# [ Git & Gitlab ] ( CheatSheet )
Git Commands
● Initialize a Repository: git init
● Clone a Repository: git clone [URL]
● Add File(s) to Staging: git add [file]
● Commit Changes: git commit -m "[commit message]"
● Push Changes: git push [remote] [branch]
● Pull Changes: git pull [remote]
● Create a Branch: git branch [branch_name]
● Switch Branches: git checkout [branch_name]
● Merge Branch: git merge [branch_name]
● Fetch Remote Repository: git fetch [remote]
● View Status: git status
● View Commit History: git log
● Stash Changes: git stash
● Apply Stashed Changes: git stash apply
● Reset to Commit/HEAD: git reset --hard [commit]
● Rebase Branch: git rebase [branch_name]
● Delete Branch: git branch -d [branch_name]
● View Remote Repositories: git remote -v
● Tag a Commit: git tag [tag_name] [commit]
● Show Changes/Differences: git diff
GitLab-Specific Commands
● Create a New Project: gitlab project create [name]
● List Projects: gitlab project list
● Create a Merge Request: gitlab merge-request create
● List Merge Requests: gitlab merge-request list
● Create an Issue: gitlab issue create
● List Issues: gitlab issue list
● Upload a File to Repository: gitlab project-file upload
● Download a File from Repository: gitlab project-file download
By: Waleed Mousa
GitLab CI/CD
.gitlab-ci.yml Configuration Basics
stages:
- build
- test
- deploy
● Define Stages:Define a Job:
build_job:
stage: build
script:
- echo "Building the project."
● Setting up Test Job:
test_job:
stage: test
script:
- echo "Running tests."
● Setting up Deploy Job:
deploy_job:
stage: deploy
script:
- echo "Deploying application."
● Defining Artifacts:
artifacts:
paths:
- build/
By: Waleed Mousa
● Only/Except Policies:
only:
- master
● Cache Dependencies:
cache:
paths:
- .maven/
● Using Docker Images:
image: maven:latest
● Defining Variables:
variables:
MAVEN_CLI_OPTS: "-s .m2/settings.xml"
● Using Services (e.g., Databases):
services:
- postgres:latest
● Manual Job Trigger:
deploy_prod:
stage: deploy
script:
- echo "Deploying to production."
when: manual
● Scheduled Pipelines:
○ Configured through the GitLab UI under CI/CD > Schedules.
By: Waleed Mousa
GitLab Runner
● Install GitLab Runner: Follow official installation guide
● Register a Runner: gitlab-runner register
● Start GitLab Runner: gitlab-runner start
● Stop GitLab Runner: gitlab-runner stop
● Unregister a Runner: gitlab-runner unregister --url [CI_SERVER_URL]
--token [REGISTRATION_TOKEN]
Advanced CI/CD
● Multi-Project Pipelines:
○ Use trigger in .gitlab-ci.yml to trigger pipelines in other
projects.
● Environment and Deployment:
deploy_to_prod:
stage: deploy
environment:
name: production
script:
- echo "Deploying to production."
Review Apps:
● Set up dynamic environments for merge requests.
● Include External CI/CD Configuration:
include:
- project: 'other/project'
ref: master
file: '/path/to/template.yml'
● Using Anchors for Template Reuse:
.template: &template
script:
- echo "This is a script template."
