PAGE NO

A S$qnment - DATE

Modul 4

1 Defpne fern? fetar Enplorm the oliperlena

tempectus oh the fem? fator
enegy
An$g
The Fem? -Dirac deshsbuon, ten eed to
as the Femmi fltos, It chsersbey the
hat a auatun state at given enegy lewee
Asten ferming ñ aeupt ed at a
Spel?e tempelatue. Dt clnoted fee),
ahere t fhe
ATa

The Fenn? fa chor feercttsn s cxpresed ays

fcE)
2
lhee 6
engergy Sate
cs he cheical potn heu

Ts the tmpeatuue
Depenane n ehegy omd Teapeatue 3s

EneLgy oupenclna :
Prccluut tepelatue onl Botzmn

2high probakilbty eoupatre for lao-eney

 PAGE NO
DATE

Athe eneeqy approqheg (o) exeroy the Tempeatuie?

Chemtcal potoel E 4)he Fermi ato
ceeeaseg rapelly toundg ondicatmg q The reTstfvity ) a upey
Cruttoy
Sharply the tempeatwe approkey
of4fcal Tempeatye (%) he
dacay
7emp esetee ependene 3 A
dle nomirtory eponentel ters bebey teye ma Supyclutos Can be cdejenbed
too

hyehes tempeatsy, he lehibuvo

At Tempelatue above the Cstca
bebmeg Srothe, ool he er?ifastor
supescocluto behavey tempera
a a nommt ondeis

2Defie BupercomdleutpN ty ogd Cial tenpesaty

Expe eiann osiey Sypeyla typreal mlalre beavo.
fupe conleectors htoo
Qupes concluthng sae (Below t) T ]
Beloo the CHtPal tempesates Hhe
The pherontron sdtlen"eli~agets
eleebical ressjon lo in a maral, kien ct
esSrivity diops abr Buddeny
1s cooled beloeo e Cesfo tpelate The sepeg toxdutor entsf a hase ith
pefck Corductivity
ftical. Tempeatye
Tbe tmp esase at ulhuls o

Anoon ay ettcal tempatye. ).

 AGE NO
DATE

pfhntiate Bo TYPe I orrd ype )

&3iate amd., Explos, mejghrerf et. TYPeI ) Sft Supes Condutors TYPe -I G) Hod Supeserdutsy
^upecort1.
Melssnes efect -enthibRj Complate Melssney
DTedoeg ot ehât a
7he erpugioma magnche freld fon the Efeet. lond
/nesior a matesial nais othe proess
2.They ase campliely |7hy ae not
nmtely
duipnynthe dungni
Caneusbing Stateyolaud o a wniorm maprh Ex3 Nb -Zr, Nb-Tf, Netn,
flux dnsy B, themagoehe tey
fore peretrat through the mtyal ag lon MeUy, ete. k-Ghay ete

NCS
Ha

H
He He He

5
The valee He is
H>Hc
(a)Nermat uonluusiny
csHtal
6.
They have only hey have too
HoubeY wWhen the pjal lg, cooud beloo
tcal mafneh'e feld agnete dd vales .
vale Laoei Citital eenetc
The magnett fix (He He) origirally preunt Held De]md ngley
mthe pecimen l pushed e t on the CHHcal magntt #elod
Hea).
M?xecl shat Pregent.
No mxed Sate
 DATE

eselfnqm a
Thege a calla Hauol
chomg n the cital Cunt
pes corcluctors Supes torlutorg ensitte
Magrie feld o
measements.
RF SbIDs
dos troy the destroy He

upereomlueetig SupeLlondusuny
+ tons 8tf a tupee Concutng toep wr
a seseph Sow 3unHon huntd by a capaik:
abrptya qiadualy The
The Shundtn copathr 7mtraduag
Desersb e De ad R E u c . s h
Gfel ols af RF
athe JD to detett mpee
t Stonds for Supeycon dsg
Suanttm întefesene Dev?le - Precfse measule bments q RE magnettc fietd g
utya-sersihve Fnshunen le neceKay ,Baeb magpetc rtonn
used to measule Vey weak magnetc frl
tme ordes o ofesla
Pnpus Joiephson Hfeet
Dese ph Son Jinihon

De SUID.
DoP inkrUpted by oDJosephson
Kunctionß. lhen &uheed to on erfunal Vhe oo supedeussunt dlhout rIfame
hrough he loop Cauplsia thange, % He
Iphesk clifHena acveS hejunihn
 1+
Wheh
to |
csed
hunl raqre
te zattor vuanti
Jo> lt lhen ahe
phlnmtnon êrnonsraes
the
thejunto,
auro aoros applid i
Symbol Cir?t esnston4 whenla happens 4
eet Josephson De
X=o ceeser Poude De
RepresDtabo% Mamx
toD.1'nd1 to O
aat
zaliaho mleo too to
iaoly feet Wave Th
eld. nagretk externalthe
appul ory whout Supescesent cSlattn9
Notqute. Ckuthne junetiony he, acvess applid
forirtplu Tllusratt
the
MoDULE
-3
DATE
NO
PAGE
 PAGE NO;
DATE

