6 Special Lines and Centres in a Triangle

Solutions (Basic)
6. ∵ FE = FG, FE ⊥ HE and FG ⊥ HG
6 Special Lines and Centres in a ∴ FH is the angle bisector of GHE.
Triangle (converse of  bisector property)
∴ FHE = FHG
Basic Worksheet 6.1A k = 27
1. ∵ BCA = DCA
∴ AC is the angle bisector of BCD. 7. ∵ PQ = PS, PQ ⊥ QR and PS ⊥ SR
∴ AB = AD ( bisector property) ∴ PR is the angle bisector of QRS.
x + 2 = 18 (converse of  bisector property)
∴ PRQ = PRS
x = 16
2t = 64
t = 32
2. ∵ BAC = DAC
∴ CA is the angle bisector of BAD.
8. ∵ FD = FE, FD ⊥ AB and FE ⊥ BC
∴ BC = CD ( bisector property) ∴ FB is the angle bisector of ABC.
5 x = 35 (converse of  bisector property)
x=7 ∴ ABF = CBF
In △ABC,
3 (a) ∵ BD is the angle bisector of ADC. BAC + ABC + BCA = 180 ( sum of △)
∴ ADB = CDB 55 + 2ABF + 58 = 180
6x − 4 = 5x + 3 2ABF = 67
x=7 ABF = 33.5

9. ∵ DE = DF, DE ⊥ AB and DF ⊥ BC
(b) AB = BC ( bisector property)
∴ DB is the angle bisector of ABC.
= (2 x − 5) cm
(converse of  bisector property)
= [2(7) − 5] cm ∴ CBD = ABD
= 9 cm = 36
∵ AB = CB
4. ADB + CDB + reflex ADC = 360 (s at a pt.) ∴ BAC = BCA (base s, isos. △)
ADB + 60 + 240 = 360 In △ABC,
ADB = 60 BAC + ABC + ACB = 180 ( sum of △)
∵ ADB = CDB BAC + (36 + 36) + BAC = 180
∴ BD is the angle bisector of ADC. 2BAC = 108
∴ BC = AB ( bisector property) BAC = 54
= 19 cm

5. Let E be a point on CD such that BE ⊥ CD. Basic Worksheet 6.1B

1. ∵ AC ⊥ BD and BC = CD
∴ AC is the perpendicular bisector of BD.
∴ AD = AB (⊥ bisector property)
3 x + 2 = 20
3 x = 18
x=6
∵ BD is the angle bisector of ADC.
∴ BE = AB ( bisector property) 2. ∵ PR ⊥ QS and QR = RS
= 8 cm ∴ PR is the perpendicular bisector of QS.
1 ∴ PS = PQ
Area of △BCD =  CD  BE (⊥ bisector property)
2 4a − 1 = 2a + 5
1
=  34  8 cm 2 2a = 6
2
a=3
= 136 cm 2

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 6 Special Lines and Centres in a Triangle
3. (a) ∵ AC ⊥ BD and BC = CD 6. ∵ EF = EH and FG = GH
∴ AC is the perpendicular bisector of BD. ∴ EG is the perpendicular bisector of FH.
∴ AB = AD (⊥ bisector property) (converse of ⊥ bisector property)
2 x + 4 = 4 x − 12 ∴ EGF = 90
16 = 2 x 5 x = 90
x =8 x = 18

(b) AB = (2 x + 4) cm 7. ∵ MN = ON and NP ⊥ MO
∴ NP is the perpendicular bisector of MO.
= [2(8) + 4] cm
(converse of ⊥ bisector property)
= 20 cm ∴ MO = 2MP
1
BC =  BD k = 26
2
1 = 12
=  24 cm
2
= 12 cm 8. ∵ AB = AD and AC ⊥ BD
In △ABC, ∴ AC is the perpendicular bisector of BD.
AC 2 + BC 2 = AB 2 (Pyth. theorem) (converse of ⊥ bisector property)
1
∴ BC =  BD
AC = AB 2 − BC 2 2
= 202 − 122 cm 1
=  30 cm
= 16 cm 2
= 15 cm
In △ABC,
4. (a) ∵ AC ⊥ BD and BC = CD
∴ AC is the perpendicular bisector of BD. AC 2 + BC 2 = AB 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∴ AB = AD (⊥ bisector property) AC = AB 2 − BC 2
3x + 4 = 5 x − 16
= 392 − 152 cm
20 = 2 x
= 36 cm
x = 10

9. In △ABC,
(b) AB = (3x + 4) cm
ABC + ACB = BAE ext.  of △
= [3(10) + 4] cm
ABC + 71 = 142
= 34 cm
ABC = 71
AD = AB
∵ ABC = ACB
= 34 cm ∴ AB = AC sides opp. equal s
In △ABC,
∵ AB = AC and AD ⊥ BC
AC 2 + BC 2 = AB 2 (Pyth. theorem) ∴ AD is the perpendicular
BC = AB 2 − AC 2 bisector of BC. converse of ⊥ bisector
property
= 342 − 302 cm
= 16 cm
CD = BC Basic Worksheet 6.2
= 16 cm 1. (a) Circumcentre
Perimeter of △ABD
= AB + BC + CD + AD (b) Incentre
= (34 + 16 + 16 + 34) cm
2. Incentre Circumcentre
= 100 cm
(a) ✓ ✓
5. ∵ DE is the perpendicular bisector of AC. (b) ✓
∴ CD = AD (⊥ bisector property)
= 20 cm (c) ✓
Area of △ABC
1 3. ∵ I is the incentre of △ABC.
=  AB  CD ∴ CI is the angle bisector of ACB.
2
1 ∴ ACI = BCI
=  (20 + 6)  20 cm 2
2 x = 25
= 260 cm 2

