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Lecture 13

The time rate of change of mass within the control volume plus the net mass flow rate through the control surface is equal to zero. This expresses the general principle of conservation of mass in rate form for steady flow processes, where the total amount of mass entering a control volume must equal the total amount leaving.

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18 views8 pages

Lecture 13

The time rate of change of mass within the control volume plus the net mass flow rate through the control surface is equal to zero. This expresses the general principle of conservation of mass in rate form for steady flow processes, where the total amount of mass entering a control volume must equal the total amount leaving.

Uploaded by

sanyamjain51150
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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the time rate of change of mass within the control volume plus the

net mass flow rate through the control surface is equal to zero.

General
conservation of
mass in rate form 1
2
Mass Balance for Steady-Flow Processes
During a steady-flow process, the total amount of mass contained within a
control volume does not change with time (mCV = constant).
Then the conservation of mass principle requires that the total amount of mass
entering a control volume equal the total amount of mass leaving it.

For steady-flow processes, we are interested


in the amount of mass flowing per unit time,
that is, the mass flow rate.
Multiple inlets
and exits
Single
stream

Many engineering devices such as nozzles,


diffusers, turbines, compressors, and
pumps involve a single stream (only one
inlet and one outlet).

3
Special Case: Incompressible Flow
The conservation of mass relations can be simplified even further when
the fluid is incompressible, which is usually the case for liquids.

Steady,
incompressible

Steady,
incompressible
flow (single stream)

There is no such thing as a “conservation of


volume” principle.
For steady flow of liquids, the volume flow
rates, as well as the mass flow rates,
remain constant since liquids are essentially
incompressible substances.

4
FLOW WORK AND THE
ENERGY OF A FLOWING FLUID
Flow work, or flow energy: The work (or energy)
required to push the mass into or out of the control
volume. This work is necessary for maintaining a
continuous flow through a control volume.

5
Total Energy of a Flowing Fluid
The flow energy is
automatically taken
care of by enthalpy.
h = u + Pv In fact, this is the
main reason for
defining the property
enthalpy.

The total energy consists of three parts for a nonflowing fluid and
four parts for a flowing fluid. 6
Energy Transport by Mass

When the kinetic and potential energies


of a fluid stream are negligible

When the properties of the mass at


each inlet or exit change with time
as well as over the cross section

7
ENERGY ANALYSIS OF
STEADY-FLOW SYSTEMS
Steady-flow process: A process
during which a fluid flows through
a control volume steadily.

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