What is grammar?
describe - organise – change – forms – unconsciously
Grammar refers to how we combine, …………. and …………… parts of words, words and groups of
words to make meaning. We use grammar ……….. when we speak, listen, read or write. We also use it,
particularly as teachers, to ………. language. We do this by referring to its ……………… and its uses.
Grammar includes a large number of forms and uses.
…………………..
form ………………….
…………….....
So, grammar is
use
1- Parts of speech:
Name the parts of speech.
1- to name people, places, things, qualities, ideas, or activities to act as the subject/object of
the verb
2- to show the relationship between a noun, noun phrase or pronoun and another word or
phrase
3- to describe or give more information about a noun, pronoun or part of a sentence
4- to replace or refer to a noun or noun phrase mentioned earlier or about to be mentioned
5- to show an action, state or experience
6- to show a (strong) feeling - especially in informal spoken language
7- to say more about how, when, where, etc. something happens by adding information to
adjectives, verbs, other adverbs or sentences
8- to join words, sentences or parts of sentences
9- to make clear which noun is referred to
Abanoub Aziz - 01204077862 BRITISH LANAGUEG CENTRE – BLC 1
Abanoub Aziz - 01204077862 BRITISH LANAGUEG CENTRE – BLC 2
1- Which part of speech is the word "biology"?
a. adverb
b. verb
c. noun
d. adjective
2- Which of these cannot be used as a verb?
a. milk
b. water
c. fish
d. meat
3-Which of these is not an adjective?
a. handful
b. wonderful
c. successful
d. harmful
4- Which of these sentences contains an adverb?
a. You've got a fast car.
b. Faster than a speeding bullet!
c. He's the fastest gun in the West.
d. You're walking too fast!
5- Which phrase does not contain a determiner?
a. People are very strange.
b. There were three cows.
c. That's my pen!
d. He's an idiot.
Abanoub Aziz - 01204077862 BRITISH LANAGUEG CENTRE – BLC 3
6- Which phrase is unusual?
a. I'll meet you on the library.
b. I'll meet you at the library.
c. I'll meet you outside the library.
d. I'll meet you in the library.
7- Which is the object pronoun?
a. she
b. they
c. we
d. me
Abanoub Aziz - 01204077862 BRITISH LANAGUEG CENTRE – BLC 4
Abanoub Aziz - 01204077862 BRITISH LANAGUEG CENTRE – BLC 5
2- Structures
We also see different grammatical forms in a grammatical structure, i.e. the arrangement of words
into patterns, which have meaning. There are many grammatical terms to describe different
grammatical structures. Here are some examples:
Structure Form
subject + past tense of verb to be + -ing form of verb
………………………….
e.g. he was running
subject + to be + past participle (+ by + agent)
…………………………..
e.g. the road was built (by the company)
more + long adjective (+ than)
………………………….
e.g. he was more embarrassed than his friend
preposition + (article/determiner/.-.) + noun
……………………..…….
e.g. for an hour
subordinating conjunction of contrast + finite clause
…………………………...
e.g. Nobody listened although she spoke very slowly and clearly.
1- Which of these verb forms is not used in the past simple?
a. swum
b. spoke
c. sold
d. slept
2- Which continuous structure is NOT correct?
a. I will studying here next year.
b. I have been studying here for five years.
c. I am studying here at the moment.
d. I was studying here last year.
Abanoub Aziz - 01204077862 BRITISH LANAGUEG CENTRE – BLC 6
3- Which of these adjectives forms a regular comparative?
a. bad
b. far
c. beautiful
d. good
4- Which is NOT a correct passive form?
a. They were told last week.
b. This house was built in 1950.
c. They were being copied by many people.
d. They are being ridiculous.
5- Which is NOT a common use of the present simple?
a. To give instructions
b. To talk about permanent situations
c. In a conditional clause with "if..."
d. To talk about something happening now
6- Which of these is NOT a common use of the past continuous?
a. To talk about an action in progress at a particular time
b. To talk about an action going on in the background
c. To talk about habits in the past
d. To talk about a temporary situation in the past
Abanoub Aziz - 01204077862 BRITISH LANAGUEG CENTRE – BLC 7
2- Affixation
1- Affixes can give grammatical information:
- showing whether a verb is singular …………………………….
- marking a tense ……………………………
- the plural of nouns ……………………………
- possessives ……………………………
2- Many other prefixes and suffixes are used in English to make new words, by
changing their part of speech and adding a meaning to the base word—e.g.,
disappear, careful, friendly.
3- Some common prefixes in English are ………………………………………………………….
Some common suffixes are …………………………………………………………………………….
Which of these suffixes usually indicates a noun?
a. -ive
b. -ous
c. -ify
d. -tion
Which of these is a common negative prefix?
a. is-
b. it-
c. im-
d. ip-
Abanoub Aziz - 01204077862 BRITISH LANAGUEG CENTRE – BLC 8
Which suffix does NOT indicate a plural?
a. s
b. 's
c. es
d. ies
Which prefix indicates "badly" or "wrongly"?
a. ex-
b. mono-
c. mis-
d. anti-
Abanoub Aziz - 01204077862 BRITISH LANAGUEG CENTRE – BLC 9
3- Grammatical Meaning
Grammatical uses refer to how grammatical structures are used to convey (or
communicate) meaning. A particular grammatical structure, e.g. the present continuous
(or progressive), does not always have the same meaning. Its meaning or use comes from
the context in which it is used. For example, ‘She is doing her homework.’ might mean:
a- ……………………………………………………………………………..
b- ……………………………………………………………………………..
c- ………………………………………………………………………………
Structure Uses
USE 1 Repeated Actions
…………………………………………………..
USE 2 Facts or Generalizations
…………………………………………………..
………………………..
USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future
…………………………………………………..
USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)
……………………………………………………
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now
…………………………………………………..
TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
…………………………………………………..
………………………..
TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
…………………………………………………..
TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
…………………………………………………..
USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past
…………………………………………………..
USE 2 Parallel Actions in the past
……………………….. …………………………………………………..
USE 2 to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past
…………………………………………………..
Abanoub Aziz - 01204077862 BRITISH LANAGUEG CENTRE – BLC 10
