PAGE N0
DATE
Salts
Sbstanceswhich
Consists
Salts are athe Cation_Otherfhan H
Ananion And
and_OH on
NaLl a T CIbaSO2
baSO 37 ND
A
LND)g
Eamily_of Salts tht
Consis ts_of
'
qrup_at Salts which
lhe Saidto he the
be the
anioniS
Same (otinn_0r
at the Salt
thetamily i s Given_hu
The name of 6 Common
(ommona
o t _ t h e 0 n which
he hame
the Salts
adium_famils_at Salts
eg
NaLL
Sodium_Chlaride_
Sodium bicarbenate NaHln
Sadium arhonate NaC0
Sodum hosphate Na, PO4
Sooum 5ulphte NagS04
Chlpde famils of Sal
Sodum Chloricde NaC
htussiven choride KUL
Ammpninhloride2 NH4U
PAGE NOO.
/DATE:
Magnesiunm_ hloride Mq l2
Aluminium_ Chloride ALCl3
ClassiticaLion of salks solutions
The Salts can he classified into 3 iypes
hased on the pH_Values heyare
Aidiz Salt Solution
BasicSaltSalt Solution
) Neutral balt soltion
The Salt Slution for uhith_the pH Value
is less than i s dekined as an Cidic
Salt Solution
NormallyQcidi Salt Solution is formed bu he
reactionbeTuween a Stron aid anda wenk
eacion
bASe
e9 NHCLAmmonium Chlopide
IEis formed hus the reation betueen
Ammonium_hudrozide whithIS a wak baseand
hydrochlori aciduhich i s a strong
strong acid
is_LonSidered to be_an acidic Salt selution
it
NH,OH + Strong
HCLaEid NH4Ct
t_Hz0
aidic salt
weak base Solutien
Solution is more
value ot the
IE thepH
alledbasic Salt Solvtion
than 7 henitis
PAGE NO.:
DATE:
Lrenerally DasicSal
Salution iS formed
eL
uhen a strona base
eactsJLtha
weak
aid CHzoONa_Sodium acetate
t aARh formedbs hetweena
the reacLion_
base
Sodlium hydroxideWhith A Strona n
4 AceticQuid ethunaic Aad whithS 0 enk
acid So it is (onsidered_[o Debe aabasi
boc
Salt Solutien
Na OH t CH3 (00 H CH: COD Na Ha0
strong Weak acid basicSalvEjon
5alt
bas
The Salt. Solution for whith pH 1alu
is qualto 7 then it is knaun as
ngstral Sat Solution
IE isformed bs he_reaction between
Strong QLid nd a Stronq bas.e_
Nall |Sodium Chlonide
It S formed trom S0dium hudroxide
uhith iS 0 Strong baSe And hudmaen_
chloridewhich Strona aid So it is
(Onsidered to be a neitm Setereina Salt_Salutin
NaOH tHC Nat Ha0
strong base STrong, Nevtral
Salt Selutian
Lonon Salt
IES chemically called Sodium chloridelhe
chemical tormula s NaClL
The other COmmpn amesDt COYmmon SalE
are rnck_Salt and table Salt
Preparatibn
Common Salt spreparedhy eachinq Yeacting
reacting
Sodium hydrDxide with hydrachloric acid
NaOHtHCL NaCltHa0
LomnonSalt kManutactured bu the
the eazi
Pvapouratian ot Sea uater at_Salt pans
Electrolysis of brine Solution
ot Common Salt
The SaturatedL aqueous Solution
defined as brine Solution
Electralysis__brine Solvtion resultsin the
hydroxide Lan_alkali hydregen
tormation Of_ Sadiun
gasSo thisproress
and chlorineqas
PROCESS
Lalled CHLOR- AIKALI
Electrolysis 2Na0H + H t (,f
Nat2H20
a t theCathode and
releaSed
Hydrogen gas 6 t the during node the
releas.ed a t
Chlorinegas Solution hydroaidle is
Sodium hudroxide is
electralusisot brine Heinptpities let
near the Cathode
ormed CPTo)
left behzd
bPhitid
belou the
belou the onode
are left
impurities anode mud
lhe alled
and it i s
2Lses_of NaCH the IManutactvred
Manutactvre
isUSed in the
CausticStda
SQays nd deteraents
OEpperand
isLKed in the Making
a r t i t i c i a l f i b r e s
metuls
NaOH IS USed tor _degreasinq
2Uses_af hudrogen
USed aS fuel
Hydrngenation ot_ Oil improves the uste nd
preservation ois
ArononiaSManLtacluredby Usinghudrcaen
2ses_t_Chlorine
Chlorine is Sed tor disintectingunter
iS_USed in bleaching thefibres
3 Chlocines the_one ot the (onstitutnTs
PYAly VinylChloride
yses_of ommon Salt
MprovesS he tnste of foc
) (ommo SaltisUSed as a Preservatiue
BIt iS USed in metting he iceOn
the
in European (Ountries
LormmonSalt is mixed pith ice to make
reezingmixDre
PAGE N
DATE
de aking Jodla
baking Soda is_Chemically called
hicarbonate Cor Sodium hydregtn cuu_ Sodiurn
thas the chemica formula of hydrogen.tarhonale-
NaHU
Canhe prepared DypASSing Larbon dioxide
aas through mmonig.cal brine SoluTion
Nal tHa0 t_MH2 t C02 MaHCD+ NHC1
