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CH 03

The document discusses three common metallic crystal structures: 1. Simple cubic structure, which has the lowest atomic packing factor of 0.52. 2. Body centered cubic structure, which has an atomic packing factor of 0.68. 3. Face centered cubic structure, which is the most efficient packing with an atomic packing factor of 0.74 and includes atoms at the faces of the unit cell in addition to the corners.

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Suliman Alkabaele
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76 views9 pages

CH 03

The document discusses three common metallic crystal structures: 1. Simple cubic structure, which has the lowest atomic packing factor of 0.52. 2. Body centered cubic structure, which has an atomic packing factor of 0.68. 3. Face centered cubic structure, which is the most efficient packing with an atomic packing factor of 0.74 and includes atoms at the faces of the unit cell in addition to the corners.

Uploaded by

Suliman Alkabaele
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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chapter 3 :Metallic Crystal

Structures

‫سليمان يونس سليمان سعد‬


213257

Chapter 3 - 1
Metallic Crystal Structures
• How can we stack metal atoms to minimize
empty space?
2-dimensions

vs.

Now stack these 2-D layers to make 3-D structures


Chapter 3 - 2
Simple Cubic Structure (SC)
• Rare due to low packing density (only Po has this structure)
• Close-packed directions are cube edges.

• Coordination # = 6
(# nearest neighbors)

Click once on image to start animation


(Courtesy P.M. Anderson)

Chapter 3 - 3
Atomic Packing Factor (APF)
Volume of atoms in unit cell*
APF =
Volume of unit cell
*assume hard spheres
• APF for a simple cubic structure = 0.52
volume
atoms atom
a 4
unit cell 1 (0.5a) 3
3
R=0.5a APF =
a3 volume
close-packed directions
unit cell
contains 8 x 1/8 =
1 atom/unit cell
Adapted from Fig. 3.24,
Callister & Rethwisch 8e. Chapter 3 - 4
Body Centered Cubic Structure (BCC)
• Atoms touch each other along cube diagonals.
--Note: All atoms are identical; the center atom is shaded
differently only for ease of viewing.

ex: Cr, W, Fe (), Tantalum, Molybdenum


• Coordination # = 8

Adapted from Fig. 3.2,


Click once on image to start animation Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
(Courtesy P.M. Anderson)
2 atoms/unit cell: 1 center + 8 corners x 1/8
Chapter 3 - 5
Atomic Packing Factor: BCC
• APF for a body-centered cubic structure = 0.68
3a

2a

Close-packed directions:
Adapted from R length = 4R = 3 a
Fig. 3.2(a), Callister &
Rethwisch 8e.
a
atoms volume
4
unit cell 2  ( 3a/4) 3
3 atom
APF =
3 volume
a
unit cell Chapter 3 - 6
Face Centered Cubic Structure (FCC)
• Atoms touch each other along face diagonals.
--Note: All atoms are identical; the face-centered atoms are shaded
differently only for ease of viewing.

ex: Al, Cu, Au, Pb, Ni, Pt, Ag


• Coordination # = 12

Adapted from Fig. 3.1, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.


Click once on image to start animation
(Courtesy P.M. Anderson) 4 atoms/unit cell: 6 face x 1/2 + 8 corners x 1/8

Chapter 3 - 7
Atomic Packing Factor: FCC
• APF for a face-centered cubic structure = 0.74
maximum achievable APF
Close-packed directions:
length = 4R = 2 a
2a
Unit cell contains:
6 x 1/2 + 8 x 1/8
= 4 atoms/unit cell
a
Adapted from
Fig. 3.1(a),
Callister & atoms volume
Rethwisch 8e. 4 3
unit cell 4 ( 2a/4)
3 atom
APF =
3 volume
a
unit cell
Chapter 3 - 8
Theoretical Density, 

Mass of Atoms in Unit Cell


Density =  =
Total Volume of Unit Cell

nA
 =
VC NA

where n = number of atoms/unit cell


A = atomic weight
VC = Volume of unit cell = a3 for cubic
NA = Avogadro’s number
= 6.022 x 1023 atoms/mol

Chapter 3 - 9

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