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The document discusses the concepts of continuity and differentiability of functions, including the conditions under which a function is continuous and differentiable at a point. It references the Mean Value Theorem and Rolle's Theorem, providing mathematical proofs and examples. Additionally, it covers the application of limits and the use of L'Hôpital's rule for evaluating indeterminate forms.
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ef Madale ot Galoulus * ibe
ee oO i i ; .
+ continuily: A Pinckion ts said to be continuous
pal a point, oe. aN
ea elim Pic ici bin Pty) on (f
Hes! APO at
=e a (pibteealiohililysa. ‘vA Giodion. fis ucid lobe a
diPferentiable at 4 poiod ta if
eh tg
+ fifa)_= aim __# Cath) Fg)
beste hae
provided thal the timit should exist
é X2= 2) ‘ cs —
Tf _y = Pex) be a curve then $e + slope of
tangent to the curve ey
fag een ot Sigel le —| Paltets Trtolenit 6 ih pie
pen le ae) ee Se ie eae
Cela dobhnwietn lea ge 2516 cil aaa
a AL diferen'iable in (ab)
")__fea) =£¢b) then —there_eocists ab leash ~
sol nike Aegina ie: b) such that f'¢c) eo
. a v a 2 =
i Consider the 9 £
ie porton AB of B .
et the _curve y= Peo | : t
tying beto x =a || | \
a x=b i ‘
4 | en ee ep
aa el
i ft tar, bial dak eae ee dea ingen} a every point betn Ad B
i i] Ovdinate of A 2 ardingle of
i. ! : from + the Aigure. We can say that there [
‘ |which the * tis! parallel to the a-axis.
. ec. of iit ei galiig
| Noe e Pr OP Fare
__funchion i ;
f fox) = 2¢ C24) a 18 (012)
=> 2 Sol nie E90). = 0, i
i ‘ Po) 2) 2094 9) ie MyX?
1 hy, contains and diferxenbable.
2h LD RR sOexe) ef 2) + 4.2 Hed)
4x-8 +4x43xr_~ 6x =O
Sy 13 x7 dh 20) 8 ee
3xth 6x + 4x -B = 0
3x Cxta) -4y(x+2) <0
Cx+ 2) Gant) = On
5 o
4 = diem FoR Ba)
; , h> 6 SR eh
i ert oye = alin tht or
Ee hao h
= — PIGS) eR ry ek ae
~ hao b i
is PLO) =_Li'm Deeeietl [
$500 hal ee eee
; +
a
—
Bates theo is_nok app.
age Pod = lx, x 22
: i EGA XPD
Pk ilies HPs Nem i pige = lt =3
i e>o- x >2-
bite Pex) = Wing §5— 7S Ban) og
X-> 9+ Se
* Pais conhonous.
eh the
Now we will
at 9 ooons fem ea Broo,
Pode (yi Dade thao!
foo is not differen Kable ab x =2q which
to i
fxs
te fcay = ond Pe 6
ene Hess a aa i Ane oe {
fi Loe)
P ayte fen” bs %
ae pants OF Rill Beare ane. a
ae +—Sdhistied, coe
fia “Fe such: Shae Plecy = 0 a ea
- eae oe oe See
pS eS OP Ree eset sae ~ :
a ainice _fitec) = si wimaag |
0, our _dssumphion Wan ig nang
liven has exact _one
= real 300 fester a
eS |
= la ae i
Foe TP a Rishon Pre) its continuous | taco)
[ess Teal 2 ala cage
prey exists ab every x in Cah) en Shere,
i exists cla One valtie ic © (a,b)
i | Stich shad —£" te) 5 BGby = Fea) e
ie i b-a
i Proof! Choose Ge) = foe) — ao z
i Since Pore x) 1S conkine Siete a ee i
i é tx) is entinweas
and P03 a lo ¢a ee
me =a
Diiapeg 1g
——8 € (0,1) uch that Path) = Ecath) -Fee)~
Y
es eho Td: —— ath-a >
! | erie ae
i
fe fippes hy 2 Par) step
h
hare h) = F cath) - Pia)
eo * Peath) = h F'(at 6h) + Pa)
i Geomebie Ioterprebation of LAT + i
a ie See
a a t
Le (6, Foy t
t ‘ {
E Consider, A and 8 ar. tas Points of tare £y- fcxy
.—____h_ corres,
B, ! Aol )_ and B (6 £25) )
i ! ord AB = lb) -F (a)
| ls b-g
Ut ") By LMivT Slope of chord ABR = £'c)
i “Slope of 4 the_curve a ie
j “Hence LAT. Stoty thal if. ]
be le: ork chidul eee
such thal _f'¢e) = Lp)-Fio)
-9
which is paralte) to the chord ~AB_
JAE G lalcase when fea) = fb) theo [MYT >
La Rolle theorem
a S|?) “the: average ira oF change. of Bowes the
(_interval.Ca’, b)ts. giver ty.
