Waves © The motion of the jisturbance propagating in the medium (or in free space) is called a wave. The wave is neither a ‘Physical body’ travelling in the medium nor medium Particles are moving as a single unit : The waves which require elastic medium for their transmission are called Non-mechanical waves : The waves which do not require any elastic medium [even propagate in the medium] and also propagate in the free space are called non mechanical waves [They are also known as electro magnetic waves} Transverse waves : The waves in which the oscillations of the pai perpendicular to the direction of propagation are called transverse waves. Longitudinal waves : The waves in which the oscillations of the particles are in the direction of propagation of the wave are called longitudinal waves. les are in a direction Sound waves are mechat al and longitudinal. © waves produce on the string are mechanical and transverse. Light waves are non mechanical and transverse. Intensity of the wave (1) : Energy passing through a unit area, taken in the direction normal to the propagation, in one second is called intensity of the wave, Energy (E)/Time (t) Area (A) = (= MTs Note Dimensional Formula Quantity Mr damping coefficient to the medium M Force constant of the spring, surface ten: n. MT: Wave intensity, emissive power ot the surface 1 Intensity 1 E (=> KA) Le A¥, Intensity « (Amplitude)? Scanned with CamScanner‘Wave length (4) and Velocity (+) of the wave Wave length (A) : The distance between two particles having phase difference 2n rad is called wave length (2). Velocity of the wave (1) : The effect of disturbance travels distance A in time T. «. Velocity of the wave v= ‘wave vector Note: AS 2neT ‘Wave equation ‘The displacement of a particle at a distance x from the origin at time t is, y=Asin (cot kx) [for positive X-direction] Y= Asin 2n (ft > y=Asin ong) For the wave propagating in the — X direction take x © The phase difference between the two particles having seperation x is, 8 = Note : The time derivative of wave equation represent velocity of the particle at a distance x from the origin, at time t [It does not represent velocity of the wave] * => v= Aa cos (wt—kx) © The slope of the wave form at a distance x from the origin at time t B® -Ak cos («ot — kx) Bo Ak cos (ot Scanned with CamScanner(86) (87) (88) (89) (90) (91) (92) (93) (94) (95) ‘The minimum distance between the two particles having phase difference 17 & is... [k = 6.28% 108 rad em!) (A) 4.25 (B) 85 ov (D) 34 The value of a wave vector is 10 rad em, Calculate the phase difference between two particles having 3.6 em distance. (A) L.8n (B) 3.6n © 18x (D) 360 Wave equation is y = 10 sin (4nt -nx) em, t is in second, Calculate the ratio of velocity of a particle at 38 cm away from the origin at the end of 10 s and velocity of the wave. (A) 40x (B) 10% (©) 01 4n An amplitude of a progressive harmonic wave is 5 cm. The displacement of a particle at a distance . 3 . 4 cm away from the origin, at the end of 2's is “Zem and the displacement of a particle 16 cm at the end of 4 s is 2.5 cm. Calculate the values of « and k. 12 k-# Mork. The frequency of a wave is 42 Hz. Ifthe maximum displacement of particles of the medium is 0.4 cm, the maximum velocity of the particle is .... ems. (a2 (B)4 Os (p) 10 ‘The wave equation is y = 10 sin (mt — rx) em. Time tis in second. Calculate the displacement and acecleration of a particle which is 2 em away from the origin, atthe end of 42s, (A) y = 5 em, a= —Sr? ems? (B) y = 10 em, a =-10 12 ems? (©) y= Sem, a=-10 1? ems? (D) y= 10 em, a =—Sn? ems? ‘The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is 150 MHz, Calculate the value of wave-vector in rad mr, n 3n 3n (A)r By «© z 0) > ‘The wave equation for a progressive harmonic wave is y = 5 sin (0.05t + 0.02nx -) em. Where time t is in second. Calculate the minimum distance between the two particles having phase difference + rad. (A) 3.125 em (B) 6.25 em (©) 12.5em (D) 25 em ‘The frequency and velocity of a wave are 1 kllz and 330 ms respectively. Caleulate the minimum distance (in metre) between the two particles having phase difference 60°, (A) L102 (B) 5.5 «107 (©) 66 = 107 (D) 33 = 102 is For particle-1, wave equation is y, = 10 sin (S0mt +3). For particle-2, wave equati 10 cos mt, Calculate the phase difference of the displacement [or velocity or acceleration] of particle-2 with respect to particle-1. tt AF (BF © -F © -F Scanned with CamScanner(96) The wave equation for a wave propagetting in X-direction is y = 0.008 cos (ct x -Bt) m. The wavelength and periodic