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Integration by Parts Examples

This document provides examples and solutions for integrating functions using various techniques like integration by parts, trigonometric substitutions, and partial fractions. It begins with examples of integration by parts, including repeated applications of the technique. Next, it covers integrating trigonometric functions like powers of sine and cosine using identities and reduction formulas. Trigonometric substitutions are then discussed as another integration technique. Finally, techniques for decomposing rational functions into partial fractions are presented along with examples of integrating those decomposed forms.

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Ahsanul Amin Shanto
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52 views30 pages

Integration by Parts Examples

This document provides examples and solutions for integrating functions using various techniques like integration by parts, trigonometric substitutions, and partial fractions. It begins with examples of integration by parts, including repeated applications of the technique. Next, it covers integrating trigonometric functions like powers of sine and cosine using identities and reduction formulas. Trigonometric substitutions are then discussed as another integration technique. Finally, techniques for decomposing rational functions into partial fractions are presented along with examples of integrating those decomposed forms.

Uploaded by

Ahsanul Amin Shanto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 7

(Follows from [1] Anton, …)


Chapter 7.2 Integration by Parts

∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥 ) ∫ 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 )[∫ 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥] 𝑑𝑥

𝐺 (𝑥 ): = ∫ 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝐺(𝑥) − ∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) 𝐺(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Example 1
Example 2 Evaluate ∫ 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution
According to LIATE, let

Example 3 Evaluate ∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution
1
Let, 𝑢 = ln 𝑥 , 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 so that 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑣 = 𝑥
𝑥
Thus, ∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
1
= (ln 𝑥 )𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥

Repeated Integration by Parts:


Example 4 Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥2 𝑒−𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

= −𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 + 2𝐼1 , (say) (1)

Now we repeat the same process to evaluate


𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥𝑒−𝑥 𝑑𝑥 as follows

So that, 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥𝑒−𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =

Substituting, this 𝐼1 into equation (1)

Example 5 Evaluate ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥


Solution
Let,

Thus, 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢


= 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝐼1 , (say) (1)

Now we repeat the process to evaluate


𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑒𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 as follows

Substituting this 𝐼1 into (1),

Example 6 Evaluate ∫ tan−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Solution

Reduction Formulas
Example 8 Evaluate ∫ cos4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution


Exercise 7.2
Chapter 7.3 Integrating Trigonometric Functions

Integrating Powers of Sine and Cosine


By using the identities,

sin2 𝑥 = 1 − cos 2 𝑥 and cos2 𝑥 = 1 − sin2 𝑥

H.W.
Example 1 Find the volume V of the solid that is obtained when
the region under the curve 𝑦 = sin2 𝑥 over the interval [0, π] is
revolved about the x-axis (Figure 7.3.1).

Integrating Products of Sines and Cosines


Example 2 Evaluate
(a) ∫ sin4 𝑥 cos5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (b) ∫ sin4 𝑥 cos 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution (a)

Solution (b)
Example 3 Evaluate ∫ sin 7𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution
Integrating Powers of Tangent and Secant
Example 4

Solution (a)
Solution (b)

Solution (c)
An Alternative Method for Integrating Powers of Sine, Cosine,
Tangent, and Secant
The methods in Tables 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 can sometimes be applied
if m = 0 or n = 0 to integrate positive integer powers of sine,
cosine, tangent, and secant without reduction formulas. For
example, instead of using the reduction formula to integrate
sin3 𝑥, we can apply the second procedure in Table 7.3.1:

Exercise Set 7.3 Evaluate the integral


Chapter 7.4 Trigonometric Substitutions

Example 1 Evaluate
𝑑𝑥
∫
𝑥 2 √4 − 𝑥 2
Solution
Example 2 Evaluate
√2
𝑑𝑥
∫
1 𝑥 2 √4 − 𝑥 2
Solution
Example 3 (H.W)

Example 4

Solution
Example 5

Solution
Example 5

Solution
Exercise Set 7.4 Evaluate the integral
(Assignment - 33, 34)!

Evaluate the integral

7.5 Integrating Rational Functions by Partial Fractions

Partial Fractions

Equating the coefficient of x and constant terms and then solving


we obtain 𝐴 = 2 , 𝐵 = 3.
Example 1

Solution

=>

=>


Example 2

Solution

=>
=>
=>

=>


Example 3

=>

Integrating Improper Rational Functions
Example 5


Exercise Set 7.5 Evaluate the integral

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