HOT WATER
SUPPLY SYSTEM
LASHIN
TYPES OF HEATERS
• Solar Heater
• Oil Heater
• Gas Heater
• Electrical Heater
• Boilers
• Heat Pump
TYPES OF HEATERS
• Directly Heated Automatic Storage
• Instantaneous Heaters
• Booster Heaters
• Semi-Instantaneous Heaters
• Storage Water Heaters
HEATER CAPACITY
( STORAGE TANK CAPACITY )
• Probable Maximum Demand =Possible Max. Demand * Demand Factor
• Storage Tank Capacity = Probable Max. Demand * Storage Factor
• Storage Tank Capacity ( Gallon ) = ∑ GPH * Demand Factor * Storage Factor
• Example 1 ( HOUSE )
EXAMPLES
• Lavatory ( Private ) ---- 2 GPH ( 7.6 LPH )
• Bathtub ----------------- 20 GPH ( 76 LPH )
• Kitchen Sink ----------- 10 GPH ( 38 LPH )
___________________
∑ GPH = 32, ∑ LPH = 121.6
• Demand Factor = 0.3
• Storage Factor = 1.25
• Storage Tank Capacity ( Gallon ) = ∑ GPH * Demand Factor * Storage Factor
= 32 * 0.3 * 1.25 = 12 Gallon
or = 121.6 * 0.3 * 1.25 = 45 Liter
• Example 2
EXAMPLES
( Apartment HOUSE )
• Lavatory ( 60 ) -------- 02 GPH ( 120GPH )
• Bathtub ( 30 ) -------- 20 GPH ( 600 GPH )
• Kitchen Sink ( 60 ) -------- 10 GPH ( 600 GPH )
• Showers ( 30 ) -------- 30 GPH ( 900 GPH )
• Laundry Tubs ( 15 ) -------- 20 GPH ( 300 GPH )
___________________
∑ GPH = 2520
• Demand Factor = 0.3
• Storage Factor = 1.25
• Storage Tank Capacity ( Gallon ) = ∑ GPH * Demand Factor * Storage Factor
= 2520 * 0.3 * 1.25 = 945 Gallon
TYPICAL HOT WATER TEMPERATURE
TYPES OF HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
• Conventional Up Feed
• Conventional Down Feed
• Combination Up and Down Feed
• Inverted Up Feed
• Inverted Down Feed
• Inverted Combination Up Feed and Down Feed
HOT WATER CIRCULATION SYSTEM
HEAT LOSS
CIRCULATION PUMP FLOW & HEAD
– An allowance of 1 gpm for each medium size hot water riser ( 1.25 : 1.5 ) inch
• 1 gpm ( 1.25 : 1.5 ) in
– An allowance of 2 gpm for each larger size hot water riser ( 2 ) inch and larger
• 2 gpm ( 2) in and larger
– An allowance of 1 gpm is assigned for each group of 20 hot water supplied
fixtures
CIRCULATION PUMP HEAD
Zero Zero
• Pump Head = Hstatic + Hfriction + Hresidual
• Circulation Pump Head = Friction losses for longest runner
– Friction losses = ( pipe length + fitting equivalent length ) * pressure
loss ( ft /100 ft )
EXAMPLE
• 4 Lavatory * 1 * 0.75 = 3 WSFU
• 4 Showers * 2 * 0.75 = 6 WSFU
• 2 Bathtub * 2 * 0.75 = 3 WSFU
• 4 Bidet * 2 * 0.75 = 6 WSFU
• 2 Sinks * 2 * 0.75 = 6 WSFU
-----------------
Total = 21 FU
– For every 20 FU provide 1 GPM
• So, Pump Flowrate = 21/20 = 1.05 GPM
• Normally hot water fixture unit is 0.75 of total fixture unit
EXAMPLE
• Lavatory ( 8 ) ------ 2 GPH ------- 16 GPH
• Kitchen Sink ( 4 ) 30 GPH ------ 120 GPH
• Showers ( 4 ) ------ 75 GPH ------ 300 GPH
• Bathtubs ( 4 ) ------ 20 GPH ------- 8 GPH
_______
∑ GPH = 516
• Storage Tank Capacity = 516 * 0.25 * 0.8 = 104 gallon
• 2 Lavatory * 0.5 = 1 FU
• 1 Kitchen Sink * 3 = 3 FU
• 1 Shower *1 = 1 FU
• 1 Bathtub *1 = 1 FU
_______
∑ FU = 6
Pipe Pipe Size BTU / hr . ft Pipe Length Heat Loss BTU /
hr
A to B 1.25 39 33 1287
B to C 1.25 39 13 507
C to D 1.25 39 13 507
D to E 1 32 13 416
21717
• Total heat Loss )supply riser = 2717 BTU / hr
• Total heat Loss )return riser = ( 2 / 3 ) * 2717 = 1811 BTU / hr
• Total heat Loss )supply + return riser = 4528.3 BTU / hr
• Circulation Pump Flowrate = 4528.3 / 10000 = 0.5 gpm
• Circulation Pump Head = Friction losses in largest runner
• Friction losses = 2 * ( pipe length + fitting equivalent length ) * pressure drop ( psi / 100 ft )
• Friction losses in pipes = 2 * ( 7.5 * 13 + 6 * 13 + 6 * 13 + 6 * 33 ) / 100 = 10 psi
• Friction losses in fittings = 30 % of friction losses in pipes ( Assume )
• Total Friction losses = 10 + 3 = 13 psi
• Pump Head = Total Friction losses = 13 psi = 1 bar