By: Waleed Mousa
use_template:
<<: *template
Advanced Git Operations
● Cherry-pick a Commit: git cherry-pick [commit_hash]
● Revert a Commit: git revert [commit_hash]
● Interactive Rebase: git rebase -i [base_commit]
● Squash Commits: git rebase -i [base_commit] (then use 'squash')
● Amend a Commit: git commit --amend
● Stash Specific Files: git stash push [file_name]
● Clean Untracked Files: git clean -f
● Reflog to Recover Lost Commits: git reflog
● Check Out a Remote Branch: git checkout -b [branch_name]
[remote_name]/[branch_name]
● List Tags: git tag
Advanced GitLab Features
● Set Up Protected Branches: GitLab UI > Repository > Protected
Branches
● Configure Project Access: GitLab UI > Project > Settings > General
● Add Group and Project Members: GitLab UI > Project/Group > Members
● Set Up Webhooks for Integration: GitLab UI > Project > Settings >
Webhooks
● Set Up Issue Boards for Agile Management: GitLab UI > Project >
Issue Board
● Create and Manage Labels: GitLab UI > Project > Labels
● Configure Repository Mirroring: GitLab UI > Repository > Settings >
Repository Mirroring
● Use GitLab Snippets for Code Sharing: GitLab UI > Project >
Snippets
● Configuring Project Wikis for Documentation: GitLab UI > Project >
Wiki
● Using GitLab's Container Registry: docker push
registry.gitlab.com/[username]/[project]
By: Waleed Mousa
GitLab CI/CD Advanced Usage
● Using Multi-Stage Pipelines:
○ Define multiple stages in .gitlab-ci.yml and specify the stage
for each job.
● Deploy to Multiple Environments:
deploy_staging:
stage: deploy
script: echo "Deploying to staging"
environment: staging
● Use of Artifacts and Dependencies:
build:
stage: build
script: make build
artifacts:
paths:
- build/
test:
stage: test
script: make test
dependencies:
- build
● Docker-in-Docker for Building Containers:
image: docker:19.03.12
services:
- docker:19.03.12-dind
● Multi-Project Pipeline Triggers:
trigger:
project: my/other-project
branch: master
By: Waleed Mousa
● Using Variables and Secrets:
variables:
DATABASE_URL: "postgres://..."
● Scheduled Pipeline Execution:
● Configure in GitLab UI under CI/CD > Schedules.
● Optimizing with Caching:
cache:
paths:
- .maven/
● Setting Up Review Apps:
○ Use dynamic environments to preview changes.
● Using Auto DevOps in GitLab:
○ Enable Auto DevOps in project settings.
Advanced CI/CD Techniques
● Parent-Child Pipelines for Modular CI/CD:
build:
stage: build
trigger:
include: 'path/to/child-pipeline.yml'
● Using GitLab's CI Lint Tool:
○ Validate .gitlab-ci.yml using the CI Lint tool in GitLab UI.
● Coverage Reports and Code Quality:
○ Integrate testing and code quality tools and report coverage
in the pipeline.
● Accessibility Testing within Pipelines:
○ Integrate accessibility testing tools like pa11y or axe-core.
By: Waleed Mousa
GitLab Runner Advanced Configurations
● Register Multiple Runners:
○ Register different runners for specific jobs or tags.
● Configure Runner Executors:
○ Choose between shell, docker, virtualbox, etc., when
registering runners.
● Using Tags to Control Job Execution:
job1:
tags:
- linux
- docker
● Runner Caching to Speed Up Builds:
○ Configure cache in runner's config.toml.
● Configuring Parallel Job Execution in Runner:
○ Set concurrent in the runner's config.toml.
Git Tips for Efficient Workflow
● Alias Common Commands: git config --global alias.co checkout
● Interactive Staging: git add -i
● Patch Mode for Partial Commits: git add -p
● Git Bisect to Find Bugs: git bisect start; git bisect bad; git
bisect good [good_commit]
● Search in Git Logs: git log --grep="pattern"
GitLab Tips for Better Project Management
● Quick Actions in Issues/MRs: Use /close, /label, /assign in
comments.
● Preview Merge Conflict Resolution:
○ Use the conflict resolution UI in GitLab merge requests.
● Use GitLab's Built-in CI/CD Templates:
○ Utilize existing .gitlab-ci.yml templates for common
languages and frameworks.
● Set Up GitLab Pages for Project Documentation:
By: Waleed Mousa
○ Host static websites directly from a GitLab repository.
● Monitor Pipeline Performance:
○ Use the Pipelines page to monitor build times and optimize
them.
GitLab CI/CD Security Practices
● Scan for Vulnerabilities: * Integrate SAST (Static Application
Security Testing) and DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing)
in pipelines.
● Dependency Scanning: * Add dependency scanning jobs to the CI/CD
pipeline.
● Container Scanning for Docker Images: * Scan Docker images for
vulnerabilities as part of the CI/CD pipeline.
By: Waleed Mousa