time are 0.08 m and 0.5 s respectively. Calculate values of & and B. (Aja=25n,B=4t (B)a=4n,.B=25n (Cha=S50n,B=2n (D) a=2n, P=507 (97) The wave equation is y = yo sin 2 (/t—5-). The maximum velocity of a particle is 4 times the velocity of the wave. Calculate the wave length of the wave. Ry Ry ny wa = @ 2 op (D) Ary, (98) The wave equation is y = 0.01 sin 2n (>4- - —*5)m [Where y and x are in metre, t is in 05 ~ 002 second] Calculate the values of maximum velocity and maximum acceleration. (A) v,.,, = O4R, a. = 42 ms? (B) May = 16 a, = 40? ms (OC) yo = 16 MS a... = 16m? ms? (D) », imax = 04 TE ms Inne = 16r2 ms? (99) ‘The displacement of some particle of the medium is given by y= 10 sin (100 t + 20x + 4)m, (where x is in metre, t is in second). Calculate the wave-speed. (A) 5 mst (B) 0.5 mst (©) Sms" (D) Sx? mst x (100) The wave equation for one dimensional progressive harmonic wave is y = 10 sin 20n (t— To ™ (where x is in metre, t is in second), Calculate the slope of the wave at a distanace of 320 m, at the end of 2 s, x Sx an (a) 105 (B) -= © o = Ans.: 86 (A), 87 (D), 88 (B), 89 (B), 90 (C), 91 (A), 92 (A), 93 (C), 94 (B), 95 (©), 96 (A), 97 (Cy 98 (D), 99 (A), 100 (B) Speed of waves in a medium : © Speed of transverse wave on stretched string — Where T = Tension force 1 = linear mass density of the string @ Speed of longitudinal wave (sound waye) in a medium : E = Elastic constant of the medium B = Bulck’s modulus Y= You P= Pressure modulus = density of the medium Scanned with CamScannerRT ve fy pV = mass V = volume of gas [yRT m = Molar mass of gas. M Note : ‘The phenomenon of the propagation of sound in the gas is adiabatic At a constant temperature, velocity of sound in the gas is independent of the Pressure. Velocity (speed) of sound increases with increasing humi ‘The speed of sound is comparatively much greater in solid than that in the liquid and in the gas. [except Vulcanized rubber] At STP, the speed of sound in air In practice, the range of wave length of audible sound is from 2 = 1.7 cm to 4= 17m. = 332 mst, Waves having 4 < 1.7 em are not audible. They are known as Ultrasonic waves. Waves having A> 17 m are also not audible. They are know Infrasonic waves. ‘An object moving with a velocity greater than the velocity of sound is called supersonic. When such supersonic body (e.g. an aeroplane) travels produces energetic disturbance. Such disturbance moves in backward direction and diverge in the form of a cone. Such waves [disturbances] are called Shock waves. When Shock waves collides with structure, a very huge sound is produced. al “The speed of supersonic is measured in Mach Number Vel Velocity of sound Mach Number ty of source © Speed of the sound is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, © For two different gases having equal pressure (P) and equal value of ¥, the ratio of velocity of sound. a Eo and pare the density of the gas. © For sound, the temperature coefficient of expansion («) is given by Scanned with CamScanner0 a= 10, where, », = velocity of sound at T °C, v= velocity of sound at 0 °C. The unit of ais °C, © For sound waves, the time interval between two successive condensation and rarefaction is equal wt. © When a person hear echo sound from the reflector at a distance d, then velocity of sound. d reflector . Person + Time imerval of Echo. t= 24 © Sound intensity level is given by L = 10 log ) Where 1, = minimum intensity (refrence intensity), 1 = intensity of the sound Sound intensity level is meausured in decibels (¢B), (101) A sound wave of frequency 400 Hz is propagating with the speed of 332 ms. What would be (102) (103) (104) (105) (106) (107) (108) the minimum time to form rarefaction at a place where maximum condensatin occurs. ws @ws © aps O as (A) ‘The speed of sound in H, is 1225 ms“. By taking volume ratio 1:2 of H, and O,, a mixture H,O, is prepared. What would be the speed of sound (in ms“) in the mixture ? [density of O, is 16 times that of H,] (A) 2450 (B) 1000 «c) 500 (D) 250 At what temperature the speed of sound would be double than its value at NTP ? (A) 600 K (B) 1200 K (©) 150K (D) 75K A person standing at the I s. Calculate the distance between the two walls (in metre) if the speed of the sound in air is 332 mst (A) 332, (B) 116 (©) 664 (D) 58 ‘A stone is dropped in a well from the height of 20 m from the water surface. The sound of collision of the stone with water is heard after 2.06 s (after dropping). Then the velocity of sound in mst is... [lake g = 10 ms] (A) 333 (B) 300 (©) 350 (D) 260 ‘The minimum intensity of an audible sound is 10? Wm. Calculate