1 Mark Questions

1. Under what condition is the relation s=vt

correct?

Ans: The relation s=vt

is valid when the particle moves with uniform velocity and along a straight line.

2. Two balls of different masses are thrown vertically upward with the same initial speed. Which one
will rise to a greater height?

Ans: When two balls of different masses are thrown vertically upward with the same initial speed,
both of them will rise to a greater height.

3. What is the relative velocity of two bodies having equal velocities?

Ans: The relative velocity of two bodies having equal velocities is given by:

Consider, va=vb=v

Then, vab=va−vb=v−v=0

4. A 400m long railway train, 400m long is going from New Delhi railway station to Kanpur. Can we
consider a railway train as a point object?

Ans: Yes, we consider a railway train as a point object. This is because the length of the train is
smaller as compared to the distance between New Delhi and Kanpur.

5. Shipra went from her home to school 2.5km away. On finding her home closed she returned to her
home immediately. What is her net displacement? What is the total distance covered by her?

Ans: From the above question it can be interpreted that:

Displacement = 0km

And

Distance = 2.5km + 2.5km = 5.0km

6. Can the speed of an object be negative? Justify.

Ans: The speed of an object can never be negative. This is because the distance is also always
positive.

7. Under what condition the displacement and the distance of a moving object will have the same
magnitude?

Ans: Distance and displacement have the same magnitude when the object will move in a straight
line.

8. What is the shape of the displacement time graph for uniform linear motion?

Ans: The shape of the displacement time graph for uniform linear motion is a straight line inclined to
the time axis (x-axis).

9. Figure shows a displacement time graph. Comment on the sign of velocities at the point

P, Q, R, S, and T.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: From the figure,

Velocity at P and T are positive.

Velocity at Q and S is zero.

Velocity at R is negative.

10. The velocity-time graph of a particle in one-dimensional motion is shown in Fig. 3.29. Which of
the following formulae are correct for describing the motion of the particle over the time-interval t1
to t2

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

a) x(t2)=x(t1)+v(t1)(t2−t1)+(1/2)a(t2−t1)2

b) v(t2)=v(t1)+a(t2−t1)

c) vaverage=(x(t2)−x(t1))/(t2−t1)

d) aaverage=(v(t2)−v(t1))/(t2−t1)

e) x(t2)=x(t1)+vaverage(t2−t1)+(1/2)aaverage(t2−t1)2

x(t2)−x(t1)=area under the v-t curve bounded by the t-axis

and the dotted line shown.

Ans: The correct relations for the motion of the particle are (c), (d) and, (f). The given graph has a
non-uniform slope. Thus, the relations given in (a), (b), and (e) cannot describe the motion of the
particle. Only the relations are given in (c), (d), and (f) are correct equations of motion.

11. In which of the following examples of motion, can the body be considered approximately a point
object:

a) A railway carriage moving without jerks between two stations.

Ans: As the size of a carriage is very small as compared to the distance between two stations, the
carriage can be treated as a point-sized object.

b) A monkey sitting on top of a man cycling smoothly on a circular track.

Ans: As the size of a monkey is very small as compared to the size of a circular track, the monkey can
be considered as a point-sized object on the track.

c) A spinning cricket ball that turns sharply on hitting the ground.

Ans: As the size of a spinning cricket ball is comparable to the distance through which it turns sharply
on hitting the ground, the cricket ball cannot be considered as a point object.

d) A tumbling beaker that has slipped off the edge of a table.

Ans: As the size of a beaker is comparable to the height of the table from which it slipped, the beaker
cannot be considered as a point object.

2 Marks Questions

1. Write the characteristics of displacement.

Ans: Following are the characteristics of displacement:

(1) Displacement is a vector quantity having both magnitude and direction.

(2) Displacement of a given body can be positive, negative, or zero.

2. Draw a displacement time graph for uniformly accelerated motion. What is its shape?

Ans: Following is the time graph for uniformly accelerated motion which is parabolic in shape.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

3. Sameer went on his bike from Delhi to Gurgaon at a speed of 60km/hr and came back at a speed
of 40km/hr. What is his average speed for the entire journey?

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Speed of the bike when Sameer traveled from Delhi to Gurgaon is v1=60km/hr

Come back speed is v2=40km/hr

Therefore, average speed will be:

Average speed=2v1v2v1+v2=2(60)(40)60+40=48km/hr

4. What causes variation in the velocity of a particle?

Ans: Variation in velocity of a particle happens when:

(1) magnitude of velocity changes

(2) direction of motion changes.

5. Figure. Shows displacement – time curves I and II. What conclusions do you draw from these
graphs?

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: From the graph given in the question we can conclude that:

(1) Both the curves represent uniform linear motion.

(2) Uniform velocity of II is more than the velocity of I because the slope of the curve (II) is greater.

6. Displacement of a particle is given by the expression x=3t2+7t9

, where x is in meters and t is in seconds. What is acceleration?

Ans: Expression of Displacement a particle is given by x=3t2+7t9

Therefore,

v=dxdt=6t+7

And

a=dvdt=6m/s2
, which is the required acceleration.

7. A particle is thrown upwards. It attains a height (h) after 5 seconds and again after 9s comes back.
What is the speed of the particle at a height h?

Ans: According to Newton’s laws of motion:

s=ut+12at2

The net displacement at 4s

is zero as the particle comes to the same point at 9s

where it was at 5s

Hence,

0=(u×4)−12(g)(4)2

(u)×4=12(g)(4)2

Hence,

u=2×9.8=19.6m/s

Hence, the speed of the particle at a height h is 19.6m/s

8. Draw displacement time graph for a uniformly accelerated motion? What is its shape?
Ans: Following is the displacement time graph for a uniformly accelerated motion:

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

9. The displacement x of a particle moving in one dimension under the action of the constant force is
related to the time by the equation t=x−−√−3

where x is in meters and t is in seconds. Find the velocity of the particle at (1) t = 3s (2) t = 6s.

