ONE SHOT ECoS15IEL Funcional unit of NatuYe.

Man -made Arificial EcOSYstem Rquaic SYSHem Autotrops

Phytopianik ton
Some alagae
Aqumium 200 FloGHng submeYged
Te1esial) OFoves mOTginal piant Pound ok edges.
Consumers)( md ard)
Tassland 200 plank ton
DesertE Pree Swimmin9
AquaHc o
Pon d
Lake [Mavine bottom dwelling Forms.
Sea TmP line- conveTSion oF
weHand erJCInit
River Locean into
oTggnic InorganiC
maeTial toith
OP Tadiant enegy the help
STRUCTORE: of the sun by ihm
npuB produchviy CaUtOYOPhs
organic malevia n a armt
(Trcansfor of enevT Eat amd bite by
--
Helevo trophs.
Food chain /web
uHient ceing URODDCTVIT
OutPuH Rate of biomass producHon is
deqTadian
Produchviy. (units-g7r',(kral called
m2))
Energy tosS
EcoSYStem Pimy proddcHviy Secondamy
1odiuekiviF divdec YoducHvi
tOto)
AbioHc BioHic
CnPP
qOSs primamy produ cHviry)
1nteracHon between AbioHC and
bioHc is called ecoSYStem. NPP CNe primamy
moducHviy)
STRATIFICATION-
OF
VerHCal dishvibulion PP NPP
different Species occuplng Rate of PTOducHon
diffeftnt levels. Amount of uilised
c 1REES CTOP) OF O1ganic matheYL by Piants in re spiy
during photosynthesis PP-R=NPP
aon
SHRUB Cmidde) R 7eSPiTakion iasses

(Hevbs9raSSes) Secondary pvcducHoTHD

botHom Lajer. AVailable fOr
4he consumpHOn to
-
hekero Yophs (herbivoYes 4 cdecomposes)
Components of the ecosyshem. Rute oP
O product ivily
in Energy fiot Pormakon of ne
OTganic matley by Consumr.
DecomposiHon iv Nurient cycing
 I7IKODUCI On

TeseTvoiY of nuienhs.
0 plant species inhabi Hing e pavti ruir BS
cYea hne1aiSaHo
The Human fuvthY degyaded by
Vaviey of envivonmental fackovs
Some mihvobes amd relfase
Avoitabitily of nuhients
inorganic nurienks ocrur by the
photosyntheHc capacity of plants. Process Hnon as mineralisoHon.
The Annual Net
hole
pvimary Yoductiviy DE coMPO SI TIOnl DEPENDS ON
biospheve is appromi makely oHYge - Tequiving.
0 bilion tons of organic maHer chemical natume of dekvikus
The producHDiHy of the oceans Cimakic condiHoon.
oreans crye
ony 55 bilion tons Clmcic condiHon.decompo siHan
Rest of couYse Yae is sioweY iP deitus is Tich
in
fgnin and Chiin
DECOMpOSITION B7eak don compleOs
quicker - if derius Tich in niwo90n
OYganic moHer into inovgqnic Subskan
ces and wateY soluble
tike
ccmbon diotide , coutkeY and subskanes tike
nukients Ahe process caued ien g c r .

decomposiken
Dead plant Remains such as
leaves,ba. Soil moisHuYe TemP
FloweY Cmd dead Temins of animals.
inciuding muteY.(onsHhute derihs waTm 4 moisF
fecal
Cold&DTy
Raw maHevial for decomposikon Faster Slow
STRPES Deritivores, Eg: Eathrim.
0ragmeotOton- Longe delrikes is
ENEROY FIouw
Convevted into small TmP EMCept for the deep sea hvdYO -

deriles 4her mal ecosvstem Sun is the oniy

SouYCe of enev9 foi an ecosYSHm
on Earth.
Leaching oateY Soluble inorganit
Salts deep into the soil PAR
get precipi tated.
and (PhooswntheHicaly acHve vadiaion)