the sound intensity level (in decibel) when the intensity of the sound becomes 10” War (A) 5 (B)3 (©) 30 (D) 50 ‘A sound of intensity level 50 dB is how many times powerful than the sound of intensity level 20 dB? (A) 30 (B) 300 (C) 900 (D) 1000 What would be the minimum distance (in metre) of reflector from the person (source) for listening the echo of sound ? Velocity of sound is 330 ms" (A) 16.5 (8) 33 (66 (Dy 9 point of the wo parallel walls claps his hand, hears its echo after Scanned with CamScanner(109) An intensity of a sound wave decreases by 10% while passing through a slab. Such two slabs are kept together and sound wave is allowed to pass through it. Calculate the percentange decrease in the intensity of the sound wave, (A) 20% (B) 19% (21% (D) 10% (110) Young's modulus of a matter is 13.2x10" Nar, The density of this matter is 3.3*10? kg m=, Calculate the velocity (in ms“) of longitudinal wave in this matter, (A) 500 (B) 1000, (C) 2000 (D) 2300 (111) Velocity of sound in a gas at STP is 273 ms“'. Calculate the temperature coefficient of velocity in ms! K7. (aos (B) 0.25 (os (D) 0.75 (112) A wire PQR is prepared by connecting two wires PQ and QR of equal radius. The length and mass of wire PQ are 2 m and 0,025 kg respectively. Those for wire QR are 1 m and 0.05 kg respectively. The tension produced in wire PQR is 80 N. Calculate the time taken by the sound (in second) to travel from P to R. (A) 0.025 (B) 0.05 (©) 025 () 05 ‘Ans.+ 101 (A), 102 (C), 103 (B), 104 (A), 105 (A), 106 (D), 107 (D), 108 (B), 109 (B), 110 (C), 111 (A), 112 (B) Principle of Superposition “When two or more waves superpose at same particle of the medium, the resultant displace- ment of a particle at the superposition is equal to the vector sum of the individual displacement produced by each wave. Reflection of Waves © Reflection from the rigid support : © When a wave is reflected from the rigid support, its phase = incident wave is increased by m. crest” becomes “trough” and “trough” becomes “crest” Voom Ify, =A sin (1 ~ kx) its reflected wave, reflected wave y, =A sin (ot + kx) [Note : The negative sign indicates that the phase increases by m. The sign inside the bracket changes indicates that direction of propogation is reversed] From the free end © The reflection at free end (open boundary) takes place incident wave without any change in the phase, “crest” remains “crest” “trough” remains “trough” pestis wave Ify, =A sin (cot kx) y, =A sin (cot + kx) Stationary Waves ‘The resultant wave obtained duc to the superposition of two waves having equal amplitude (A), equal wave length (A) [or equal frequency f] and travelling in mutually opposite directions, is called Stationary wave. © equation for the stationary wave y een A sin kx cos wt does not propagate in this type of wave. Scanned with CamScannerjons in a stationary wave where the amplitude always remains zero are called es a Aa, Ban. @ The nodes are located at a distance x 4% from the end x= 0 . a ig A © The distance between two successive node is > & © The first nodel point is at a distance of * (from x= 0 end) Antinedes ‘The positions in a stationary wave where the amplitude always remains maximum are called “Antinodes”. © — Antinodes are located at a distance x » Fe on Qne1)% from the end x= 0. : ve ant, ak © The distance between two successive antinode or two successive node is % © The distance between successive node and antinode is & © The first antinodel point is ata distance of * (from x = 0 end). Fundamental frequency (First harmonic) AAO a Second harmonic (First overtone) ‘Third harmonic (Second overtone) 3v AOD a, SENS n=3 Ke nt harmonic (n-I"" overtone) “OQQQOF Scanned with CamScannerNote : Stationary Waves in © For oscillations having n" harmonic; number of closed loops = n number of Antinades = n number of Nodes = (n—1) © The difference between two successive harmonic is equal to fundamental frequency. Io Seer “FO Sas Sof, ipes © — For closed pipe n= I fundamental frequency (first harmonic) frequency wave length n= 2 third harmonic (first overtone) aL n= 3 fifth harmonic (second overtone) A> GD n =n (2n-1)" harmonic ((n -I) overtone) Note : For closed piple all harmonies are not possible only f,, 3, 5/. Tf, possible, © Open pipe frequency wave length | n= 1 fundamental (first harmonic) . n=2 Second harmonic (first overtone) ge a= 2k eo 2L won n= 3 third harmonic (second overtone) Seen pipe = 2 Sante pipe n=n,n" harmonic ((n -1)'" overtone) (113) (ua) (iis) (116) (7) ‘The possible maximum wave length of the stationary wave produced on the string of length 