| Ub) = eta). oP ey :
i eed,
which is_actual role of change. clans
point.of interval_ta.b) e
| pel Lx) sdlisCies condition of Umaut int feta) |
and 49. %2 cre. any poinks in [ab] such
£6 %q then \ying MV" in inkeral _
n. Sher_exists “ce _& (2,421) such |
Soh Pals —F (x)
| Bai a (%o-%,) = ee ee ‘
fee saQhe aa (has 26) ci dlc tle: £9 €o
Sil ‘ ‘ elie ae £0 my aedOQ ee Trverse Ranebion nae Domain
bt @. > Ponehion } 1 Dterval in which E
L Ht igs fix) is continuous.
= iii 8c 9 sO Le At
: Lex) = R
Bel Lox) = polynomia) R
ac fx) =modulus Are
= | fx) = Rabonal Pe PRe Ie Ss
[ae ay qx) :
i i Pw = sin, cosx i
i fen) = eX. R
: fox slog tx) 00,0)
i x) =
Al
such that Ps Ey: Po) Cath
Hew, Oe ad2 fea) = 2 (0)? = 7a) -10
‘bray > 8 erie ie
[Phy 28 Ce 210
eg Ptb) = 50-35-10 = 6
Ag Pee) = 2% =a =10
ee i Pltx) 6505 7 é
po AMG) sail Ge tet is ge
« from_eqn @
$ tc= dade Sak 10) 04 sgh
ba ig cea : ; 4
i 4c Sd Dae. a
be co boule
Be | alt & sa Pots.
Ss {| + gee, fetal ip {
iol Buch sosthlt gett eihs nt 20 pal
____£nd_poinls
ere Ca, fay) and (b, fb) )}
___ is eae oan,ae. = Preys Pb) le).
ad b=
Fie | ey ae < oo
pa foe a et fi
eel es iy of oe FI) = Abaay
i iS c-) > Pio = Joge P-
L | Fn. ey ee
— -2€ = e-) © (Ise)
bee rer 00. =
ae aay imyt to shaw thal bh Ztonth 2 b
£ | bdo g ree
pees je Ce Dre ee eee. Sh Lo, hJ
| differenia ble_in_(osh) ,Hdnce_andiknes Bap
ol teats at —— a
ti Ff eet Pee £.Ub) = Peay ie LTR
ti b-9 t
G As oftx)\. = tant cx)
Ef py re
i act
i BEC) elas
e publ tC fp ore
H 1) = Feo) (-" a=0 and
| re bee beh)
a Nahe aol tanto)
E ! = dan! ee
} me b =
E:6. @,) > ofc Pa) =U" =1 and ae
—fbo= He Lx) 29x SLM =
OO he = 95 -}
oie oe Wu =€
mm
=> fe=3] € CS) - Thus ivr
— is Proved, a
= Pt)
9b) ~ 4a) qi)
eb -fta
Terk 5
RR en OO er a
¥ [Aleta of CTE eit
t Then nv dtoters thal,
1
"ee
Te Gf x the CmvT redicer to Lew
Take a ath then Ome eh
= a+ ©b provided Hak 026 <|
Fi taiehy- : san
g'(ateh) — g(ath) = 9¢a)Pa
(LU)
; L Verify CmVT. Fa ne Pun aii Pate oat
ET than a gas eat i fae
Vl Solo t fer cond. gin) are ‘ ao
i {woeNons..hence. Siete ae
| __—diPfereohinble tee. rondo of comyt ay, c
satisfied So, there eacists at et
odin wed euCa Ss ucla E00 = Visor
Ee OC = ae as iI
| Nien = tant aie
eee b-aaS Defi ee det ea d si cag
| Definibon Le and gtx) be any two fanchy
= hoes hl fin 22 nd ge rg
| The -rotio ae ig soaldoby * bin dus inberaine
form 0 Sok ge" ge 6
_Sthere. are Seveo_inkerminale form as -
Rips OX pe eC agi S ooish lear wien |
a)
hatrue Nolue. (limit) § &
The eo of an 2 inkemioal form
eas called iby te
if Pech
{Bi
8m nw B-[Lial Bi
_.gtakemenr ee ( : : fs
ser tha Ca) = g6a) =r i
HL m £cx 20 a shen
dion fe ene fc "
[| xa
Lien rare the form %%
— Poy takes the form 00.