Ans: The given equation for displacement of particle is

t=x−−√−3

⇒x=(t+3)2

Now, velocity is calculated as:

v=dxdt=2(t+3)

Therefore,

i) v at t=3s

will be:

v=2(3+3)=12m/s

And

ii) v at t=6s

will be:
v=2(6+3)=18m/s

10. A balloon is ascending at the rate of 4.9m/s. A pocket is dropped from the balloon when situated
at a height of 245m. How long does it take the packet to reach the ground? What is its final velocity?

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Initial velocity, u=4.9m/s

Height, h=245m

As the pocket is in freefall, a=g=9.8m/s2

Therefore, using Newton’s Laws of motion:

s=ut+12at2

245=−4.9t+12(9.8)t2

4.9t2−4.9t−245=0

⇒t=7.6 or −5.6

Hence, t=7.6s

Now, v=u+at

v=−4.9+9.8(7.6)=69.6m/s
Hence, it takes 7.6s

for the packet to reach the ground and the final velocity is 69.6m/s

11. A car moving on a straight highway with a speed of 126km/hr. is brought to a stop within a
distance of 200m. What is the retardation of the car (assumed uniform) and how long does it take for
the car to stop?

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

u=126km/r=35m/s

v=0m/s

s=200m

And

t=?

Now,

We know that:

a=u2−v22s=352−02(200)=−3.06m/s2

Now, v=u+at

Therefore, 0=35−(3.06)t
t=11.4s

Hence, the retardation of the car is −3.06m/s2

and it takes 11.4s

for the car to stop.

12. In Exercises 3.13 and 3.14, we have carefully distinguished between average speed and
magnitude of average velocity. No such distinction is necessary when we consider instantaneous
speed and magnitude of velocity. The instantaneous speed is always equal to the magnitude of
instantaneous velocity. Why?

Ans: We know that instantaneous velocity is the first derivative of distance with respect to time.

Here, the time interval is so small that it is assumed that the particle does not change its direction of
motion. Therefore, both the total path length and magnitude of displacement become equal in this
interval of time. Thus, instantaneous speed is always equal to instantaneous velocity.

13. Look at the graphs (a) to (d) (figure) carefully and state, with reasons, which of these cannot
possibly represent one-dimensional motion of a particle.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans:

a) Consider the x-t graph, given in fig (a). It does not represent the one-dimensional motion of the
particle. This is because a particle cannot have two positions at the same instant of time.

b) Consider the x-t graph, given in fig (b). It does not represent the one-dimensional motion of the
particle. This is because a particle can never have two values of velocity at the same instant of time.

c) Consider the x-t graph, given in fig (c). It does not represent the one-dimensional motion of the
particle. This is because speed being a scalar quantity cannot be negative.
d) Consider the x-t graph, given in fig (d). It does not represent the one-dimensional motion of the
particle. This is because the total path length traveled by the particle cannot decrease with time.

14. Figure shows the x-t plot of the one-dimensional motion of a particle. Is it correct to say from the
graph that the particle moves in a straight line for t<0

and on a parabolic path for t>0

? If not, suggest a suitable physical context for this graph.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: No, this is because the x-t graph does not represent the trajectory of the path followed by a
particle. Also from the graph, it is clear that at t=0, x=0

15. A police van moving on a highway with a speed of 30 km/hr

fires a bullet at a thief’s car speeding away in the same direction with a speed of 192 km/hr

. If the muzzle speed of the bullet is 150 m/s

, with what speed does the bullet hit the thief’s car? (Note: Obtain that speed which is relevant for
damaging the thief’s car).

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Speed of the police van is vp=30 km/hr=8.33m/s

Muzzle speed of the bullet is vb=150 m/s

Speed of the thief’s car is vt=192 km/hr=53.33m/s

.

As the bullet is fired from a moving van, its resultant speed will be 150+8.33=158.33m/s

Since both the vehicles are moving in the same direction, the velocity with which the bullet hits the
thief’s car can be obtained as:

vbt=vb−vt=158.33−53.33=105m/s

16. Figure gives the x-t plot of a particle in one-dimensional motion. Three different equal intervals of
time are shown. In which interval is the average speed greatest, and in which is it the least? Give the
sign of average velocity for each interval.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: The average speed is greatest in interval 3 and least in interval 2. It is positive in intervals 1 & 2
and negative in interval 3.

The average speed of a particle shown in the x-t graph is given by the slope of the graph in a
particular interval of time.

From the graph, it is clear that the slope is maximum and minimum restively in intervals 3 and 2
respectively. Thus, the average speed of the particle is the greatest in interval 3 and is the least in
interval 2. The sign of average velocity is positive in both intervals 1 and 2 as the slope is positive in
these intervals. However, it is negative in interval 3 because the slope is negative in this interval.

17. A boy standing on a stationary lift (open from above) throws a ball upwards with the maximum
initial speed he can, equal to 49 m/s

. How much time does the ball take to return to his hands? If the lift starts moving up with a uniform
speed of 5m/s

and the boy again throws the ball up with the maximum speed he can, how long does the ball take
to return to his hands?
Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Initial velocity of the ball is u = 49 m/s

Acceleration is a=−g=−9.8m/s2

Consider

case I:

When the lift was stationary, the boy threw the ball. Taking upward motion of the ball,

Final velocity, v of the ball becomes zero at the highest point.

From first equation of motion, time of ascent (t) is given as:

v=u+at

t=v−ua=−49−9.8=5s

However, the time of ascent is equal to the time of descent.

