Air Quality Management & Monitoring

(Ambient & Source Sampling)

Thou Shall not Pollute the Air …

 ALTERNATE
Resource Person

TRAINER PROFILE
Daizy S. Alcoba is a Licensed Chemical Engr. with 17
years of working experience as Pollution Control Officer
 RATIONALE :

“The right to breathe clean air.”

RULE V, Section 1 of DAO 2000-81

-Recognition of our Constitutional Rights

Love Canal Incident in New York, U.S.A
Why environmental monitoring is important?

❑ to create a baseline for the impact of industrial pollutant

❑ analyze trends & patterns of the presence of air pollutants in the atmosphere.
❑ evaluate the company’s environmental performance with respect to
regulations and standards.
 Tech. def. of Air Pollution

❑Any chemical,
particulate matter,
biological or residual Great London Smog of 1952 Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster
energy (noise, thermal,
vibration, radioactive) that
modifies the natural
character of the
atmosphere
❑Those that are currently
identified in the RA
8749, from the mobile &
stationary sources

Bhopal Gas Tragedy 1984 Burning of the Oil Fields

Why is good air quality important?

We don’t want this to happen…

DISPERSION & BIO-ACCUMULATION OF AIRBORN POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT

POLLUTANTS GETS INTO THE FOOD CHAIN

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 New Delhi, India

8
Impacts of Air Pollution on Human Health

Globally, over six million deaths are

linked to indoor and
outdoor pollution due to non-
communicable diseases such as heart
disease, stroke, lung cancer, and
chronic respiratory diseases every
year. In the Philippines, about 1 in 4
deaths are attributed to air pollution.

* Average air intake of a person = 14,000 liters of air /day

Stationary Sources as mandate of DENR-EMB

• APSE or APSI / APCF must have a

valid Permit-to-Operate or
approved Authority to Construct
before implementation.
• Comply with the monitoring
requirements, documentation &
reporting as stipulated in the law
thru the PCO
• Right of entry by EMB to inspect
facility
What are regulated and needs to be
Controlled for Permit to Operate (PTO)
issuance ?

• Particulate Matter (TSP,

PM10 and PM 2.5)
• Sulfur Oxides
• Nitrogen Oxides Generators Grinders, Buffers, Sanders
• Carbon Monoxide
• Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOC)
• Regulated Air toxics /
Hazardous Air Pollutant
(HAPs)- DOLE
• Fugitive emissions from
process, equipment or
materials as stationary
sources…(APSE/APCF)

Batching Plant Painting Booth

Engineering & Scientific Tools for
the PCO in Air Pollution Control

➢ Meteorological science
➢ Combustion engineering
➢ Industrial Ventilation Technology &
Industrial hygiene
➢ Gas and fluid mechanics for hoods,
ducting & flow measurements
➢ Industrial Fan Technology
➢ Physics & Chemistry
➢ Air pollution laws & Health science
➢ Cleaner Production Technology
Topography & Meteorology In Pollutant’s Dispersion

Day time (Sea – Mountains) / Night Time (Mountains – Sea)

Heated Air goes Up Cooler Air Goes down
 AIR QUALITY MNG’T. HEIRARCHY High efficiency & benefits
High Cost

Avoidance (C.P)

Minimization (C.P)

Reduction (C.P)

Treatment

Controls

Disposal/Vent

Low cost ***CP- Cleaner Production

Technology Application
Low efficiency & benefits
Air Venting
Sources @ Food Industry

Kitchen Hoods
 WELDING

*** Arc, TIG, MIG, Gas Weld

 Stand by generators
Mufflers and silencers to Stack vents

Small capacity less than 15 KW Medium – Large Capacity (16 KW- above)
Grinders with built-
in dust collectors

Cutting Machine w/ dust collector

***Furniture, GTH, metal works,

Exporters w/ mixed raw materials

Portable dust collector

Built-in Dust Collection / Control

 Painting Booths

Dry Process

Water Curtain for Air Pollutants Capture & Deposition as Control

Stationary Source : Power & Industrial Plants
 Air Pollution Controls & Treatment (Power , Iron & Steel, Heavy Industries)

