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Complex Numbers for Math Students

Addition and subtraction of complex numbers involves separately adding or subtracting the real and imaginary parts of the numbers. Multiplication of complex numbers involves treating all quantities as real and using the property that j^2 = -1 to simplify the expression. Division of complex numbers uses multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator.

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54 views4 pages

Complex Numbers for Math Students

Addition and subtraction of complex numbers involves separately adding or subtracting the real and imaginary parts of the numbers. Multiplication of complex numbers involves treating all quantities as real and using the property that j^2 = -1 to simplify the expression. Division of complex numbers uses multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator.

Uploaded by

Gian Negrillo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Addition and subtraction of complex numbers

Two complex numbers are added/subtracted by adding/subtracting separately the two real parts and the two
imaginary parts.
For example, if Z1 = a + jb and Z2 = c + jd,
hen Z1 + Z2 = (a + jb) + (c + jd)
= (a + c) + j(b + d)
and Z1 − Z2 = (a + jb) − (c + jd)
= (a − c) + j(b − d)
Thus, for example,
(2 + j3) + (3 − j4) = 2 + j3 + 3 − j4 = 5 − j1

Given Z1 = 2 + j4 and Z2 = 3 − j
determine (a) Z1 + Z2, (b) Z1 − Z2, (c) Z2 − Z1 and show the results on an Argand diagram
Multiplication and division of complex numbers
Multiplication of complex numbers is achieved by assuming all quantities involved are real and then using j 2 =
−1 to simplify.
Hence (a + jb)(c + jd)
= ac + a( jd) + ( jb)c + ( jb)( jd)
=ac + jad + jbc + j2bd
==(ac − bd) + j(ad + bc),
since j2 = −1

Thus (3 + j2)(4 − j5)


= 12 − j15 + j8 − j210
= (12 − (−10)) + j(−15 + 8)
= 22 – j7

Division of complex numbers is achieved by multiplying both numerator and denominator by the
complex conjugate of the denominator.
For example,
Problem No. 1
If Z1 = 1 − j3, Z2 = −2 + j5 and Z3 = −3 − j4, determine in a + jb form:
Problem
Complex equations
f two complex numbers are equal, then their real parts are equal and their imaginary parts are equal.
Hence if a + jb = c + jd, then a = c and b = d.
Solve the complex equations:
(a) 2(x + jy) = 6 − j3
(b) (1 + j2)(−2 − j3) = a + jb
(c) (2 − j3) = √(a + jb)
(d) (x − j2y) + ( y − j3x) = 2 + j

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