SECTION – 6 EXCAVATIONS FOR WATER SUPPLY LINES AND APPURTENANCES

6.1 DESCRIPTION

The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all plant. Labour, equipment,
appliances, and materials and performing all operations in connection with excavations, trenching and back
filling for water lines and appurtenances in strict accordance with this section of the specifications and the
applicable drawings, and subject to the terms and conditions of the contract.

6.2 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

The sites of all excavations shall be cleared of all shrubs, plants, bushes, large roots, rubbish and other surface
materials. All such materials shall be removed and disposed off in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer. All
trees and shrubbery that are designated by the Engineer to remain shall be adequately protected and preserved
in an approved manner.

6.3 EXCAVATION

6.3.1 General

All excavation of whatever substance encountered shall be performed to the depths indicated or as otherwise
specified. During excavation, material suitable for backfilling shall be stockpiled in an orderly manner at a
sufficient distance from the banks of the excavation to avoid overloading and to prevent sides from caving. All
excavated material unsuitable or not required for backfill shall be removed and wasted at a location approved by
the Engineer. Excavation in the streets shall be done in such a manner that street passage is not blocked by
excavated material. Grading shall be done as may be necessary to prevent surface water from flowing into
trenches or other excavations, and any water accumulated therein shall be removed by pumping or by other
approved methods. Unless otherwise indicated or approved by the Engineer, excavation shall be open cut.

6.3.2 Trench Excavation

Unless otherwise directed or permitted by the Engineer not more than 500 of any trench in advance of the end
of the pipeline already laid shall be opened at any time, unless otherwise directed or permitted by the Engineer
not more than 1000 ft. of any one trench shall be worked on at a time from removal of pavement bottom, not
exceeding 6 feet in depth shall be a maximum of 20 inches plus the external diameter of the pipe barrel and the
width of the trench exceeding 6 feet in depth shall be maximum 30” plus external diameter of the pipe barrel.
The banks of the pipe trench shall be as nearly vertical as practicable. Bell holes and depressions for joints shall
rest on the prepared bottom for its full length. Bell holes and depressions hall be only of such length, depth, and
width as required for properly making the particular type of joints. Stones shall be removed to avoid point
bearing. Whenever wet or otherwise unstable material that is incapable of properly supporting the pipe as
determined by the Engineer is encountered in the bottom of the trench, such material shall be removed to the
depth required and the trench backfilled to the proper grade with coarse sand, or other suitable approved
granular material. Such replacement of unsuitable material shall be paid for at the contract unit price for that
item of work. trenches shall be of a depth to provide a maximum cover, over the top of the pipe, of 30” from the
existing ground surface or finished grade whichever is closer except that trenches for pipe laid in lanes and
alleys of narrow traveled way (average width of 8 feet) or less between structures) shall be of a depth to provide
a minimum cover, over the top of the pipe, of 18” from the existing ground surface or finished grade whichever is
closer.

6.3.3 Excavation for Appurtenances

Excavation for appurtenances shall be sufficient to leave at least 12” but not more than 24” between the outer
surface and the embankment or timber that may be used to hold and protect the banks, any over-depth
excavation below such appurtenances that has not been directed the Engineer will be considered unauthorized
and shall be refilled with compacted sand gravel or concrete, as directed by the Engineer at no additional cost to
the Owner.

6.3.4 Maintenance of Excavation

All excavation shall be properly maintained while they are open and exposed. Sufficient suitable barricades,
warning lights, flood lights, signs, and similar items shall be provided by the Contractor. The Contractor shall be
responsible fro any damage due to this negligence.

6.3.5 Removal of Water

The Contractor shall build all drains and do ditching, pumping, well pointing, bailing, and all other work
necessary to keep the excavation clear of ground water, sewage and storm water during the progress of the

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 work and until the finished work is sage from injury. All water pumped or drained from the work shall be
disposed of in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer and necessary precautions against flooding shall be taken.

6.3.6 Sheeting and Bracing

If ordinary open-cut excavation is not possible or advisable, sheeting and bracking shall be finished to the work
and to provide working conditions which are sage. The Contractor shall furnish and place all sheeting, shorting,
wall braces, timbers and similar items, necessary for the safety of the work, the general public and adjacent
property. Sheeting shoring and bracing shall be removed as the working progresses and in such a manner as to
prevent damage to finished work and adjacent structures and property. As soon s withdrawn, all voids left by the
sheeting and bracing shall be carefully filled with sand and compacted. The Contractor shall be fully responsible
for the safety of work in progress, for the finished work; the workmen, the public and adjacent property.