SOx Stripping
Air Pollution Controls & Treatment (Cement, Flour, Cereals, etc)

BAG HOUSE FILTER

HOT DIP GALVANIZING PRODUCTION LINE PROVIDED WITH SERIES OF APCF

*** Zinc Bath (laden with Lead)

Air Pollution Treatment (Solid Waste Disposal)
Plasma, Gasification or Pyrolysis as in W2E Technology

Dual Combustion Process

JAO : DENR, DoE, DOST

MINIMIZATION, REDUCTION & AVOIDANCE

Hot Water requirement

➢ Wood fired heater converted to a
Gas or LPG fired heater
➢ Electric water heater
➢ Heat Exchangers
➢ Solar heaters

Surface finishing
➢ Traditional spray gun painting process
to electrostatic painting
➢ Hot dip painting process or Powder
coating process
➢ Change of raw material
➢ Change in product design
*** Proper housekeeping is a must see in any Business or Manufacturing facility ….
Rural setting VS Urban setting
 AIR QUALITY SAMPLING & MONITORING

Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring
Point Source Monitoring ▪ Complaints
▪ Permits ▪ Validation
▪ Report ▪ Modeling
▪ Compliance ▪ Planning
▪ Performance ➢ DENR-EMB and LGU
➢ 3rd party Lab / EMB ➢Proponent as ECC
➢ Proponent condition
 AIR Quality Monitoring/Sampling
1. Stack Sampling
(Source Emissions Monitoring)

2. Ambient Air Sampling

(Ambient Air Quality Monitoring)
 What is Stack Sampling ?(Source Emissions Monitoring)

Sampling Port Installation

Stack sampling or source sampling is a
method of collecting representative
samples of pollutant laden air/gases at
the place of origin of pollutants to
determine the total amount of
pollutants emitted into the atmosphere
from a given source in a given time.

Sampling by the DENR

Accredited an 3rd party Lab

Source Emission Sampling &

Testing
Continuos Emission Monitoring System (CEMs)
 FQA : Establishment category that will undergo stack FQA : Who will conduct your stack sampling?
sampling

✓ DENR Accredited Emission Testing Firm

✓DENR CERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION

Typical Stack Sampling Facility

FQA: When and how many times in a year will a

Category B establishment undergo stack sampling?

✓ Check the condition of your ECC

✓ Check the Environmental Monitoring Plan Sampling is conducted in a three (3) trial run.
✓ Minimum of Twice A Year
✓Continuous thru installation of CEMS
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Stack Sampling Technical Requirements?

❑ Sampling Port Holes

❑ Safe Platform
❑ Safe Equipment Holder
❑ In normal operating
conditions at the time of
sampling (Full load)
Wind Vane – Directional

Ringelmann Chart
Temporary PTO for New Sources or Additional APSI / APCF

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 NOTE : To Secure the
Temporary PTO for
purposes of the 3rd Party
Emission Testing .
STANDARD FORMAT FOR TEST PLANS
Interpretation of Test Results:
 Interpretation of Test Results:

✓ To the Management
✓Concerned Employee /Operators
✓Regulating Agency
 3RD PARTY LABORATORY PROTOCOLS

Method 1—Sample and velocity traverses for stationary sources

Method 2—Determination of stack gas velocity and volumetric flow rate
Method 3—Gas analysis for the determination of dry molecular weight
Method 4—Determination of moisture content in stack gases
Method 5—Determination of particulate matter emissions from stationary
sources
Method 6—Determination of sulfur dioxide emissions from stationary
sources
Method 7—Determination of nitrogen oxide emissions from stationary
sources
Method 8—Determination of sulfuric acid mist and sulfur dioxide emissions
from stationary sources
Method 9—Visual determination of the opacity of emissions from
stationary sources
Method 10—Determination of carbon monoxide emissions from stationary
sources
 AIR QUALITY MONITORING (Ambient Air Sampling)

FQA : Why conduct ambient air sampling?