Cakabalism- Bacleial and fungal

(2 10'% CapHIYeC) Some by PhotoS
enzymes degrade dehvlus
Pianis ntheHc bacevia
into simpiIeY inovganic
Substances
Sustains Hhe coorla)
AU Organsms are depe
EArCickon}Humificokon and ndent on produces
mineratisaion occuY duning direcHly ind iv ecHy
deomposiwon in the soit.
rumulaHOns of a dark columedunidirecH
amov phouS ondl Flow of energY
substanece
#umans. Humus. HIghIYralled
+o miCibial
ackon YASiSkun
aan PMTemetY amd under90 PS
SIOd decompouijon
TUHP
The reen plank in the ecosYSlem
erminology cve called proclucevs. a much lavgo PrutHon of enevgY
FlO 4ough the devikus food
chuin
than 4hroughthe CFC.
HeTbaceous Some qnimals iRe
cOody Plants.
ett cve omnivoves these
cockTOaches, croos
Primgycioducers nutura
aduakC erosus OnnecHOn
i a food weh.
Of food choins make
Phy to planRIOn
algae 'Basedon the Souee of theiv nuhiHon
Or Food
higher plant oY 9anisms octupy a sPecific
piace in +the food chain
CuS thei that is imouwn
hrophic leve1.
Foop CHAINJ PToducers betony to the
consumer and also hetevotYOPhS. trophic level ftvs
piimy consums wil be herhivoves.
Enamples
Simetea zing, Foed chein (nFC TerHaTy FOUTth h0phic
eve Man, Lion
Consume ToP ccrnivore) ° caYnivore

n rass Cnoat
P1dure) (Pimaym aCsecondary
n
Secondary
Third 4rophic
evel
Bivds, Fishes
ConsumeN) wolf
ConSumber)|Consumer cavnivorey CYniVoYe
Primay
consumbeY
CEimCnycoDEumer Secondany
Primany troPhic level Zooplankon,
The consumers
tha feed on these rasshoppY amd
ConsumbY (HeTbivOre)
herbivores ate CYani voves oOY MOre
oetHy Primumy consumev.
coHeTbitOYRn.
1' consumeY
First rophiC PhyioPiankton,
LeondaronsumeD
Animals tha lepend on primary
primary leve
Producer (Plants) gaSsees.
Con sumey for food Each 4rophic leve has a cvtain
muss
rFis Food Chain CDFC) OF
tiving matevlat at a Panh c u
ime raled as the
begins with dead ovganic mdteY stamilng (YOP.
made of
The stamding cvop is measthect as the
uP
decompos ers which r e fo mass oP livlng ovganisms (blomass)
heteopo phic ovganism. Fungi und oT the
numbeY in a
bactevia unit ayec.
The number of thophic 1eveIs in the
Suprot0phs (Supio to decompose)
'Deromposers secvete cliyosive razing Poocd chain is TASHiched as
nymes thut breakdoun deud and ansfer oP enevgY Fo11oLo 10 pey
aste mutevial s into Simpie cent las.
ovganie
matevid

CnFC is tho roajoY conduit fov enevY.

 Ecological pyyamids'- Three T¥pes. ONE MUst Remembey
rOphic 1evel repyesens q Funtional
A PYTamid of number level not a
sPecies.
PYTamid of biomoss upright inverted sPeies occuPy Moe the
may
PY ramid of energy-alw aYS uprighk. one tvophic ievel in the sime
ecosyStem ct the Scme tim.
Tamid of numbe
TROPHIC LEVEL
Sprnow Eat seeds, fvuit,Peas
Nurmbey oF individuajs (Primury ronsumer)
Te (TeTHcry Secondary consumeY ah eak inseckS
3 and oms
Congume)
All the pPramids of number of enee
Sc (Second any
y cand biomass ave upvighk.
(onsume) 3,54,000
Psoducers aYe moYe in numbr
Pc(primary and biomass than 4he herbivoYes
Consume) 09.000
PP(rimary S842.000
AISO enevgy at a tower tYophic 1eve
Produce iS CultoaYs mote 4hon at a higheY
-

evel
PITamid of biomaS)- a ShavP decrease in EMCEPHOns)
blomas5 a higheY tro phic leveis. alwaYS
TYoPhic 1evel PHYamid of energY is
y
wright (1g myPYight.
TC level to the nett ivoPhic ievel
1.5 'rophic
loSt as hecut
SOme enevgy is alwaYS
ca each stEP. Each bar in 4he enevgi