Thus, the total time taken by the ball to return to the boy’s hand is 5+5=10s

Case II:

The lift was moving up with a uniform velocity of 5 m/s. Here, the relative velocity of the ball with
respect to the boy remains the same i.e., 49 m/s
. Therefore, in this case, also, the ball will return back to the boy’s hand in 10 s

18. A jet airplane travelling at the speed of 500 km/hr

ejects its products of combustion at the speed of 1500 km/hr

relative to the jet plane. What is the speed of the latter with respect to an observer on the ground?

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Speed of the jet airplane, = 500 km/hr

Relative speed of its products of combustion with respect to the plane, =1500 km/hr

Speed of its products of combustion with respect to the ground =1500−500=1000km/hr

Hence, the speed of the latter with respect to an observer on the ground is 1000km/hr

19. Two trains A and B of length 400 m each are moving on two parallel tracks with a uniform speed
of 72 km/hr

in the same direction, with A ahead of B. The driver of B decides to overtake A and accelerates by 1
m s−2

. If after 50 s, the guard of B just brushes past the driver of A, what was the original distance
between them?

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

For train A: Initial velocity is u = 72 km/h = 20 m/s

Time is t=50 s

Acceleration, a1=0

(Since it is moving with a uniform velocity)

From second equation of motion, distance (s1)

covered by train A can be obtained as:

s=ut+(1/2)at2

=20×50+0=1000m

For train B:

Initial velocity is u = 72 km/h = 20 m/s

Acceleration, a=1m/s2

Time is t=50 s

From second equation of motion, distance (sn)

covered by train A can be obtained as:

sn=ut+(1/2)at2

=20×50+(1/2)(1)(50)2=2250m

Hence,
Length of both trains = 2 × 400 m = 800 m

Therefore, the original distance between the driver of train A and the guard of train B is 2250−1000
− 800 = 450m.

3 Marks Questions

1. Define, v=u+at

from the velocity-time graph.

Ans: Consider the graph given below

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Slope of graph is

tanθ=u−vt

And tanθ=a

Hence, at=u−v

v=u+at

2. A particle is moving along a straight line and its position is given by the relation

x=(t3−6t2−15t+40)m
Find

a) The time at which velocity is zero.

b) Position and displacement of the particle at that point.

c) Acceleration

Ans: Given expression of position is x=(t3−6t2−15t+40)m

v=dxdt=(3t2−12t−15)m/s

and

a=dvdt=(6t−12)m/s2

a) Calculating time at which velocity is zero,

(3t2−12t−15)=0

t2−4t−5=0

(t−5)(t+1)=0

∴t=5,−1

Hence, t=5s

b) Position at t=5s

is given by
x=(5)3−6(5)2−15(5)+40=−60

Position at t=0s

is given by

x=(0)3−6(0)2−15(0)+40=40

Hence displacement=x5−x0=−60−40=−100m

c) Acceleration at t=5s

is given by:

a=6(5)−12=18m/s2

3. A police jeep on a petrol duty on national highway was moving with a speed of 54km/hr. in the
same direction. It finds a thief rushing up in a car at a rate of 126km/hr in the same direction. Police
sub-inspector fired at the car of the thief with his service revolver with a muzzle speed of 100m/s.
With what speed will the bullet hit the thief's car?

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

VPJ=54km/hr=15m/s

VTC=126km/hr=35m/s

vb=100m/s

Hence,

Velocity of car w.r.t. police, VCP=35−15=20m/s

Velocity of bullet w.r.t. car, VBC=100−20=80m/s

Hence, the bullet will hit the car with velocity 80m/s

4. Establish the relation Snth=u+a2(2n−1)

where the letters have their usual meanings.

Ans: We have, Snth=u+a2(2n−1)

We know that Snth=Sn−Sn−1

And

Sn=un+12an2

Sn−1=u(n−1)+12a(n−1)2

Snth=un+12an2−u(n−1)−12a(n−1)2

Hence,

Snth=u−12a+na

Therefore,

Snth=u+a2(2n−1)
Hence proved.

5. A stone is dropped from the top of a cliff and is found to travel 44.1m diving at the last second
before it reaches the ground. What is the height of the cliff? g = 9.8m/s2

Ans: Consider the height of the cliff to be h m.

u=0m/s

a=g=9.8m/s2

If n is the total time taken by the stone while falling,

Snth=u+a2(2n−1)

44.1=0+9.82(2n−1)

n=102=5s

Now,

h=ut+12at2

h=12(9.8)(5)2=122.5m
, which is the required height.

6. Establish S=ut+12at2

from the velocity time graph, a uniform accelerated motion.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: Consider the graph given in the question.

The displacement of the particle is given by the area under the v-t graph.

S = area OABC

S = area of rectangle AODC + area of ADB

Hence,

S=(OA×OC)+(12AD×BD)

S=ut+12(AD)×(AD×DBAD)

S=ut+12(AD)2×(DBAD)

S=ut+12(t)2×(DBAD)

S=ut+12(t)2×(a)

[As a=tanθ=BDAD]
Therefore,

S=ut+12at2

7.

a) Define the term relative velocity.

Ans: The relative velocity of any object A with respect to object B is termed as the time rate of
change of position of A with respect to B.

b) Write the expression for the relative velocity of one moving with respect to another body when
objects are moving in the same direction and are moving in opposite directions?

Ans: Consider two objects to be moving in the same direction,

Then,

V⃗ AB=V⃗ A−V⃗ B

Where,

V⃗ A

is the velocity of A.

V⃗ B

is the velocity of B.

V⃗ AB

is the velocity of A with respect to B.

Now consider two objects to be moving in the opposite direction,

Then,

V⃗ AB=V⃗ A−(−V→B)=VA→+VB→

Where, −VB→

indicates that B moves in the direction opposite to A.

b) A Jet airplane traveling at the speed of 500km/hr ejects its products of combustion at the speed of
1500km/h relative to the Jetplane. What is the speed of the latter with respect to an observer on the
ground?

