
mn general se Hill positively oliow de Fferent §, Soy bp
sto make FOX) close ko 3 ib is crough to mare § closety
ia
pefinition: Let f:0-—9R
O=(ac uC, b) be o function & LER . Ne oay dimit
of FC piso:
Bras + approches c if yonly if for Goch given SSan
ond for all x in the domain of f Cx #0), then aa
§ >0
such thak uhenever,
oelx -cl<$ pe FY: A
got
MPKES, Ire -ple &. S Tpeii a
Domplt:
rrvd- In| \\
Bod im lal
oe
for each G50
WFCxd -o/ 1x1 < &
when
|x-o | =8-€
for cach E>0
chose $>0
Such that ,
ozlx-cles then |fG)-t) <§
um f@) = bt
27045
\x-6l=$-€ |
#Lim (God-2 folwys f for eoch E>0, Hhere exists ,
10
$e0 soch that if Is-a}_$ with sta Hen [toy-tl<é,
EX Domain C43) UC3/7) .
fied Ln Loaded
123
for Coch given E>0 |
these S50 euch tat
if |x -3126 tO
weh leon-esplee .
ud
[pcx)+5| <€
Sj-axtltol Ze . P xlatrel = é a
op alo Na
js3l 2%
jasle SH -
cho? ‘S: Ef/s
i G5] + 2|x-3/ <7 .¢
Lim (Cx) Where
zat
aes ee reese
» et if Ya.
onda of oles, 1 Pe 49S lea ae
SmaI 2)
it
lwtles
IX)-2 | ef
* EYomplec paw f(y)
Seta all ie
Whe kz (a). f ar
\ ae a
for Ex» there caicts Sso,suchthat if Iya] 2$ jx4]
VO)-sfae .
lend -Sl 026
any bef
Lim FOI25 |
x!
AOE
¥
Properbreg'd n°. m #3
jOws. aa Ire. a8 (4B). 22 ,
ra eon Const is Me Fe ge)
Be £a)eK GO) bo fr defeney
S lected Cig Hoe!
— OFaYx ogi
Lim § 4) 20.,
Aso
— ® um FG)= f
3-¢
bin geadem .
és = Lit FO.) Lin Yo
8 Geoysgca>) oe » ke
ahem,
OBinFod3o) a Siey Foy dim go)
ee . pif bz,
F fos)"
pg 0)
Io
Oy
de
pier
Pe oe tN ItD™ = a +y3”
ajeR |
fina PG) = Sir Oo + JI Oph 4 +s i c |
sae »>C SAC ! f wae Gnd
* ne ‘
PAGO, CHACHA. => + 4anc”
= ple)
out. Ling yo
a lace
fea) * aa popes ic
- oe. er
RRS 2240 ‘
- 3 ep tak stew cach EO, thave ert a i |
Al acl ed) thy tc
Way. th] a &/,
“Mor Pay, thee onset 45
sith Fak pele S,
Ifex = ta |e €/,
WAG + [ty FO) 4 fO)-b |
= $E.9-1, | eff) |
= E/y4 eo €
Mle e .
eee” fork bond Sumit CL-H-L)
Lim Fox): 2.
x90
iff for each €>0 , there
Cxists O>0
sach that of 2<%<2C
od-alee
f)>4
TSC, tee.
_Reght bond Simik Came)
eb
{ coch E>0 the
As fro be
exect$
&
Fx): i 340
° - o fo =f he
ee Brn feat Cite gh]
pac ——
sor
lier atoms
oO aa} se CEG HEME Neondidch Uromy
“ppeG Fah are Fonckion whose demain include Cc)
bor oecebs ¥ FG)290)2hG) for _*
all £€ (ec)
m0 300+ =k Crea)
then
in, Sx Fey
yee
ae
fos) = lalonx
dirs FOS ?
wa0
-le Sind 4 |
“el stl Sun ela]. Fe —
fode4
pls
eae Ha)>0 vere
so
om eee
1 ie age =
*
fis” en acer . Produced . EE —
a Abeba Conkimeus &
¥ FS Conkinnciys on [a.b]eR +4 mol ; mt A 0 beg
g are Conkinuc..
GF i® defined 7 en c, ftg
CFLS right conlinens ala
Enbinuous ab ¢
Lim Fer) Tea) “fg 15 conbinuous abe
Cah ig Left Conbinvous ab b > ‘lq i& Conkinuous ab,
; Liew For): Fob) iF 30540
Ci) Fis Continuoason Co,b) rest go 0. 3'S aig
jie Poink of discentnily
fod ft Fampe
Natural domain’ [2,2] PCX)= 05 ta, Xta,Y;,
TS Fis continucus of [-2,2]? a
n “FOX -Bo
| Fin f-0 2fG2) FO D=¥
i mS :
fim Fx) -02fC2). se = me bate)
x02) a
cec-2.2) - » retatent
n
. Onc
Gin £Cx)= Sim Jus? ‘ at”
Bese. XC ~PCo) |
eit > tC). Conkinuous on R .
fF is Continaous on [2,2].
+ Algebro of continuous function .--
«sf F Kg ore C#onkinucus at o '
PoinE Cc,
Definikion:
F is continwousakec if for cach
E>o ,there exists a §$>0 tech
that sf
|x-clams then
VFO -FCO) ee "2901 @10+)- bons
iG
0 cer Sind
i ' Cost ANseolinud
po, FO*?* Fe? Giese .
