Solution
FIRST BOOK TEST
Class 12 - Physics
1.
(d) (ϕ − ϕ ) ε
2 1 0
Explanation: The net electric flux leaving the enclosed surface
= (ϕ − ϕ )
2 1
If q is net charge inside the enclosed surface, then according to Gauss' theorem,
q
ϕ2 − ϕ1 =
ε0
or q = (ϕ 2 − ϕ1 ) ε0
2. (a) 4 × 10-7 Nm
Explanation: τ max = pE = q × 2a × E
= 2 × 10-10 × 1 × 10-2 × 2 × 105 Nm
= 4 × 10-7 Nm
3.
(b) zero
Explanation: As on an equipotential surface, the potential is constant. Thus the potential difference between two points in
zero. So,
( Vb − Va )
W= q
will be equal to zero as Vb - Va = 0
4.
(d) 1
2
ε0 E
2
Ad
ε0 A
Explanation: U = 1
2
CV
2
=
1
2
(
d
)E
2
d
2
=
1
2
ε0 E
2
Ad
5.
(b) decreases with increase in its conductivity
Explanation: Resistance is defined as the property of a conductor to resist the flow of charges through it. The resistance of the
conductor is numerically given as the ratio of potential difference across its length to the current flowing through it. It is
denoted by "R" and its SI unit is ohm (Ω)
6.
(b) 3 Ω
Explanation: The fourth arm has resistances S and 6 Ω in parallel with equivalent resistance = 6S
6 + S
Ω
For the balanced Wheatstone bridge,
2(6 + S)
P
Q
=
R
6S
or 2
2
=
6S
or 3S = 6 + S or S = 3 Ω
7.
(c)
1
Explanation: B inside ∝ r and B outside ∝
r
8.
G
(d) 49
Explanation: If Ig is the current through the galvanometer of resistance G and I is the total current through it,
Ig G = (I − Ig ) S ,
Ig
where S is the shunt resistance S = I−Ig
G .
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Since I g =
2
100
I = 0.02I
Ig
∴ S= I−Ig
G =
0.02I
I−0.02I
G =
2
98
G =
G
49
9.
E0 I0
(c) 2
cosϕ
Explanation: Pav = EvIv cosϕ
E0 I0 E0 I0
= × cosϕ =
2
cosϕ
√2 √2
where ,cosϕ is called the power factor of ac circuit.
10. (a) 4800 W, 0.6
Explanation: R = 3Ω
L = 25.48mH
C = 796μF
Vrms = 283V
f = 50Hz
Impedance
−3
XL = 2πf L = 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 25.48 × 10 = 8Ω
1 1
XC = = = 4Ω
2πf C −6
2×3.14×50×796×10
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
Z = √R + (XL − XC ) = √3 + (8 − 4) = 5Ω
Power dissipated in the circuit,
P = i2R
im 1 Vrms 1 283
i = = = × = 40A
√2 √2 Z √2 5
2
P = i R = 40 × 40 × 3 = 4800W
power factor,
R 3
cos ϕ = = = 0.6
Z 5
11. (a) 200 V - 50 Hz
N2
Explanation: ε 2 =
N1
⋅ ε1 =
500
50
× 20 = 200 V
The frequency remains unchanged.
12. (a) 2 × 10 −7
T
Eo 60
Explanation: B o =
c
=
8
= 2 × 10
−7
T
(3× 10 )
13. Let us assume that the charge q = ±10μC = ±10 C is placed at a distance of 5 cm from the square ABCD of each side 10
−5
cm. The square ABCD can be considered as one of the six faces of a cubic Gaussian surface of each side 10 cm.
Now the total electric flux through the faces of the cube as per Gaussian theorem
q
ϕ =
ε0
Therefore, the total electric flux through the square ABCD will be
1 1 q
ϕE = × ϕ = ×
6 6 ε0
−5
1 10
= ×
6 −12
8.854×10
= 1.88 × 10
5
Nm2C-1
Therefore, electric flux through the square is 1.88 × 105 Nm2C-1.
