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CH 03

The document discusses different types of metallic crystal structures: 1) Simple cubic structure has a packing density of only 0.52 and is rarely seen except in element Po. 2) Body centered cubic structure has atoms at the corners and center of the unit cell, giving it a packing density of 0.68. Common elements with this structure include Cr, W, and Fe. 3) Face centered cubic structure has the highest packing density of 0.74 by having atoms at the corners and centers of faces. Elements with this structure include Al, Cu, Au, and Ag.

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Suliman Alkabaele
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28 views9 pages

CH 03

The document discusses different types of metallic crystal structures: 1) Simple cubic structure has a packing density of only 0.52 and is rarely seen except in element Po. 2) Body centered cubic structure has atoms at the corners and center of the unit cell, giving it a packing density of 0.68. Common elements with this structure include Cr, W, and Fe. 3) Face centered cubic structure has the highest packing density of 0.74 by having atoms at the corners and centers of faces. Elements with this structure include Al, Cu, Au, and Ag.

Uploaded by

Suliman Alkabaele
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

chapter 3 :Metallic Crystal

Structures

‫سليمان يونس سليمان سعد‬


213257

Chapter 3 - 1
Metallic Crystal Structures
• How can we stack metal atoms to minimize
empty space?
2-dimensions

vs.

Now stack these 2-D layers to make 3-D structures


Chapter 3 - 2
Simple Cubic Structure (SC)
• Rare due to low packing density (only Po has this structure)
• Close-packed directions are cube edges.

• Coordination # = 6
(# nearest neighbors)

Click once on image to start animation


(Courtesy P.M. Anderson)

Chapter 3 - 3
Atomic Packing Factor (APF)
Volume of atoms in unit cell*
APF =
Volume of unit cell
*assume hard spheres
• APF for a simple cubic structure = 0.52
volume
atoms atom
a 4
unit cell 1 p (0.5a) 3
3
R=0.5a APF =
a3 volume
close-packed directions
unit cell
contains 8 x 1/8 =
1 atom/unit cell
Adapted from Fig. 3.24,
Callister & Rethwisch 8e. Chapter 3 - 4
Body Centered Cubic Structure (BCC)
• Atoms touch each other along cube diagonals.
--Note: All atoms are identical; the center atom is shaded
differently only for ease of viewing.

ex: Cr, W, Fe (), Tantalum, Molybdenum


• Coordination # = 8

Adapted from Fig. 3.2,


Click once on image to start animation Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
(Courtesy P.M. Anderson)
2 atoms/unit cell: 1 center + 8 corners x 1/8
Chapter 3 - 5
Atomic Packing Factor: BCC
• APF for a body-centered cubic structure = 0.68
3a

2a

Close-packed directions:
Adapted from R length = 4R = 3 a
Fig. 3.2(a), Callister &
Rethwisch 8e.
a
atoms volume
4
unit cell 2 p ( 3a/4) 3
3 atom
APF =
3 volume
a
unit cell Chapter 3 - 6
Face Centered Cubic Structure (FCC)
• Atoms touch each other along face diagonals.
--Note: All atoms are identical; the face-centered atoms are shaded
differently only for ease of viewing.

ex: Al, Cu, Au, Pb, Ni, Pt, Ag


• Coordination # = 12

Adapted from Fig. 3.1, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.


Click once on image to start animation
(Courtesy P.M. Anderson) 4 atoms/unit cell: 6 face x 1/2 + 8 corners x 1/8

Chapter 3 - 7
Atomic Packing Factor: FCC
• APF for a face-centered cubic structure = 0.74
maximum achievable APF
Close-packed directions:
length = 4R = 2 a
2a
Unit cell contains:
6 x 1/2 + 8 x 1/8
= 4 atoms/unit cell
a
Adapted from
Fig. 3.1(a),
Callister & atoms volume
Rethwisch 8e. 4
unit cell 4 p ( 2a/4) 3
3 atom
APF =
3 volume
a
unit cell
Chapter 3 - 8
Theoretical Density, r

Mass of Atoms in Unit Cell


Density = r =
Total Volume of Unit Cell

r =
nA
VC NA

where n = number of atoms/unit cell


A = atomic weight
VC = Volume of unit cell = a3 for cubic
NA = Avogadro’s number
= 6.022 x 1023 atoms/mol

Chapter 3 - 9

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