100 em is ...... em, (A) 25 (B) 50 © 100 (D) 200 In a case of stationary wave, the distance between successive node and antinode is 0.01 m. If the speed of the components of the wave is 320 ms“, calculate the frequency of the stationary wave. (A) 4 kHz (B) & kHz, (© 800 kHz (D0 The fundamental frequency for an open-pipe is 512 Hz. If it is closed at one end the fundamental frequency becomes ..... Hz (A) 256 (8) 512 (C) 1024 Do ‘The air column in a closed pipe experiences first resonance with a tuning fork of frequency 160 Hz. The length of the air column in the closed pipe is .... em. ("= 320 ms!) (A) 25 (B) 50 (25 Ds A closed organ pipe and an open organ pipe are tuned to the same fundamental frequency. What is the raito of lengths. (A) 2:3 (B)3:4 © (D) 3:2 Scanned with CamScanner(118) (119) (120) (121) (122) (123) (124) (125) (126) (127) What would be the minimum length (in em) of an open-pipe to have resonance with the tuning fork of 160 Hz ? (v= 320 ms") (A) 10 (B) 25 (©) 50 (D) 100 The frequencies of two consecutive overtone are 285 Hz and 325 Hz respectively. What would be the fundamental frequency ? (A) 20 Hz, (B) 40 Hz. (©) 80 Hz (D) 305 Hz The length of a closed pipe is 130 cm. The frequency of stationary waves form is equal to the frequency of third overtone. Calculate wavelenth (in cm) of the wave. (A) 40 (B) 80 (C) 130 (D) 260 A closed pipe and an open pipe have their first overtones identical in frequency. Their lengths are in the ratio... . (A) 1:2 (B) 3:4 (4:5 (D)5:6 A string of length 100 cm is oscillating with 10" harmonic. The number of nodes and antinodes form on the string are ..... and ..... respectively. (A) 9 and 10 (B) 10 and 9 (©) 10 and 11 (D) Hand 10 The length of a closed pipe is 125 cm, The sound wave is produced with a tuning fork of frequency 320 Hz, Now water is filled gradually in this tube. For which height of water column will resonance occur ? v = 320 ms. (A) 25 (B) 75 (©) 100 (D) 125 id supports separated by 100 cm distance. It is observed to have resonant frequencies of 295 Hz and 415 Hz. There is no other resonant frequency between these two. Then, the lowest resonant frequency for this string i (A) 120 Hz (B) 60 Hz (©) 220 Hz (D) 250 Hz. ‘The wave equation for a stationary wave produced on a stretched string is y= 10 sin xcos 70m Distance between two successive node is ..... em. [Where x and y are in em, t is in sec.] (A) 1.75 em (B) 3.5 em (C) 65 em (D) 75cm The length of the wire of guitar is 100 em. Its fundamental frequency is 250 Hz. Calculate the length of the wire required to have $00 Hz frequency. (A) 50 cm (B) 100 cm (C) 200 cm (D) 250 cm ‘The stationary wave produced on a string is given by y = 10 sin © x cos 40nt [Where x and y are in cm, tis in s] The positions of antinodes from the rigid support are .. (A) 2 cm, 6 em, 10cm, 14 em, (B) 4 em, 8 em, 16 em, 20 em... (C)2.em, 4 em, 6 em, 8 em... (D) 4cm, 6 cm, 8 em, 10 cm... Scanned with CamScanner(128) (129) (130) (131) A block is attached at the free end of the sonometer wire. The fundament frequency for the vibrations of the wire is 500 Hz. When the block is immersed in the water the fundamental frequency becomes 300 Hz, Now, instead of water the block is immersed in the liquid. the fundamental frequency becomes 100 Hz. Calculate the specific density of the liquid. (A) (B) LS (2 (D) 2.5 A string of length 35 em is vibrating with the frequency of 3 kHz. The velocity of the wave is 350 ms"!. Find the fundamental frequency and number of closed loops formed on the string. (A) f, = 1000 Hz, n = 6 (B) f, = 500 Hz, n= 5 (Of, = 500 Hz, n=6 (D) f, = 300 Hz, n= 10 The wave equation for a progresive harmonic wave propagating in the negative X-direction is y = 20 sin (4nt + 37). The wave reflects from the rigid support, The equation for the reflected wave Ay 20 sin (At — 3x) (B) y = -20 sin (Ant + 31) (©) y= 20 sin (4mt ~ 3x + 4) (D) y=20 sin (4nt + 3x + 3) The wave equation for a progressive harmonic wave is y= 10 sin (4mt — the rigid support. If the intensity of the reflected wave is 0.81 times the intensity of the incident wave, what would be the wave equation for the reflected wave ? 