6.3.7 Protection of Facilities

Existing subsurface facilities likely to be encountered during the execution of work require special precaution for
the protection, such as sewers, drain pipes, water main, conduits and electric cables and the foundations of
adjacent structures. The Contractor shall be responsible for the damage of any such facility and shall repair the
same at his expense whether or not this facility has been shown on the drawings.

6.3.8 Surplus Materials

All surplus materials shall be disposed off at locations approved by the Engineer disposal of surplus material
shall not interfere with other works and shall not damage or spoil other material. When it is necessary to haul
earth or the material over street or payment, the Contractor shall prevent such material from on the street or
payment.

6.3.9 Cutting Payment

In cutting or breaking street surfacing, the contractor shall not use equipment which will damage the adjacent
payment. Existing paved surfaces shall be cut back beyond the edges of the trenches to form neat square cuts.
The road ballast, brick pavement, and other materials shall be placed on one side and shall be preserved for
reinstalment when the trench is filled. Wherever necessary or required for the convenience of the public or
individual residents, at street crossings and at private driveways, the Contractor shall provide suitable temporary
bridges over unfilled excavations. All such bridges shall be maintained in service until backfilling has been
completed. The Contractor shall keep the road crossings manned 24 hours per day. During night time, enough
red lights shall be provided ton warn traffic. If detour is necessary, the Contractor shall make proper detour for
the traffic and shall be install signs 3feet by 4 feet in size indicated the detour.

6.4 BACKFILLING

The trenches shall not be completely backfilled until all required pressure tests are performed and until the
water lines as installed conform to the requirements of specifications. Where in he opinion of the Engineer,
damage is likely to result from withdrawing sheeting, shoring the same shall be left in place and cut off at a level
12” below ground surface. Trenches shall be backfilled to the ground surface with selected excavated material
or other material that is suitable for proper compaction. Trenches improperly backfilled shall be reopened to the
depth required for proper compaction, then refilled and compacted to the specified density. The surface shall be
restored to be original or better condition. Pavement and base course disturbed by trenching operations shall be
required.

6.4.1 Lower Portion of Trench

Backfill material shall be deposited in 6” maximum thickness layers and compacted with suitable and hand
tampers to ninety five percent of maximum density until there is a cover of not less than 12” over the water lines.
The backfill material in this portion of trench shall consist of sandy clay or other approved materials free from
stones and humps.

6.4.2 Remaining of Trench

The remainder of the trench shall be backfilled with material that is free from stones larger than 6” in any
dimension. Backfill material shall be compacted to 90 percent of maximum density for cohesive soils and 95
percent of maximum density for others.

6.5 BORROW

Where suitable material for backfill is not available in sufficient quantity from required excavations, suitable
material shall be obtained from approved sources at the contractor’s responsibility. The necessary clearing and
grubbing or borrow areas disposal and burring of debris therefrom the developing of sources including ay

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 access roads for hauling and the necessary right-of-way, and the satisfactory drainage of the borrow shall be
considered as incidental items to be borrow excavation.

6.6 GRADING

After completion of all backfilling operations, the Contractor shall grade the work areas to he lines, grades and
elevation shown on the drawings. Finished grading shall not be done until the installation of all water lines has
been completed and tested. The top surface after completion shall be “in level” to the adjacent existing surface.
Prior to final acceptance all damage due to settlement shall be repaired by and at the expense of the
Contractor.

6.7 TESTING DENSITY OF SOIL IN PLACE

The Engineer may make tests using the calibrated sand cone method/core cutter method to determine the
density of soil in place. If soil in place fails to meet the specified degree of compaction the areas represented by
the failing tests shall be removed, replaced and compacted to the specified density in the manner directed by
the Engineer and at no additional cost to the Owner.

6.8 MEASUREMENT

The measurement shall be made for the actual quantity of the work dines in cubic feet. The maximum width of
the trenches allowed fro payment for various pipe sizes will be as under:-

a) Upto 2” diameter pipe, the trench width will be 15”

b) Upto 3” diameter pipe, the trench width will be 18”
c) Upto 4” diameter pipe, the trench width will be 18”
d) Upto 6” diameter pipe, the trench width will be 21”
e) Upto 8” diameter pipe, the trench width will be 24”
f) Upto 10” diameter pipe, the trench width will be 26”
g) Upto 12” diameter pipe, the trench width will be 28”
h) Upto 16” diameter pipe, the trench width will be 32”

6.9 RATE

The unit rate tendered in the priced Bill of Quantities for excavation of trenches for water supply lines shall be
considered as full compensation for the work specified in this section and shall include constructing and
removing of all temporary arrangement s pumping and dewatering, removal of soft soil from bottom of trenches,
removing the surface material and all incidentals to complete this work.

6.10 PAYMENT

Payment shall be made for this item of work at the unit rate quoted in the priced Bill of Quantities.

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