WoT
for each €>0 Fo find § LeConns Wo Is
guthihat iF |a-cle§ etl, £2, I defined
yen .
: ee ene Kinlermediale value thorn
a aq aS) | Fis continuous
: loins sere! function on [o.b], &.
r iS O& ¥Col Number
+ |acos(H#L) sin(4)| <€ ie
5 belueen Gor) KG )
Coohet » elk then there 7s atkost ore
ce fo,b] such thal
sloin |
ee
sine : Z
“FO +40FF Cb) Wigs Eee aRRYES PO tsttoly
S% ce Co, b). towards P .
Minn2 fim S-2
4 Example: eS
Shout trod all bbe »O 738
t(4)25 i east
C “PC5e)
Cay ds Gad CON) C0) ine .
cciichhitaht ane
am “! 324 7ea-
fs Cab» CR—*R iaglag a tk Te ae
and cece b) hen
aif ference: abe al
ro the funckion
di fferenkiabic ak 4-1
pe ; ahPCi
2 “
Lim FO)-FCe) exist shim Ched?. Gedeiors)
526 ~ hoo —- 2#I
, tet) Wea:
devvivative of Fatc. cae Mth Sh tl b
. Be =h?-|-3b th +l
#* x-c-h _ h
femis differenciable atc f chi betabts2h@
firy FEY“ Ra@ ois Bes
peeemen Fk exisk ¢
= fie bi2h+>
2f'Cc) « - pro
22
#3-C-h
fb iS differenciobt akxif grp Fis Cliffe venkiah le
Lim FOTO as ai c then FG) conbinuy
: ob Gp f
pale ;
f “) Miro FC YFCC) =
tolol ion. ze ;
ey. _ dim £C2)-F Cc)
ax aC er. -5 Cz-¢)
eh \ e
dim ficedCa e)
ee
E Piaac.- bags , ; P Ekcmnple
Fodely!
SF cootineasat Keo?
ie is Fis diff ata
he 60): Flo)
10 ¥-0
shi gett aay
0 xX
Ras
dim FCa)-Flo) : tim
ees o as
oN
/ fi es not _differertiahle al xo, any
#£CD =v, K is conbent
£'Cx)=0.
#£Q)2 x"
i$ P isdif ot x-C
Ps £(%+b)-FG)
Se
{im Carb”
N20 Part
-h
ti YS tne, x Oy encd
4 FCes ans
err (OUhS tory
TOA eal h
Live waCwth) ing)
hao , h ;
aces (thin
sfig PCT)
2 %
x2
0 oS cos(a+h)
~ Cosy
4 Algelion of etif ferential,
are dif bientiable
ale &¢ K'S Sona Const
OY s9) i¢ difference of y
and spre) #916)
ELS) is differen babe
ey gee oc
CKANGY = Flay :
n-}
Fae Sag a +? |
.-
4
2 mk Wed
2 fie Nex .B +NG> 0
h> - 40Cp4 th
ae
oy
2
+h y olflermof inthe
moo s also
nd argo) d
(trend?) qa)
tac fcr)
erat
on 1AM OYE)
ae ) “g Chen)
sch) \ Po when if Moh) # fla)
l fn). Flo)
gC to) iF Flashy Fea)
iS ¢ cenkinuor Sato .
im =9\Cta
Se gon) 3 Cfo)
*$O@)
After oCtcyihy)_ |
PEC) gays FOND
h A
Dev
bode | mnew
PAST 2,
ag x” :
oe
7)
oa os
=m a : :
6. ae ea
q> h
si
sls
p
i
g
ei?
f ais
co Peis)
find FC)
aacpiniad* st »
iffere®. toth cde with y
fm sin Csinta) ds (si0! vet
go
cm (Si a +). ave x) iL.
Sie! EE
alles.
ea a
¢ a i i aS iy
yoa FCs Sh
422 #Cx) Ase!
ainereoses
with out
a4 break |
defin; ern; Lio. se
lel SER Conhinuou § ond open interval Cavs) for Some ach
f:5——R be O function &
JER 80 dim FO d= f
if x only if ee to Gach E>o, tere
1S Some mso such thal iF esna
they lta)-Llee " Limb ak con ina ly
saa Jay
AS=c~ f(x) 1
% decyeases with ey f
any braan (x ,b)
Definite Fol
Jel SER combos Ke ope inlavo! Goe,b) » be)e
i
F538 pe afunttion K
der $0 Dep FGDs J
fF Konly sf
Corresponding bo cach Eso , there 1S Some ms,
Suchth rf “re -m
be |G) alee .
Q.
Bind Sing TL
Re
for Goch sil €>0 , to
find wm | ;
yom Chet)
\a-oe
=
+ <¢ "ae
ing 70 GRO ind
ae zee
Lim Vics
Hae 1445 :
po fiile, Limit
tien Cx) 203
He
i Mee ~O
yao
gcfimbion
er 4cx) meets ee ae
that eCx)4 ce «
eal ouing c except
Li
use Sat
Fy ool eee
Such that for all >
ju-al 25 ¥ ao
fay or:
meso we can find $>0.
tind Siro (Q0-cot)
xeO
ysl OFF 1 en