22.59, It reflects from (A) y,=-8.1 sin (4m + 28x (8) y,=-0.81 sin Qt + 22x) (©) y,=-9 sin (Amt - 2x (©) y,=-9 sin (4m + 2x) Ans.: 113 (D), 114 (B), 115 (A), 116 (B), 117 (C), 118 (D), 119 (B), 120 (A), 121 (B), 122 (A), 123 (C), 124 (A), 125 (B), 126 (A), 127 (A), 128 (B), 129 (C), 130 (C), 131 (D) Beats The Phenomenon of the loudness of sound becoming maximum and minimum periodically due to super-position of two sound waves of equal amplitude (A) and slightly different frequencies (,-f, <1) is called ‘beats’. “The number of beats in unit time =f; — f, ‘The periodic time of sound intensity becomes maximum ot minimum T= 7 + 7 i © By filing one of the prongs of a wning fork. its frequency will increase a little. © By putting some wax on one of the prongs of a tuning fork its frequency will decrease a litle, Doppler Effect Whenever there is a relative motion between a source of a sound and a listener, with respect to medium in which the waves are propagatting. the frequency of the sound experienced by the listener is different from the frequency emitted by the source. This phenomenon is called Doppler effect. experienced by the listener, v, = velocity of the source of sound, v, = veloci v= velo riginal frequency of the sound emitted by the source, f, = frequency of the sound y of the listener hh of the sound The general formula for the frequency experienced by the listener is, f, = ( Scanned with CamScannerSpaceial cases : (1) The listener is moving towards the stationary source ¥, = 0, %, = positive: f (2) The listener is moving away from the stationary source. negative; f, = (=) (3) The source is moving towards the stationary listener. \. (4) The source is moving away from the stationary listener. (as (5) Both (source and listener) are moving towards each other (approaching cach other) negative: = positive; f, = negative, ¥, = positive; f, = ( (6) Both are moving away from each other |, = positive, v, = negative; a-( (7) The listener is moving away from the source and the source is moving towards the listener, with relative velocity. egati = negative; f, (8) The relative velocity. ener is moving towards the source and the source is moving away from the listener with (132) Frequencies of two tuning forks are 320 Hz and 480 Hz respectively. They produced sound waves in air having difference in the wave length 42m, Calculate velocity of sound in ai (in ms!) (A) 280 (8) 300 (©) 340 (D) 360 (133) Two waves having wavelengths 50 cm and 50.5 cm produced 6 beats in Is. Calculate the velocity of the waves. (A) 303 ms (B) 404 ms? (©) 505 mst (D) 606 ms Scanned with CamScanner(134) (138) (136) (137) (138) (139) (140) (141) (142) (143) ‘The wave lengths of two pitches of the sound are “22 m and “28 m respectively. Both of them produces 4 beats in Is with the third pitch, Calculate the fixed frequency of this third pitch, (A) 174 Hz (B) 348 Hz (©) 522 Ma (D) 696 Hz Frequencies of three sound sources having equal intensity are 312 Hz, 316 Hz and 320 Hz respectively. Calculate the number of beats produced by any two successive source in 1 s. (A)2 (4 (C)6 (D) 0 Atunimg fork P, produces 4 beats in Is with a tuning fork Q of frequency 384 Hz. filing one of the prongs of tuning fork P, it produces 3 beats in 1s. Calculate the original frequency of the tuning fork P.(in Hz). (A) 380 (B) 388 (C)381 (D) 387 A tuning fork M, produces § beats in 1s with a tuning fork N of frequency 588 Hz. After loading one of the prongs of tuning fork M, it produces 3 beats in Is. Calculate the original frequency of the fork M. (in Hz). (A) 583 (B) 593 (C) 585 (D) 591 51 tuning forks are arranged in the ascending order of their frequencies. Any two consecutive forks produce 3 beats in Is. If the frequency of the last fork is 3 times that of the first fork, caleulate the frequency of 26" tuning fork. (A) 120 Hz (B) 150 Hz (C) 170 Hz (D) 190 Hz 21 tuning forks are arranged in the ascending order of their frequecies, Any two consecutive forks produces x beats in Is, The frequency of 21° fork is 1.4 times that of the first fork. Calculate x if the frequency of 11" fork is 120 Hz. 2 (4 6 (D8 ‘Two tuning forks are of frequency 350 Hz and 355 Hz produces beats. After what time (least) the minimum occurs at a place where maximum is occured ? ws s 1 1 Os Ops ) 35 A tuning fork produces 2 beats in Is with the stretched wire of sonometer of length 80 cm and 60 cm. What would be the frequency of the tuning fork ? (A) 12 Hz (B) 14 Hz (©) 16 He (D) 18 Hz A tuning fork produces 5 beats in Is with the sonometer wire of length 50 cm. If the length of the wire is reduced by 2 cm then also the number of beats remains 5. Calculate the frequency of the tuning fork. (in Hz), (A) 490 (B) 245 (©) 390 (D) 295 A tuning fork having unknown frequency produces 4 beats in Is with the fork having 350 Hz frequency and produces 6 beats in Is. with the fork having frequency 360 Hz. Find the unknown frequency. (A) 354 Hz (B) 346 Hz. (C) 366 Hz (D) 358 Hz Scanned with CamScanner(144) (145) (146) (147) (148) (149) (150) (151) (152) The