Ans: We have,

Velocity of the Jet plane, VJ= 500km/hr

Velocity of gases w.r.t. Jet plane VgJ = −1500km/hr

(direction is opposite) V⃗ gJ=V⃗ g−(−V→J)=Vg→+VJ→

Now, we know that hot gases also come out in opposite direction of the Jet plane,

Velocity of the gas, Vg=−1500+500=−1000km/hr

8. Define (i) v = u + at

(ii) v2 u2= 2as

by calculus method.
Ans:

i) Acceleration is given by:

a=dvdt

⇒dv=adt

Integrating on both sides,

∫dv=∫adt

Hence, v=at+k

…… (1)

Where, k is the constant.

When, t=0

and θ=u

We get k=u

Hence, v = u + at

ii) We have, a=dvdt

Multiplying and dividing by dx,

a=dvdt×dxdx
a=dvdt×θ

adx=vdv

As dxdt=v

On integrating,

a∫x0xdx=∫vθvdv

Hence, a(x−x0)=u22−v22

As (x−x0=s)

as=u2−v22

v2 − u2= 2as

9. A woman starts from her home at 9.00 am, walks with a speed of 5 km/hr

on a straight road up to her office 2.5 km away, stays at the office up to 5.00 pm, and returns home
by an auto with a speed of 25 km/hr

. Choose suitable scales and plot the x-t graph of her motion

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Speed of the woman = 5 km/h

Distance between her office and home = 2.5 km

.

Time taken = Distance / Speed

= 2.5 / 5 = 0.5 h = 30 min

It is given that she covers the same distance in the evening by an auto.

Now, speed of the auto = 25 km/h

Time taken = Distance / Speed

= 2.5 / 25 = 1 / 10 = 0.1 h = 6 min

The suitable x-t graph of the motion of the woman is shown in the given figure.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

10. A drunkard walking in a narrow lane takes 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward, followed again
by 5 steps forward and 3 steps backward, and so on. Each step is 1 m long and requires 1 s. Plot the
x-t graph of his motion. Determine graphically and otherwise how long the drunkard takes to fall in a
pit 13 m away from the start.

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Distance covered with 1 step = 1 m

Time taken = 1 s

Time taken to move first 5 m

forward = 5 s

Time taken to move 3 m

backward = 3 s

Net distance covered = 5 3 = 2 m

Net time taken to cover 2 m = 8 s

Hence,

Drunkard covers 2 m

in 8 s

Drunkard covered 4 m

in 16 s

Drunkard covered 6 m
in 24 s

Drunkard covered 8 m

in 32 s

In the next 5 s

, the drunkard will cover a distance of 5 m

and a total distance of 13 m

and then fall into the pit.

Net time taken by the drunkard to cover km

13 m = 32 + 5 = 37 s

The x-t graph of the drunkard’s motion can be shown below:

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

11. A car moving along a straight highway with a speed of 126 km/hr

is brought to a stop within a distance of 200 m. What is the retardation of the car (assumed
uniform), and how long does it take for the car to stop?

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Initial velocity of the car is u=126 km/hr=35m/s

.
Final velocity of the car is v=0km/hr

Distance covered by the car before coming to rest is 200 m

Consider retardation produced in the car =a

From third equation of motion, v2−u2=2as

Therefore, −352=2a(200)

a=−3.0625m/s2

From first equation of motion, time (t) taken by the car to stop can be obtained as:

v=u+at

0=35−(3.065)t

t=11.44s

Hence, the retardation of the car (assumed uniform) is 3.0625m/s2

, and it takes 11.44s

for the car to stop.

12. Read each statement below carefully and state with reasons and examples, if it is true or false; A
particle in one-dimensional motion

a) With zero speed at an instant may have non-zero acceleration at that instant
Ans: The above statement is true. When an object is thrown vertically up in the air, its speed
becomes zero at maximum height. It has acceleration equal to the acceleration due to gravity (g)
Which acts in the downward direction at that point.

b) With zero speed may have non-zero velocity,

Ans: The above statement is false as speed is the magnitude of velocity. If speed is zero, the
magnitude of velocity along with the velocity is zero.

c) With constant speed must have zero acceleration,

Ans: The above statement is true. If a car is moving on a straight highway with constant speed, it will
have a constant velocity. Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity. Hence, the
acceleration of the car is also zero.

d) With a positive value of acceleration must be speeding up.

Ans: The above statement is false. If acceleration is positive and velocity is negative at the instant
time is taken as origin. Thus, for all the time before velocity becomes zero, there is a slowing down of
the particle. This case occurs when a particle is projected upwards. This statement will be true when
both velocity and acceleration are positive, at that instant time taken as origin. This case happens
when a particle is moving with positive acceleration or falling vertically downwards from a height.

13. Suggest a suitable physical situation for each of the following graphs (figure):

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: Consider the figure given in the question:

a) From the x-t graph given it is clear that initially, a body was at rest. Further, its velocity increases
with time and attains an instantaneous constant value. The velocity then reduces to zero with an
increase in time. Further, its velocity increases with time in the opposite direction and acquires a
constant value. A similar physical situation arises when a football (initially kept at rest) is kicked and
gets rebound from a rigid wall so that its speed gets reduced. Then, it passes from the player who
has kicked it and ultimately stops after some time.

b) From the given v-t graph it is clear that the sign of velocity changes and its magnitude decreases
with the passage of time. This type of situation arises when a ball is dropped on the hard floor from a
height. It strikes the floor with some velocity and upon rebound, its velocity decreases by a factor.
This continues till the velocity of the ball eventually becomes zero.

c) From the given a-t graph it is clear that initially, the body is moving with a certain uniform velocity.
Its acceleration increases for a short interval of time, which again drops to zero. This shows that the
body again starts moving with the same constant velocity. This type of physical situation arises when
a hammer moving with a uniform velocity strikes a nail.