Opescton:(
ulhen 14
fupes postim ptate,
|1amsformi to lo
lhen It actng on o
Xl o =

Truth Table hen lt I_

Trput Dutput

DPSeys the Paule x,4md

trels opeLation
The paullx-, puulty) Ruls ztes a
unolanen tal

Paull-x -gate (Gx mNoT jare):ii geuput

t's aShAlas to e cosieat Nor gak,

Mabfx Fom Alo+s

 PAGE NO
DATE Rll-z- Gate Coz)
t l t t r thePhase t e oult

Paul?- - Gatt (oy)

Mab Pem
Circui+

ORlattnse

Phase

when t aing n l0>

eJiitaoyfom to -)o>
When 14 is aeting on l0
zl

-fo
|
ulhen,rt is aetsng o Bepe posihon ae

Ln pet
Dutpl
Input
lo-Rli>
-(?R lo - 7 )
 PAGE NO
DATE

Tuth Jabh

3 pesobt the phast gate along

talble.
Ln p t
Repesntato omd utn
Phese gate e
OUtput
-Ar |4
Ihe phase te ten note os on lotB)1
Rz(n/2)'
/ ous li ent fn pat jates.
CNoT gate
Mabsy Regentatio Circust okol3
|at Jas

Jb Jatb>
Pesat'ong CoT Grak
Tbe cNOT C Controlled-NoT) ate cs a teoo
e aeonti lorprg that
perforng a NoT operatsn (Bit Aip)
tget acebity but only uthen Hre ton po|

lo Maps frn
CNOT =

epesations3
l = The tohol dkit

Output6 lo (urchangec
 pACGE NO

DATE

Tofto gate 1 a
3-bit gate n quartum
The Conol vbit 1$ lo>;So on NoT
1peformed Opesaton on the target abjcg
Jhen both Eomhrol vLbi7 a
3
Mabsxont
Toffole= |

aNoT opesahbo on the tasqef Vubii

In put OPelattorns
Joo
los

tto>

9 5>plo the matfx on ond felation

Tofolo ate. tput
la
Tnput
o00
|b
ol6>
je> cab
loo

tius
|t10>
 PAGE NO
DATE

MODULE -57
1 A Joafn cbect io onm anßnatin hasa dhst fam pau though ous.
degernu o-s m ml the frst soo n home osr
Caleutak the ay clutne ant he nmbei

Ghweng e Frst frome clytnll =0-s mtey a sens

ayantmah on inuey hat ao

Midde the mohon,

lets denott Fnstt fronme dytan ag D,
rterey adfugtng thetrning to stimujaje
DslDu-,

&ats HCs. 2|l yhete the oela vule on belel

qele rmulhpbeg whe sui fabla Cnompls.
Da = os-0-3S

Npene D, 4 Desefpive Vb InferenHal ShH4s

43 DescapHve stattstHcf nVolve fumooiz
cleseribing dave, e Dnfeuntial shsmeg
DIscuys tming 17 volve rakPng predlLong ore somol.
mfsena.
uta Po pulat
Cbout boseg
Arye1. len eas Mottsn e
Deses pHhve stahHes provde tnfamatan
lt involveg Constrot Speedond dutor
Tininy essental to cale asnedh one whle ntesnHal BtargHcs help chraus
rearshe oo ensusfg thal hemton Coneluson abouta eyepyutaton og
pryre%s at a consitent vatt. !
9. Uniorm Mottong
hee
 PAGE NO
DATE CATE

n he ao Both the Chasaeles '$ feet ae

The cdd Rule si bSeo to snd a mi5o No.
&elehng the mdole unbey
woeo.
The mKmg oo L411 th mldo Wo
onls9-cheaee tout hes he gound and
|bends hneef to Yeyn to e ohb
odo ue mmlhplesy ase appied ohey
miLtiplyng o se oztons eouttve ola DI stuss the kalternt deatusey o domal
nHeges. sate that hhe r u t stsbutton belcusles .
18 Bell -Shapcd usvee

oy asmmead bee Shaprel lesve.

melipes doesn'tappylreety MutHR
preauent value, h vahuy trenlytaplrg
of on eethes sjl.
Qeton lhese the 24 Cenal Tendnty
md ecrh the Chasaeey ft ecve He
the same t e .

prepaettolor
ale mior lmags.
Takeo - hasae peyhes cip Jtond
Phy preg hat the daa y caraly
olspesed on bots scley hy uesas.
 &5The
6
AsymptoC
yarlsS s
|4s 68-
)=
et byaondom Area
6tweni
d=4 clercetto.
Both
(xI<)eA P numby
total
The hefalls G
noley clato data

pasteu o
aleo-ah
reneserttrg
theto al he all7 fall7
eese
wiin whln
ermtea
use
¿l33321a
ntvs 25Ds
tehg 1sD DATE PAGENO

endper
a
foueh
meam

O-ol83,
appoNmapeley

ond

the
DebT33.
prokakdHy

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