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 6 Special Lines and Centres in a Triangle
In △ABC, ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC and OP ⊥ BC.
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 ( sum of △) ∴ OP is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
55 + (25 + 25) + y = 180 ∴ BP = PC
y = 75 y − 5 = 13
y = 18
4. ∵ I is the incentre of △ABC, ID ⊥ AB and IE ⊥ AC.
∴ ID = IE 9. ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC.
3x = 6 ∴ OB = OC
x=2 2 x = 20
x = 10
5. ∵ I is the incentre of △ABC.
∴ BI and CI are the angle bisectors of ∠ABC and 10. (a) In △ABC,
∠ACB respectively. BAC + ABC + ACB = 180 ( sum of △)
∴ CBI = ABI and BCI = ACI = 26 38 + ABC + 64 = 180
In △ABC, ABC = 78
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 (∠ sum of △)
2CBI + (26 + 26) + 78 = 180 (b) ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC, AD = DB and
2CBI = 50 BE = EC.
CBI = 25 ∴ OD and OE are the perpendicular bisectors of
In △BCI, AB and BC respectively.
BCI + BIC + CBI = 180 (∠ sum of △) ∴ ODB = OEB = 90
26 + BIC + 25 = 180 In polygon ODBE,
OEB + EBD + ODB + DOE = (4 − 2)  180
BIC = 129
( sum of polygon)
90 + 78 + 90 + DOE = 360
6. ∵ I is the incentre of △ABC.
DOE = 102
∴ AI and BI are the angle bisectors of BAC and ABC
respectively.
∴ CAI = BAI = 31 11. ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC, OD ⊥ AC and
ABI = CBI = 27 OE ⊥ AB.
In △ABC, ∴ OD and OE are the perpendicular bisectors of
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 ( sum of △) AC and AB respectively.
∴ AC = 2CD
(27 + 27) + x + (31 + 31) = 180
= 2  15 cm
x = 64
= 30 cm
∵ IG ⊥ AC and IH ⊥ BC AB = 2 BE
∴ IG = IH = 2  8 cm
y =5 = 16 cm
In △ABC,
7. ∵ I is the incentre of △ABC, ID ⊥ AC and IE ⊥ BC. BC 2 = AB 2 + AC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
∴ ID = IE
BC = AB + AC
2 2
∴ IDE = IED (base s, isos. △)
In △DIE, = 162 + 302 cm
DIE + IDE + IED = 180 ( sum of △) = 34 cm
136 + 2IDE = 180
2IDE = 44 12. ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC.
IDE = 22 ∴ OA = OC
IDE + CDE = 90 = 58 cm
22 + CDE = 90 In △OAD,
CDE = 68 AD 2 + OD 2 = OA2 (Pyth. theorem)

AD = OA2 − OD 2
8. ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC and AQ = QC.
= 582 − 422 cm
∴ OQ is the perpendicular bisector of AC.
∴ OQC = 90 = 40 cm
x = 90 ∵ O is the circumcentre of △ABC and OD ⊥ AB.
∴ OD is the perpendicular bisector of AB.
∴ AB = 2 AD
= 2  40 cm
= 80 cm

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 6 Special Lines and Centres in a Triangle
∵ ACB = DBC
Basic Worksheet 6.3 ∴ BD = CD sides opp. equal s
1. (a) AE ∵ AD = BD and BD = CD
∴ AD = CD
(b) BD ∴ BD is a median of △ABC.

2. (a) Centroid 9. ∵ G is the centroid of △ABC.

∴ AB = 2 AD
(b) Orthocentre
= 2  15 cm
3. Centroid Orthocentre = 30 cm
AC = 2 AF
(a) ✓ ✓
= 2  22 cm
(b) ✓ = 44 cm
and BC = 2 BE
(c) ✓ = 2  23 cm
= 46 cm
4. ∵ AD is a median of △ABC.
Perimeter of △ABC = AB + AC + BC
∴ CD = BD
= (30 + 44 + 46) cm
x=8
= 120 cm

5. ∵ BD is an altitude of △ABC.
10. (a) ∵ H is the orthocentre of △ABC.
∴ BDC = 90
∴ AEB = 90
In △ABD,
In △AEC,
BAD + ABD = BDC (ext.  of △)
EAC + ACB = AEB (ext.  of △)
32 + 2 x = 90 EAC + 61 = 90
2 x = 58
EAC = 29
x = 29
(b) ∵ H is the orthocentre of △ABC.
6. ∵ CD is a median of △ABC. ∴ AEC = BDC = 90
∴ BD = AD = 6 cm In polygon CDHE,
AC = AB = (6 + 6) cm = 12 cm DHE + HEC + ECD + CDH = (4 − 2)  180
Perimeter of △ABC = AB + BC + AC ( sum of polygon)
= (12 + 9 + 12) cm DHE + 90 + 61 + 90 = 360
= 33 cm DHE = 119

7. ∵ AD is an altitude of △ABC.
∴ ADC = 90
In △ADC,
∵ AD = CD
∴ CAD = DCA (base ∠s, isos. △)
ADC + DCA + CAD = 180 (∠ sum of △)
90 + 2DCA = 180
DCA = 45
In △ABC,
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180 (∠ sum of △)
72 + 45 + BAC = 180
BAC = 63

8. Let BAD = x .
In △ABC,
ABC + ACB + BAC = 180  sum of △
90 + ACB + x = 180
ACB = 90 − x
In △ABD,
∵ AD = BD
∴ DBA = BAD base ∠s, isos. △
=x
DBC = ABC − DBA
= 90 − x

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