14. The position-time (x-t) graphs for two children A and B returning from their school O to their
homes P and Q respectively are shown in the figure. Choose the correct entries in the brackets
below;

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

a) (A/B) lives closer to the school than (B/A)

Ans: From the graph, it is clear that OP<OQ

. Therefore, A lives closer to the school than B.

b) (A/B) starts from the school earlier than (B/A)

Ans: From the graph it is clear that for x = 0, t = 0

for A and t has some finite value for B. Hence, A starts from the school earlier than B.

c) (A/B) walks faster than (B/A)

Ans: As the velocity is equal to the slope of the x-t graph, in the case of uniform motion and slope of
the x-t graph for B is greater than that for A. Thus, B walks faster than A.

d) A and B reach home at the (same/different) time

Ans: From the graph, it is clear that both A and B reach their respective homes at the same time.

e) (A/B) overtakes (B/A) on the road (once/twice).

Ans: As B moves later than A and his/her speed is greater than that of A. From the graph, it is clear
that B overtakes A only once on the road.

4 Marks Questions

1. On a two-lane road, car A is travelling with a speed of 36 km/hr

. Two cars B and C approach car A in opposite directions with a speed of 54 km/hr

each. At a certain instant, when the distance AB is equal to AC, both being 1 km, B decides to
overtake A before C does. What minimum acceleration of car B is required to avoid an accident?

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Velocity of car A is 36 km/hr=10m/s

. Velocity of car B = Velocity of car C=54km/hr=15m/s

Relative velocity of car A with respect to car B,

= 15 – 10 = 5 m/s

Relative velocity of car A with respect to car C,

= 15 + 10 = 25 m/s
At a certain instance, both cars B and C are at the same distance from car A.

Hence, s = 1 km = 1000 m

Time taken (t) by car C to cover 1000 m

(i.e., to overtake A) = 1000 / 25 = 40 s

Thus, to avoid an accident, car B must cover the same distance in a maximum of 40 s

Using second equation of motion, minimum acceleration (a) produced by car B will be:

s=ut+(1/2)at2

1400=(15×40)+(12×a×(40)2)

⇒a=1m/s2

Hence, the minimum acceleration of car B required to avoid an accident is 1m/s2

2. Explain clearly, with examples, the distinction between:

a) The magnitude of displacement (sometimes called distance) over an interval of time, and the total
length of path covered by a particle over the same interval;

Ans: The shortest distance (which is a straight line) between the initial and final positions of the
particle gives the magnitude of displacement over an interval of time. The total path length of a
particle is the actual path length covered by the particle in a given interval of time. For example,
suppose a particle moves from point A to point B and then comes back to a point, C taking a total
time t, as shown below. Then, the magnitude of displacement of the particle is AC.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Whereas, total path length = AB + BC

We know that the magnitude of displacement can never be greater than the total path length. But, in
some cases, both quantities are equal to each other.

b) The magnitude of average velocity over an interval of time, and the average speed over the same
interval. (Average speed of a particle over an interval of time is defined as the total path length
divided by the time interval). Show in both (a) and (b) that the second quantity is either greater than
or equal to the first. When is the equality sign true? (For simplicity, consider one-dimensional motion
only).

Ans: We know that:

Magnitude of average velocity = Magnitude of displacement / Time interval

Hence, for the given particle,

Average velocity =AC/t

Average speed = Total path length / Time interval

=(AB+BC)/t
Since, AB+BC>AC

, the average speed is greater than the magnitude of average velocity. The two quantities will be
equal if the particle continues to move along a straight line.

3. Figure gives the x-t plot of a particle executing one-dimensional simple harmonic motion.

(You will learn about this motion in more detail in Chapter14). Give the signs of position, velocity, and
acceleration variables of the particle at t=0.3s,1.2s,−1.2s

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: The required signs are:

Negative, Negative, Positive

Positive, Positive, Negative

Negative, Positive, Positive

When a particle executes simple harmonic motion (SHM), acceleration (a) is given by the relation:
a=−ω2x

Where,

is the angular frequency ...

i) t = 0.3 s

For this time interval, x is negative. Hence, the slope of the x-t plot will be negative. Thus, both
position and velocity are negative. However, using equation (i) the acceleration of the particle will be
positive.

ii) t =1.2s

For this time interval, x is positive. Hence, the slope of the x-t plot will be positive. Thus, both
position and velocity are positive. However, using equation (i)the acceleration of the particle comes
to be negative.

iii) t =−1.2s

For this time interval, x is negative. Hence, the slope of the x-t plot will be negative. Thus, both x and
t are negative, the velocity comes to be positive. From equation (i), it can be interpreted that the
acceleration of the particle will be positive.

4. On a long horizontally moving belt (figure), a child runs to and fro with a speed 9 km/hr

(with respect to the belt) between his father and mother located 50 m apart on the moving belt.
The belt moves with a speed of 4 km h1

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

For an observer on a stationary platform outside, what is the

a) Speed of the child running in the direction of motion of the belt?

Ans: As the boy is running in the same direction of the motion of the belt, his speed (as observed by
the stationary observer) will be:

vbB = vb + vB = 9 + 4 = 13 km/h

b) Speed of the child running opposite to the direction of motion of the belt?

Ans: As the boy is running in the direction opposite to the direction of the motion of the belt, his
speed (as observed by the stationary observer) can be obtained as:

vbB = vb + (−vB )= 9−4 = 5km/h

c) Time taken by the child in (a) and (b)? Which of the answers alter if motion is viewed by one of the
parents?