frequencies of three sound waves of equal amplitude are (f,-2), f, and (f,42) respectively. If they superpose to produce beats, calculate number of beats produced in Is. yl (B)2 ©3 (D)4 Sis V5fy 2.25f,, 3375f, ou are the frequencies of the tuning forks in the ascending order. Any two consecutive forks produces N beats in | s. Calculate frequency f,. (A)N (B)2N (©) 3N (D) 4N When two tuning forks are made vibrate they produces 4 beats in Is. Now a strip is attached with one of the prongs of fork-2, they produces 6 beats in Is. if the frequency of tuning fork-I is 200 Hz. (A) 196 Hz. (B) 194 Hz (C) 204 Hz (D) 206 Hz. Calculate the frequency of fork-2 What would be the difference of angular frequencies in order to hear the beats clearly, in the case of sound waves ? (A) > 6m (B) < 6x (C)> 120 (D) s 12n Using the superposition, for which of the following waves phenomenon of beats can be possible ? “Ay Oy, Wave equation for two waves propagating the medium and producing beats are: and y, =A sin 2nf;1. What would be the resultant amplitude ? ,sin @t and y, = A,sin c,t (B) y, = A\sin ot and y, in ax and y, = Asin a (D) y, =Asin at and y,= Asin og sin 2nft rad (A)A= > (B) A’ A 2A cox? ( 0 @) W=aateo? 2 [ ‘Two harmonic waves having slightly different frequencies f, and f, superpose on each other to produce beats. The loudness of sound in unit time becomes ..... (A) (f,-A) times maximum and (f, +) times minimum. (B) (f,-f) times maximum and (f,—f,) times minimum. (C) (+A) times maximum and (f,-f) times minimum, (D) (, +A) times maximum and (/,+f.) times minimum. ‘The ratio of the frequencies of the sound of a car hon heard by a stationary traffic police when the car is moving towards and away from him is 1.5. If the speed of the sound is 340 ms, Calculate the speed of the car in ms, (A) 68 (B) 78 (C48 (D) 58 The frequency of the sound of a car horn experienced by a stationary listener, when car is moving towards him is 5% more than its original frequency. If the speed of the sound is 325 ms“, find the speed of the car in ms“ (Ayo es (15 (0) 25 Scanned with CamScanner(153) (154) (155) (156) (157) (158) (159) (160) Find the difference of apparent frequencies of the sound of a car horn heard by a stationary listener when the car is moving towards and away from the listener with a speed of 72 mir! ‘The frequency of the sound emitted by the hom is 1000 Hz, velocity of sound vy = 320 ms". (A) 124.8 Hz (B) 142.8 Hz (C) 184.2 Hz (D) 0 fener with the speed of 72 kmh! and 36 kmbr', Two trains are moving towards a stationary The frequency of the sound of the whistle of both the trains is 200 Hz. Velocity of sound is 320 ms". Caleulate the number of beats heared by the listener in 1s. ws (B)5 (7 (D) 8 The whistle of an engine, approaching a hill with the speed of 72 kmh! produces sound of frequency 600 Hz. Find the frequency heared by the driver of the same engine, of the sound of whistle reflected from the hill. The speed of sound is 320 ms, (A) 680 Hz (B) 700 Hz (C) 780 Hz (D) 860 Hz ‘The driver of a stationary train at the railway plateform blows the whistle of sound frequency 700 Hz. A person is moving towards the train with the speed of 36 kmir!, Calculate the frequency experienced by the person. Velocity of sound v= 330 ms“, (A) 640 Hz (B) 720 Hz (C) 780 Hz (D) 820 Hz A source of sound is moving towards the listener with the speed of 72 kmbr! and the listener is moving away from the source with the speed of 36 kmbr!. The source emitts the sound of frequency 990 Hz with the speed of 350 ms“, Calculate the frequency experienced by the listener, (A) 660 Hz (B) 900 Hz. (C) 1020 Hz (D) 1300 Hz A rickshaw is moving with the speed of 10 ms, A loudspeaker on this rickshaw emits the sound with the speed of 330 ms“. A car is behind this rickshaw and moving towards the rickshaw with the speed of 108 kmbr', Calculate the ratio of the frequency experienced by the driver of the car to the original frequency of the sound emitted by the loudspeaker. 