❑ To check air quality values vs NAAQS
❑ Public health issues & concerns
❑ Verify variations, data base, tool for decision
making, AIRSHED’s carrying capacity
❑ To establish data and use as guide in implementing
programs related to Air Quality
❑ Records is important when there are concerns
raised from the neighbouring communities and
interested parties.
❑ Occupational Health and Safety Aspects / Work
Environment Measurement (WEM)

Ambient Air Monitoring is the systematic, long- term

assessment of pollutant levels by measuring the quantity
and types of certain pollutants in the surrounding,
outdoor air.
HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER
The E-BAM offers the following
advanced features:
1.Accuracy and precision
consistent with US. EPA
Requirements for Class III PM2.5
and PM 10 measurements
2.Real-time, accurate results
without correction factors,
❑Indoor or Outdoor Sampling of regardless of season or
geographic location
Airborne Particulates
3.True ambient sampling provides
❑0-70 cubic feet per minute (cfm) accurate measurement of semi-
❑Spot or continuous monitoring volatile nitrates and organic
❑Portable and lightweight compounds
❑Built-in rotometer for instantaneous
flow reading
❑Total Suspended Particulate (TSP), E-Beta Attenuation Monitoring
❑PM10 and PM2.5 Systems for U.S.
EPA compliance
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National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Air Quality Monitoring Stations in Cebu

AIR QUALITY MODELING

LGU MANDATE : RA 8749 & PD 984
Area Sources
 AREA SOURCE MONITORING

Food Business Operations

Slash & Burn Agri (Kaingin) Open burning of Waste

VOC capture
Uses VOC Anti Smoking
Dumpsites
 Dust -Particulate Matter Generation

Site Stripping Quarrying Operations Demolition Works

Hauling of Materials Pesticide spraying Material’s Stockpile

Private Emission Testing Centers

Vehicle Emission Test

Random Road Side Emission

Monitoring & Testing (DOTr –LTO)

MOBILE SOURCES’
MONITORING and TESTING

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 Ambient Noise – all encompassing noise
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associated with a given environment, being

usually composed of sounds from sources near
and far
 Noise Control Regulations- Presidential Standard Noise Level
Decree No. 984 : Chapter IV Class DAYTIME MORNING & NIGHT TIME
EVENING
Noise – erratic, intermittent, or statistically random
oscillation or any unwanted sound. (Residual Energy) AA 50 db 45 db 40 db

Ambient Noise – all encompassing noise associated with a

given environment, being usually composed of sounds from A 55 db 50 db 45 db
sources near and far.
B 65 db 60 db 55 db
Area Description
AA area which requires quietness, such as areas within
C 70 db 65 db 60 db
100 meters from school sites, nursery schools,
hospitals, and special homes for the aged
D 75 db 70 db 65 db
A area which is primarily used for residential purposes

B area which is primarily used for commercial purposes Sampling Period or Time

Morning - 5:00 am to 9:00 am

C area primarily reserved as a light industrial area Daytime – 9:00 am to 6:00 pm
D Evening – 6:00 pm to 10:00 pm
area which is primarily reserved as a heavy industrial
area Night time – 10:00pm to 5:00 am
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 CLASS AA -- area which requires
quietness, such as areas within 100 meters
from school sites, nursery schools,
hospitals, and special homes for the aged
 CLASS A
- area which is
primarily used for
residential purposes

CLASS B
- area which is
primarily used for
commercial purposes
 CLASS C
- area primarily
reserved as a light
industrial area

CLASS D
- area which is
primarily reserved as a
heavy industrial area
 * Standards are applied to the
arithmetic median of at least seven
readings at the point of maximum noise
level

Example:

45 – 46-48-46-47-45-47
45 – 45-46-46-47-47-48
P.P.E to exposed personnel

Snoring Problems?
MITIGATION & CONTROLS
Noise Meter