Ans: We know that:

Distance between the child′s parents = 50 m

Since, both parents are standing on the moving belt, the speed of the child in either direction as
observed by the parents will remain the same i.e., 9 km/h = 2.5 m/s

. Thus, the time taken by the child to move towards one of his parents is 50/2.5 = 20s

. If the motion is viewed by any one of the parents, answers obtained in (a) and (b) get altered. This
is because the child and his parents are standing on the same belt and hence, are equally affected by
the motion of the belt. Therefore, for both parents (irrespective of the direction of motion) the
speed of the child remains the same i.e., 9 km/h

. Therefore, it can be interpreted that the time taken by the child to reach any one of his parents
remains unaltered.

5. Two towns A and B are connected by regular bus service with a bus leaving in either direction
every T minutes. A man cycling with a speed of 20 km/hr
 in the direction A to B notices that a bus goes past him every 18 min in the direction of his motion,
and every 6 min in the opposite direction. What is the period T of the bus service and with what
speed (assumed constant) do the buses ply on the road?

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Consider V to be the speed of the bus running between towns A and B.

Speed of the cyclist is v=20 km/hr

The relative speed of the bus moving in the direction of the cyclist will be V−v=(V−20)m/s

The bus went past the cyclist every 18

min i.e., 18 / 60 h

(when he moves in the direction of the bus).

Hence, distance covered by the bus = (V − 20) × 18 / 60 km

...... (i)

As one bus leaves after every T minutes, the distance travelled by the bus will be =V × T / 60

...... (ii)

As equations (i) and (ii) are equal.

(V − 20) × 18 / 60 = VT / 60

...... (iii)

Relative speed of the bus moving in the opposite direction of the cyclist will be (V + 20) km/h

.
Thus, time taken by the bus to go past the cyclist = 6 min = 6 / 60 hr

⇒(V + 20)×6 / 60 = VT / 60

...... (iv)

From (iii) and (iv), we get

(V + 20) × 6 / 60 = (V − 20) × 18 / 60

V + 20 = 3V 60

2V = 80

V = 40 km/h

, which is the required speed.

Substituting the value of V in equation (iv),

(40 + 20) × 6 / 60 = 40T / 60

T = 360 / 40 = 9 min

, which is the required time period.

6. Figure gives a speed-time graph of a particle in motion along a constant direction. Three equal
intervals of time are shown. In which interval is the average acceleration greatest in magnitude? In
which interval is the average speed greatest? Choosing the positive direction as the constant
direction of motion, give the signs of v and a in the three intervals. What are the accelerations at
points A, B, C, and D?

Ans: From the graph given in the question,

Average acceleration is greatest in interval 2

Average speed is greatest in intervals of 3

v is positive for intervals 1, 2

, and 3

a is positive for intervals 1

&3

and negative in interval 2

a=0

at A, B, C, D

Acceleration is calculated as the slope of the speed-time graph. In the given case, it is given by the
slope of the speed-time graph within the given interval of time.

As the slope of the given speed-time graph is maximum in interval 2

, average acceleration will be the greatest in this interval.

From the time-axis, the height of the curve gives the average speed of the particle. It is clear that the
height is the greatest in interval 3. Thus, the average speed of the particle is the greatest in the
interval 3

.
For interval 1

The slope of the speed-time graph is positive. Hence, acceleration is positive. Similarly, the speed of
the particle is positive in this interval.

In interval 2

As the slope of the speed-time graph is negative, acceleration is negative in this interval. However,
speed is positive because it is a scalar quantity.

In interval 3

As the slope of the speed-time graph is zero, acceleration is zero in this interval.

However, here the particle acquires some uniform speed. It is positive in this interval.

Points A, B, C, and D are all parallel to the time axis. Thus, the slope is zero at these points.

Therefore, at points A, B, C, and D, the acceleration of the particle is zero.

5 Marks Questions

1. Velocity time graph of a moving particle is shown. Find the displacement (1) 0 – 4 s (2) 0 – 8 (3) 0
12 s from the graph. Also, write the differences between distance and displacement.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: Considering the graph given in the question,

(1) Displacement for the interval (0 4) s

S1 = area of OABD

S1 = 15×4 = 60 m

(2) Displacement for the interval (0 8)s

S2 = S1 + area (CDEF)

S2 = 60 + (−5) 4 = 60 −20 = 40m

(3) Displacement for the interval (0 12)s

S3 = S1 + area (CDEF) + area (FGHI)

S3 = 60 20 + 40 = 80m

Differences between distance and displacement are:

2. A player throws a ball upwards with an initial speed of 29.4 m/s

a) What is the direction of acceleration during the upward motion of the ball?

Ans: Acceleration of the ball (which is actually acceleration due to gravity) always acts in the
downward direction towards the center of the Earth, irrespective of the direction of the motion of
the ball.

b) What are the velocity and acceleration of the ball at the highest point of its motion?

Ans: Acceleration due to gravity at a given place is constant and acts on the ball at all points
(including the highest point) with a constant value i.e., g = 9.8 m/s2

. At maximum height, velocity of the ball becomes zero.

c) Choose the x = 0 m and t = 0 s to be the location and time of the ball at its highest point, vertically
downward direction to be the positive direction of the x-axis, and give the signs of position, velocity,
and acceleration of the ball during its upward, and downward motion.

Ans: The sign of position is positive, a sign of velocity is negative, and a sign of acceleration is positive
during upward motion. During downward motion, the signs of position, velocity, and acceleration are
all positive.

d) To what height does the ball rise and after how long does the ball return to the player’s hands?
(Take g = 9.8 m/s2

and neglect air resistance).