14. i. Charge on capacitor remains same.
i.e, CV = C'V' (where V and V' are the potential between the plates of the capacitor before and after insertion of the dielectric
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medium)
′ ′ V
⇒ C V = (K C ) V ⇒ V =
K
Now electric field between the plates
′
′ V V
E = ′
=
d Kd
′ E
⇒ E =
K
Electric field between the two plates becomes 1/K times the previous original value.
ii. Energy stored initially,
2
q
U =
2C
Energy stored later,
2
q
∴ U
′
=
2KC
[∵ C ′
= KC ]
2
q
where, K =dielectric constant of the medium ⇒ U ′
=
1
K
(
2C
) ⇒ U
′
=
1
K
(U ) ⇒ U
′
=
1
K
× U
That means the stored energy in the capacitor decreases and becomes K
1
times of previous original stored energy value.
15. Current in series circuit is given by
ε1 + ε2 1 + 2 3
Is = = =
r1 + r2 + R 2 + 1 + 2 3 + R
When the two cells are connected in parallel,
ε1 r2 + ε2 r1 1 × 1 + 2×2 5
εeq = = =
r1 + r2 2 + 1 3
r1 r2 1 × 2 2
req = = =
r1 + r2 1 + 2 3
Current in the parallel circuit is given by
5
εeq
3 5
Ip = = =
req +R 2 2+3R
+R
3
As Is = Ip
3 5
∴ =
3 + R 2 + 3R
or 6 + 9R = 15 + 5R
or R = = 2.25 Ω
9
More heat will be generated in series case due to larger resistance.
16. Ampere's circuital law: It states that the line integral of magnetic field B along any closed loop is equal to µ0 times the total
current passing through the loop.
i.e. ∮ B ⋅ dl = μ I 0
When there is a symmetry in the system such as for an infinitely long conductor wire carrying a steady current I, the magnetic
field can be calculated easily using Ampere Circuital Law. Consider the Figure.
Here, B (magnetic field) is tangential to circumference of the circular loop. The magnetic field at point P at a distance R from the
centre of the circular loop is calculated as under.
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∮ B. dl = μo I
B. 2πR = μo I
⇒ B = μ0 I /2πR [From Ampere's Circuital law]
The direction of magnetic field will be determined by Right Hand Thumb Rule.
17. The bar P is paramagnetic because magnetic lines of force are less dense in it than in Q.
18. Diamagnetic material. (susceptibility of diamagnetic materials<1)
Properties:
i. They have the tendency to move from stronger to weaker part of the external magnetic field.
ii. They expel magnetic field lines.
iii. Such substances are repelled by a bar magnet.
iv. When placed in an external magnetic field, a net magnetic dipole moment is developed inside it which is in a direction
opposite to that of the applied magnetic field. (any two)
19. Add Answer
20. i. Mutual inductance is numerically equal to the induced emf in the secondary coil when the current in the primary coil changes
by unity.
ii. in the question mutual inductance of two long coaxial solenoids of same length l wound one over the other is given by:-
Let a current l2 flow in the secondary coil
μ0 N2 i2
∴ B2 = l
μ0 N2 N1 A1 i2
∴ Flux linked with the primary coil = l
= M12i2
μ0 N2 N1 A1
Hence, M12 = l
N1 N2
μ0 n2 n1 A1 l (n1 = ; n2 = )
l l
21. a. A transformer works on the principle of mutual induction.
(Alternatively-an emf is induced in the secondary coil when the magnetic flux, linked with it changes with time due to a (time)
changing magnetic flux linked with the primary coil).
b. The efficiency of a transformer equals the ratio of the output power to the input power. The input and output power are
measured in the same unit
Alternatively:
output power
Efficiency = input power
Vs Is
Efficiency = Vp Ip
c. Efficiency is affected by the factors
i. Eddy current losses
ii. joule heat losses
iii. hysteresis losses
iv. magnetic flux leakage losses
d. Calculating the current drawn
We have
Vs Is
Vp Ip
= 90% = 0.9
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22Is
∴
220Ip
= 0.9
Is 0.9
or Ip
=
0.1
=9
22
( )
I5
Ip = A
440
∴ =
9 9
=
1
180
A
= 0.0056 A
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