36, 7 18 En w #% By © OF ‘A Radar transmits radio waves of frequency 103 MHz towards an aeroplane. The frequency of the reflected radio waves observed by Radar is 5 kllz more than the frequency send by it Calculate the speed of the aeroplane. Speed of the radio wave is 310° ms“. (A) 0.5 kms (B) kms" (C) 1.5 kms (D) 3 kms! A sound of frequency 500 Hz is performing uniform circular motion on the circumference of a circle of radius 50cm, with a constant angular speed of 20 rads“. A person is standing very far away on the line passing through the centre of this circle and along the plane of the circle. (The person is stationary). The velocity of the sound is 340 ms“. Calculate the maximum and minimum frequency experienced by the person. (A) S15 Hz and 486 Hz (B) 846 Hz and 515 Hz (©) 515 Hz and 400 Hz (D) 648 Hz and 515 Hz Scanned with CamScanner(161) (162) (163) (164) (165) As shown in the figure, a boy is in between a wall and a stationary observer. The boy is walking towards the wall at a speed of 2 ms in a direction at right angles to the walll. The boy blows a whistle. The observer hears 4 beats in Is. If the speed of the Observer Boy sound is 332 ms". Calculate the frequency of the (Steady) Wall whistle. (A) 150 Hz (B) 200 Hz (©) 330 Hz (D) 440 Hz A souree emitting a sound of frequency f, which is placed at a very large distance from the listener. The source starts moving towards the listener with a constant acceleration a. Calculate the frequency experienced by the listener corresponding to the sound emitted just after the source starts. The speed of the sound wee (B) fra © A stationary listener experiences the frequency of a sound of the horn of a car moving towards him with the difference of 10% with the original frequency. Velocity of sound is 330 ms. Compute the velocity of the ear in ms, (A) 10 mst (B) 20 mst (C) 30 mst (D) 40 ms" A train moving towards a stationary listener with a constant speed of 108 km h-!. The driver of the train keeps on blowing the whistle continuously: Calculate the ratio of the frequencies heard by the listener, for the train coming towards him and moving away from him. Velocity of the sound is 330 ms*, (A) 9:8 (B)9:5 (6:1 (D) 6:5 As shown in the figure a train has just completed semicireu- lar path on a U-shaped railway track. The engine is at one Q end of the semicircular path while the last coach is at the other end of the path. The driver blows a whistle of fre- vile queney 160 Hz, Compute the apparent frequency heared by Lar a passenger in the middle of a train. The velocity of the sound is 330 ms, (A) 160 Hz (B) 200 Hz Pen (C) 80 Hz (D) 320 Hz 132 (C), 133 (A), 134 (D), 135 (B), 136 (A), 137 (B), 138 (B), 139 (A), 140 (B), 141 (B), 142 (B), 143 (A), 144 (B), 145 (B), 146 (A), 147 (D), 148 (D), 149 (C), 150 (B), 151 (A), 152 (C), 183 (A), 154 (C), 155 (A), 156 (B), 157 (C), 158 (D), 189 (C), 160 (A), 161 (C), 162 (A), 163 (C), 164 (D), 165 (A) Questions based on practicals (166) In an experiment of determining the force constant of a spring, dead weight is 100 g. When 100 g mass is suspended, the length of the spring increases by | mm and equilibrium is maintained. Now if the mass is given SHM, Calculate its pi ic time. [z = 10° cms] (A) ns (B)2ns (©O0ns (D) 0.02 ns Scanned with CamScanner(167) (168) (169) (170) (71) (2) (173) (174) (175) In an experiment of simple pendulum, the diameter of the sphere is 1.98 cm. The length of the pendulu (A) 38.1 5 (B) 35.85 (€) 538s (D) 13.8 In an experiment to determine the force constant of a spring by the method of oscillations, when the mass 250 g is suspended the periodic time is 0.5 s. What would be the increase in the length of the spring, when the system is in the equilibrium ? (r= 10 and g = 10° ems) (A) 0.625 em (B) 6.25 em (©) 0.625 mm (D) 0.625 m What would be the slope of / > T? graph in an experiment of simple pendulum ? 50 em. Calculate the total time taken for 25 oscillations. [g = 980 cms] we @* Op os In an experiment of simple pendulum, what is the necessary angular amplitude so that the motion of the pendulum can be considerd to be SHM 7 (A) greater than 10° (B) greater than 6° (C) less than 4° (D) in between 6° and 4° ‘A rubber cork is used as the rigid support in an experiment of simple pendulum. By mistake of exp menter, the string comes out of the cork from a thin cruck and oscillates from a point above the lowest end of cork. Then (A) T will be more then its actual value. (B) T will be less than its actual value. (C) T increase, oscillations becomes slow, (D) T increases, oscillations becomes fast. In an experiment of simple pendulum, the length of the pendulum is taken as SO em, 60 cm, 70 em, 80 em and 90 cm. The periodic time is measured by taking 20 oscillations for each length. Then with the increase of length, (A) periodic time decreases, oscillations become slow (B) periodic time decreases, oscillations become fast (© period ne increases, oscillations become slow (D) periodic time increases, oscillations become fast The length of second pendulum from the graph of / > Tis 99.4 cm. The slope of this line is ...... ems, (A) 980.5 (B) 49.75, (©) 24.85 (D) 100 In an experiment of resonance