e_Uses_ the
Hakinq Soda isUSed in baking Cakes and
breadsin the torm of bakinggOwder
baking- powder is the mixture Df bakinq scda
and an egiblecid ike ditri or Tartaric acd
which Lan prodiure Carhon dioxide on heatina
NaHLOt Hy2 Na t HoD t C0,f
baking_hude
Settleson the Surtace
The Larbon ioaide
_0E_ake and breadwhich wil make the
product soft and tlufty- be aked wimcu
Cakes and breads_Can
he
of bakiag powder but They will he
the addition
Small and hard
amild base md saitis sed
Vaking Soda is whjch usedto
Subslance
as an antacid
in Stomach
redure the anta nidity
PAGE NO.:
DATE:
aid fire
I t iS Sed
inwhith baing
in Soda
Soda is kept in aLinguisher
LOntainer and Strong
SLDng mineral
Lid
also stored in it Care must_be_to
tuker,
Such that they do notE Mix taether
They are to be Shaken wel betore i
t SUch that_ the o larae amunt_
SLG
Carbon releasedL Wth
passed DVer the burninq obieut Su
that Re fire is extinquished
AaHL0tH at+ Ha0 [0,1
hashing Soda
WashinsSoda ischemicalls_alled mhum
SodivmLarborate orDetahydated Sodium_CarhnatL
and its_oleculay formula _Mg CO, 10Ha
Jashina-
three
Soda isprepared bu a_methad
steps
Larhon dioxide Qas iS_prepared throvghHuman
brine Solution fo torm_baing Seda and
Ammoniu Chlaride
MhtHa0 tNH t CO 2 NaH0+ NH,-
baking Soda is Strongly heatedto tor
Sada ar ash water and Carbon_dioxicle
2aHLO NuaCO3 t Ha0 tCo% 1
[ 5«da qsh
PAGE NO
DATE
Coda 2shishudrat.ed to torm
Seda Washing Soda
agCO 10Ha0 2agLlD3 10Ho
[washing Seda )
VSES
Washing Snda isUSedinussSup and Daper
jndustru
) lts VSed to removeermanent hardness
Water
5 Sed as deanSinq LQent in_domesti
Plaster fhris POP
Plaster of aris has the themicanane
lcium
Hemihydroted (alciun Sulphate Or
Sulphatehemihydate lts_molecular rmul
CaSD4 YHa0
Plaster af Paris is prepared hy heatin
arypsum_at00'C
A
H0 2 H20
CaSDy 2Ha0 100° aSO4
TypSun Plaster of faris
plaster of paris iS
is
ot
Ihe vnique nalure
maSS ot upsun whenit
to form hard
I5mixed Wih wate
12 HaO CasO 2Ha0
a SO4 + h H20,+
Typsu m
PoP
CORGE
DATE
the temperalure is vaised More
hepreparalion of pluster otpar
durinathe han 10
then it resultsin he formatiop_
Calcium Sulpha.Le_/hich 1S (ommenly
dead burnt plasterlt does not_hay Cgled
Unique natiure OE plaster oF_paris
USes
Plasterof_paris i USed tor_makina
E_Ceiling
Stadu and tays are madeby
vsinA_ene
i s used in the treatmen for
Dones to_make handags feacTuren
bleachingPowder
B hemtalls (allea
ithas the Molecuilar _CaltiumOxichloride
formula of all
preparelD assing chlorine gas through ske
laLDHJa_t
,lak ed
Cla (a0lla t Ha
Tne bleading
powder
beathing powder is mixed wihuuterik
thlorine40 whichsresponsi ble tor he preperl
blgadhing OwPr
CaOCla t h0 Calon) t (t
PAGE NO
LUses
Bletuchin4 Powderis USed tor bleachina fihre
fibre
in textie industries and wOodpulh in aer
industru
I tI t 1S USedin the dist disinfection ot water
sVery Qond OXudisin4- 00PAL
hATEROF LRYSTALLISATION
wlater of (rystallis.ation is the fiedme
g wnter molecules Dres.entin_ Oneormula ni
a Salt Ihe following table ieS he
/ater ot Crys[allisation ot differen Salts
S Name_a the Salk Formula Water o
No Crstallisation
Nag LO 10H20 10
wlashingSoda
LuSO4 5Hh0 5
. Bve_vitrol
3 Creen itrol feSO4 Ha
aSO H0 V2
4.Plaster_ Pari's
CaS04QHa0
5 ysun
MgSOn 11lz0
6. Epsom Salt
Aivity
Aclivtyto
a
prose
Ctysalallisalion
he presenLe
ootuhle
)Blue colaured hudratedopper olphate_yLysta
are taken in drycleanTest tube
The test tube is heated Strongly
3 Jt is observed that the blne Colou ot h
Salt Slowly ades Qway
he Salt los.es the blue Colour and become
t:
5 happens due tohe oSs ot water
Crust allisation irom the Salt-
6 Con beobServedBhat Some_water drnplets
Ore formed at the MOuth o the
test test ube whith 0re onmed duE
the (ondenSationot water vapours that
released from the Salt
ee dropsot wnter is dded
to he Qthudites
Copper Sulphate Crnystals then
blue OlourOgain itregains he-
Lusoy_5H30
CBlue CoSOH +5Ha
white ]
DATE:
boiling wbe
Wotr doplets
WATC (RISTALSATN
KoMoyLNL