xFO OK) 0x9
* Mare thg Rules ic
eae ~ then Pee tA “gtx J. ake. he Las Ah
'O Use 7 L- Hospitol's fulei- Di Pferenhiate cua
dome ofthe siideas ulate ore_known then —
either to
2 oe sclve the ‘problem
‘ ox the work.” 2
‘ [
a yi him sinx _y Di %*
Tete ey
Lim tone. | 8) Lim <2
4 | 29 Ore OC x0 a ia
= 3. dim stole =) L Uline ginhx -
i. KPO: *« % : ¥ X00 hee et -
e tbs Bons was(-1F 0) I aed 5 1): ivy i oinhe
~ re a MP0 %
~ 6) tiem co Aig Zab. ings
i | x90 x sree
EB Cig eae,
a X30. He ag eer
ee ate aie| Hospitals Rule - Lim foo . fim $b
X7O Gta) 40 Q! (x)
Type Ti form 0%
; A. Sod bee pee
pf Soe 8 pve Ciba) le
Sls Applying hospitals _& we ha
te ee ico page ae”
ax
eg ae Peer OY oe mag
pects «alt be :
se eo) (tba)
| WHO b
aera ing Limi} _w q
= o (emHires 1+
| b
| (ee)a Pisa
a= -
him 2 C= L9Ut%)
xd KI} +toqt
we) 3
ve Tee ee
RYO Fea Ne
Tex = VC4a)%
fin See
x30 xdog (tx)
i ing 1+ Haspibels rule._we gels TS
ex)
+ waligor
(+2) ;
ae
! How taki
pelea
Le Sig ut
l40 \+0
ty 2
Cerne
aes
iv
ses Spee es, de
th
i X40 SINK OSH
i z mr ?
x0 Asin COS x)
es
|. i XO SINIX
[ i ay
ae 1
od et eee
- dim _fisinrx \.
ea xo 2 /
Sar Z =
Fe L = au!
ee !
i ce ea.
“Pe | Evaluale dim Jog Gea) [0,4
Ee a rn}
HO “rate Seto?
Applying =Haspilals_ ial nue g ek
ae x0 eck een
ee rn Cea:
a
£
CTE
Pas
meee ha) ex =F
E f ed eG a
ao co Celalgebraic.molilea mahup
sec en etl ik to the form 6
| evalncte the Limit
a a de Hees, 5 Mishe,
Bo eecos Ase dewatgee 23)
Some Vin Te sae ats a
coe a8 cone 7a) FOR 3), / bees aoe /> )
Cx-2) Log ¢ + ¢ )
+ J
IL gain. L 1 He al,
| z py
r oi yi Ng soe
ed Evaluate Lim fae be ce Oe =e
i reo a er
Pe Leb Pe aan j abr ie
ay
L XO
ee dog b= dim fon Ca" Fer ye)
: eh 7*O. tog 8 Se,
. dog = _Lirn iy ee a 4
: X60
a Applying: alison tome te ME
4ogl 2 ip way Cea) —_ FX Iogb
E> 6 liccittee Fe“ Noge) =6
log |e rai Cogat sei + a log cE)
70 (A b%4c%)
Now taking dimits, as Ones
fs Rogier) Joga + (1) 7096 +) Voge
‘Lal sa
Hog l= toy taba) 9 aes
ee Edimioiting | og 00 bab ste we gh
be (abe)
sat
he