tube, which one of the following is correct regarding the frequency of the fork and balancing length ? (A) length decreases with the increase of frequency (B) length increases with the increase of frequency (C) length will not change with the frequency (D) Initially length increases with increase of frequency and than length decreases In an experiment of resonance tube, what would be the velocity of the sound wave at °C? \ ©) = 1sdar? 1043700 @y= ler Ov Scanned with CamScanner(176) (177) In an expi ent of resonance tube, three readings are taken by using three different frequen- cies, An average value of measured fl is 82.55 Hz m, Calculate the velocity of the sound at the given constant temperature. (A) 3 «10° ms! (B) 165.1 ms (©) 330.2 mst (D) 825.5 ms! In an experiment of measuring speed of sound using resonance tube, a student measures length of tube at first resonance at 12 em, on winter morning (at comparatively low temperature). When high temperature), length for second resonance is found to be x cm. Then which of the followin goptions is correct ? (A) 12> x (B)x> 36 (0)36>x> 12 (D) 36>x>24 same experiment is repeated with same tuning fork in summer afternoon (comparative Ans. : 166 (D), 167 (B), 168 (B), 169 (C), 170 (C), 171 (A), 172 (C), 173 (C), 174 (A), 175 (B), 176 (C), 177 (B) Assertion - Reason type Question : Instruction (178) (179) (180) (181) (182) (183) (184) Read assertion and reason carefull select proper option from given below. (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason explains the assertion, (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason does not explain the assertion. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false. (d) Assertion is false and reason is true. Assertion : All osci Reason — : For small oscillations, motion of the simple pendulum is oscillatory motion. (Aja (B)b Oc (Dd Assertion : The kinetic energy and the mechanical energy of SHO is equal at the end points. tory motions are periodic motions but all periodic motions are not oscillatory. Reason: At the end point, velocity of SHO is zero. (Aya (B)b Oc (D)d Assertion : Acceleration of SHO a =-ay. Reason: Acceleration of SHO is always negative aa ()b Oc (Dd At mean position, acceleration of SHO is zero Assertion Reason: At mean position, velocity of SHO is zero (B)b Oc (Dd : The mechanical energy of SHO does not depend on its displacement. : The mechanical energy of SHO E = 4kA?. Aa (Byb Oc (Od Assertion : At mean position of SHO, its kinetic energy is equal to its mechanical energy. Reason At mean position of SHO, its velocity is zero. a (Bb ©e (ad + Oscillations performed by a hard-spring are slow. Asser Reason — : The force constant of hard spring is high. (Aja (B)b Oc (Dd Scanned with CamScanner(185) (186) (187) (188) (189) (190) (191) (192) (193) (194) Assertion + Reason (Aya Assertion : Reason (Aya Assertion + Reason (Aya Assertion + Reason (A)a Assertion : Reason (Aja Assertion + Reason (aya Assertion Reason (Aya Assertion Reason (Aja Assertion : Reason (Aya Assertion : Reason (Aja + The mecha : The periodic time of SHO is given by T If the kinetic energy of SHO increases, its potential energy decreases and if its PB increases, its K. E. decreases, | energy of SHO remains constant. (B)b @e (@)d ‘The mechanical energy of SHO does not depend on its maximum displacement + The maximum displacement of SHO is equal to its amplitude. (Bb ec (md ‘The periodic time of the simple pendulum increases with the increase of mass of the bob. (Bb (e (D) d On doubling the amplitude of the simple pendulum its period remains the same. The period of the simple pendulum is independent of its amplitude. (Bb Oc (D) d ‘The amplitude of the damped oscillations decreases with time. : There exsi resistive force of air on the oscillator. (B)b (ec (D)d An oscillator can possess more than one natural frequency. : Natural oscillations are performed in the absanse of all external forces. (B)b (ec (D)d : An amplitude of the forced oscillations remains constant, : No external force acts on the forced oscillator. (B)b (ec (D)d During an earthquake, high-rise structures fall down. + The frequency of the Seismic waves is very greater than the natural frequency of high-rise structures. (B)b OMe (@)d Mechanical waves require some elastic medium for their propagation. + Mechanical waves Propogate due to an elastic property of the medium. (B)b Oc (yd Electromagnetic waves space require any medium and even propagate in the free-space. + Electromagnetic waves do not propagate in the medium. (B)b Oc (@)d Scanned with CamScanner