PC 34 EcOIO9TCaT Succesion)
in TesPonse to enViTomenF
Change
PP
Leuds

i0InveTted pyiamid of biomasg smat

Standing cTop oF phY tO PlanKton SupPors
CommuniN necy a equilibvium
CJth the environment is called
targe Shanding COP of Z0oplanlon.
climuH communiH
21
Oradua d Farly predictable
(change in species) compasiH on]
AquaHc- inver ted is called etol«gical succesion
An 1deal pyYamid of energY)-altoaYS The enive sequenre of communile
uPight
TC S that Sucessively chunge in_
9 i en ayea is calied sere
Sc 00T
PC 000J
to, 000J
PP
 SUCCESSION

1Succession) 2 Succesion
Eg neoly cooled tava,
bcre ock, B ein aYeas cuhere nahuYa
in
neoly euted pond (veservoir bioHc rommunikies hnve hepn
destvoyed Such a formiands,
buned oY (Ut foesk ,fto0 ded
Succesion is Siowey as it aakes
land
milion oF Yeay Fo soit feimukon Sucesion ote is faster because
Sone soil oy sediment iS FasEJ
Surcesion whethev taking place in
cogey o on lond,proceeds 1o a
Simil Clima tommunily-The
ie
SUCCESION OF PLANTS
Based on Habi tat

HYORACH ERACH)
(ake piace in veYY uwet rPas) (vevy dry aTea)
HYdec mesic condikon XERIC MESIC
Lmedium waler)
The SPecies that inv ade a bare cwe called pionneY SPecies.

KERAOMSEEFSTN ERACH SuCESION

HYDRACH SuCcESION) PIONEER SPECIES-invade a base
PiONEERS Small phY O PlanKBons Rock,Lichen caTecu) usuauy
Lichens SPCTete acids
very Smai planks hichto
-

ROOBHed Submeged piantsS ike bryOPhykes which dissoive Yock, heiping

Can be holded 1esy wheaHng Soi
in

RDo&ed fIoated angiosperm aer quani) in FoimaHon

ree-Floai ng plants Suceeded by biggeY planis
MaTsh - meadow ScTub
Stabie limate ,com muniy, Por PS

T1ees Remoins Stable ti event iS

water body Land.) unchungd

HeTOPhYte meso phyHC
NUTRIENT ICLE-RISocaliedlbiogeochomio
Standing StateThe mounk Of nuhienis,
Such as caTbon, ni09en, ConsumeTS)4 Produces
Phosphorus,
in the soil.
calcum, ekc.pYesen LiHer fal
Debvitus-
DecomposiHon
Nurient (Ycle uptake
Soil SoluHon Run off
naseous Sedimentamy wea theving
E nihogen tg- Suphy
Cabon
Phospho Tus RoCk miner als.
located in
Eth'S CYust.
E niTonmental factO A EcoSYSTEM SERVICES
Soil,moistuve ,PH TempevakuYe.
The PxedueieA
The Producks of ecosYStem processe
* {CARGON CYCLEL are named as ecossHem SPrUies
Fossil fuel aiso 7ePresent a veservoY
FOv etample:-
OF Cazbon. Hedthy PoreS
ecosysem puripy aiv and oaler.
COTbon occuYs thTOugh atmosphere,
Oceun and 4trough living Cind deod g a e droughts and floods,
CYCie nutrients genevale Fetile
O1ganism. Soils. provide wildlife hobitat
DeComposerS aiso conibute subsBan
ially 4o Co2. Pool by heiy mocessing maintain biodiversily. Pollinate
of caste materials and dead o9anic
CTOPs provide storge
mat-eY OF land oY
OCeans

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
Phosph0TuS is a majr conshuent
OF biological membranes
nucieic acids and ceuular ener
ansfer Sstems
The nakra TeseTUOIY Of PhosPho
TuS is Tock.

which contain phos Phovas in the

form of phosphuBes.