Ans: Initial velocity of the ball, u = 29.4 m/s

.
Final velocity of the ball, v = 0

(At maximum height, the velocity of the ball becomes zero)

Acceleration, a=g =9.8 m/s2

From first equation of motion,

v=u+at

0=−29.4+(9.8)t

t=29.49.8=3s

Time of ascent = Time of descent

Hence, the total time taken by the ball to return to the player’s hands = 3 + 3 = 6 s

3. A ball is dropped from a height of 90 m on a floor. At each collision with the floor, the ball loses
one tenth of its speed. Plot the speed-time graph of its motion between t = 0 to 12 s

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Ball is dropped from a height of s = 90 m

Initial velocity of the ball is u = 0

.

Acceleration is a=g=9.8m/s2

Consider,

Final velocity of the ball to be v.

Using second equation of motion, time (t) taken by the ball to hit the ground can be obtained

as:

s=ut+(1/2)at2

90=0+(1/2)9.8t2

t=18.38−−−−√=4.29s

Using, first equation of motion, final velocity is given as:

v=u+at

v=0+9.8(4.29)=42.04m/s

Rebound velocity of the ball is calculated as:

ur=9v/10=9(42.0410)=37.84m/s

Time (t) taken by the ball to reach maximum height is obtained with the help of first equation of
motion as:
v=ur+at′

0=37.84+(−9.8)t′

t′=37.84/9.8=3.86s

Total time taken by the ball will be t+t′=4.29+3.86=8.15s

As the time of ascent is equal to the time of descent, the ball takes 3.86 s

to strike back on the floor for the second time.

The velocity with which the ball rebounds from the floor will be ur=9v/10=9(37.8410)=34.05m/s

The total time taken by the ball for the second rebound will be t+t′=8.15+3.86=12.01s

The speed-time graph of the ball is represented in the given figure as:

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

4. A man walks on a straight road from his home to a market 2.5 km away with a speed of 5 km/hr

. Finding the market closed, he instantly turns and walks back home with a speed of 7.5 km/hr

. What is the

(a) the magnitude of average velocity, and

(b) the average speed of the man over the interval of time (i) 0 to 30 min, (ii) 0 to 50 min, (iii) 0 to 40
min? (Note: You will appreciate from this exercise why it is better to define average speed as total
path length divided by time, and not as the magnitude of average velocity. You would not like to tell
the tired man on his return home that his average speed was zero)

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Time taken by the man to reach the market from home is t1=2.5/5=1/2hr=30min

Time taken by the man to reach home from the market is t2=2.5/7.5=1/3hr=20min

Total time taken in the whole journey = 30 + 20 = 50 min

i) 0 to 30 min

Average velocity = Displacement/Time

Average speed = Distance/Time

ii) 0 to 50 min

Time = 50 min = 50/60 = 5/6 h

Net displacement = 0
Total distance = 2.5 + 2.5 = 5 km

Average velocity = Displacement / Time = 0

Average speed = Distance / Time = 5/(5/6) = 6 km/h

iii) 0 to 40 min

Speed of the man = 7.5 km/h

Distance travelled in first 30 min = 2.5 km

Distance travelled by the man (from market to home) in the next 10 min

= 7.5 × 10/60 = 1.25 km

Net displacement = 2.5 1.25 = 1.25 km

Total distance travelled = 2.5 + 1.25 = 3.75 km

Average velocity = Displacement / Time = 1.25 / (40/60) = 1.875 km/h

Average speed = Distance / Time = 3.75 / (40/60) = 5.625 km/h

5. A three-wheeler starts from rest, accelerates uniformly with 1 m/s2

on a straight road for 10 s, and then moves with uniform velocity. Plot the distance covered by the
vehicle during the nth second (n = 1,2,3....) versus n. What do you expect this plot to be during
accelerated motion: a straight line or a parabola?

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Initial velocity=u=0m/s

Acceleration=a=1m/s2

Distance covered by a body in nth second is given by the relation

sn=u+(2n−1)a/2

Hence,

sn=(2n−1)/2=n−1/2

…… (1)

In this case, this relation shows that: sn

linearly varies with n.

Now, substituting different values of n in equation (1), we get the following table:
The plot between n and will be a straight line shown in below figure:

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

6. Two stones are thrown up simultaneously from the edge of a cliff 200 m high with initial speeds of
15m/s

and 30m/s

. Verify that the graph shown in the figure correctly represents the time variation of the relative
position of the second stone with respect to the first. Neglect air resistance and assume that the
stones do not rebound after hitting the ground. Take g = 10m/s2
. Give the equations for the linear and curved parts of the plot.

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: In the above question it is given that:

Initial velocity u1=15m/s

Acceleration, a=−g=−10m/s2

Using the relation,

x1=x0+u1t+(1/2)at2

Where, height of the cliff, x0=200m

x1=200+15t−5t2

….. (1)

When this stone hits the ground, x1=0m

∴−5t2+15t+200=0

t2−3t−40=0
t2−8t+5t−40=0

(t−8)(t+5)=0

∴t=8,−5

Hence, t=8s

For second stone:

Initial velocity, u2=30m/s

Acceleration, a=−g=−10m/s2

Using the relation,

x2=x0+u2t+(1/2)at2

Where, height of the cliff, x0=200m

x2=200+30t−5t2

….. (2)

When this stone hits the ground, x2=0m

∴−5t2+30t+200=0
t2−6t−40=0

t2−10t+4t−40=0

(t−10)(t+4)=0

∴t=10,−4

Hence, t=10s

Subtracting equations (i) and (ii), we get

x2−x1=(200+30t−5t2)−(200+15t−5t2)

x2−x1=15t

…… (3)

Equation (3) represents the linear path of both stones. Due to this linear relation between x2−x1

and t, the path remains a straight line till 8 s

(x2−x1)max=15×8=120m

This is in accordance with the given graph.

After 8 s, only a second stone is in motion whose variation with time is given by the quadratic
equation: x2−x1=200+30t−5t2

.
Hence, the equation of linear path is x2−x1=15t

and curved path is x2−x1=200+30t−5t2

7. The speed-time graph of a particle moving along a fixed direction is shown in the figure. Obtain
the distance traversed by the particle between (a)0s to 10s

, (b) 2s to 6s. What is the average speed of the particle over the intervals in (a) and (b)?

(Image Will Be Updated Soon)

Ans: From the graph given in the question:

(a) Distance travelled by the particle = Area under the given graph

=(1/2)×(10−0)×(12−0)=60m

Average speed=Distance/Time=60/10=6m/s

(b) Let s1

and s2

be the distances covered by the particle between time t = 2 s

to 5 s

and t = 5 s

to 6 s

respectively.

Total distance (s) covered by the particle in time t = 2 s

 to 6 s

will be:

s=s1+s2

…… (i)

For distance s1

Let u′ be the velocity of the particle after 2 s

and a’ be the acceleration of the particle for t=0s to 5s

Since the particle undergoes uniform acceleration in the interval t=0s to 5s

, from first equation of motion, acceleration can be obtained as:

v=u+at

Where,

v = Final velocity of the particle

a′=12/5=2.4m/s2

Again, from first equation of motion, we have

v=u+at

=0+2.4×2=4.8m/s
Distance travelled by the particle between time 2 s

and 5 s

i.e., in 3 s

will be:

s1=u′t+(1/2)a′t2

=4.8(3)+(1/2)×2.4×32=25.2m

…… (ii)

For distance s2

Let a’’ be the acceleration of the particle between time t=5s and t=10s

From first equation of motion,

v=u+at

0=12+a′′×5

a′′=−2.4m/s2

Distance travelled by the particle in 1s (i.e., t = 5s

to 6s

s2=u′′t+(1/2)a′′t2

=12×1+(1/2)(−2.4)×(1)2=10.8m
 …… (iii)

From equations (i), (ii), and (iii), we get:

s=25.2+10.8=36m

Hence, Average speed = 36 / 4 = 9 m/s

Important Questions of Chapter 13 Class 11 Physics - Free Pdf Download

Students who are weak in physics and do not have a strong core knowledge might find the chapter
motion in a straight line difficult. The chapter is full of theories and concepts which can be difficult to
grasp and it will be a hindrance for them to achieve good marks. Students need to try and avoid this
problem and score good marks in the subject. One of the best ways to overcome such a problem is to
study and practice. Students should take time and solve the class 11 physics chapter 3 important
questions, an exercise which will help students get the marks they deserve. Students should study
theories as well as practice the practical aspects of the chapter. Physics Class 11 chapter 3 important
questions is a section which will help students test their knowledge of the chapter. This will make the
students regular and efficient to write the exam.

Students should take the help of physics class 11 chapter 3 important questions after they finish
studying the chapter. It's going to be helpful and useful for them. The important questions for class
11 physics chapter 3 are available on the Vedantu site for free. The downloaded CBSE class 11
chapter 3 important questions are an important guide for all the students of class 11.

Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Important Questions

Students will learn about the concepts and theories of motion in a straight line when they study
chapter 3 of class 11 in physics. It's an activity which is going to help students understand and gain
knowledge about the important questions of chapter 3 physics class 11. Some of the knowledge that
the students will learn is as follows:

Motion: One of the most important topics in the chapter of motion in a straight line is motion.
Everything in the solar system moves. It is said that an object is in motion if it changes its position
from place to another with time. Motion is a relative concept and a body is always in relative motion
if it is changing positions. There are two main branches in physics which teach the concept of
motion. The two concepts are as follows:
Kinematics - Kinematics is the concept which describes the motion of objects. It doesn't look at the
cause of the motion.

Dynamics - Dynamics is the concept which describes the motion of the object to the force which is
causing the motion.

Point Object - Point objects refer to the length covered by objects. When the length covered by an
object is more or larger in comparison to the size of the object, the object is said to be a point object.
An example of a point object is when the railway carriage goes from point a to b without any jerk.

Total Path Length - Total Path Length refers to the distance covered by an object. It refers to the
length of actual path traversed between a particular object in motion. The measurement of the
distance is from the initial point to the final position of the object.

Types of Motion - An important topic which is the part of the motion in a straight line is the type of
motion. It is important to know the specific position of an object. We need to know the coordinate
positions of the object. The number of coordinate positions may vary between different kinds of
objects. Sometimes there are two coordinates or three coordinates. Here is the classification of
motion based on different coordinates:

One-Dimensional Motion: When an object moves in a straight line or along a path is said to be in
one-dimensional motion. An example of one-dimensional motion is a freely falling body under
gravity.

Two-Dimensional Motion: An object moves in a plane undergoes two-dimensional motion. An

example of two-dimensional motion is carrom board coins.

Three-Dimensional Motion: An object moving in space undergoes three-dimensional motion. An

example of three-dimensional motion is the motion of an aeroplane.

Displacement: It is an important topic under the topic of motion in a straight line. Displacement is an
object at a given time or the change in the position of the direction of the object during that time. It
is a vector drawn from its starting position to the last position.

Uniform Speed and Uniform Velocity: An object is said to be moving at an uniform speed if it covers
equal distances in equal intervals of time. The intervals of time can be small or big but must be equal.
An object is said to be moving in uniform velocity if it covers an equal amount of displacement in
equal intervals of time. The intervals of time can be small or big but must be equal.

Variable Speed and Variable Velocity: An object is said to move with variable speed if it covers
unequal distances in equal intervals of time. The time interval can be small or large.

An object is said to be moving with variable velocity if it covers an unequal amount of displacement
in equal intervals of time. The intervals of time can be small or big.