Chapter 7

INTEGRALS

7.1 Overview
d
7.1.1 Let F (x) = f (x). Then, we write f  x dx = F (x) + C. These integrals are
dx

called indefinite integrals or general integrals, C is called a constant of integration.
All these integrals differ by a constant.

7.1.2 If two functions differ by a constant, they have the same derivative.

7.1.3 Geometrically, the statement  f  x dx = F (x) + C = y (say) represents a

family of curves. The different values of C correspond to different members of this
family and these members can be obtained by shifting any one of the curves parallel
to itself. Further, the tangents to the curves at the points of intersection of a line x = a
with the curves are parallel.

7.1.4 Some properties of indefinite integrals

(i) The process of differentiation and integration are inverse of each other,
d
i.e., f  x dx  f 
 and  f ' x dx  f  x  C , where C is any
x
dx
arbitrary constant.

(ii) Two indefinite integrals with the same derivative lead to the same family
of curves and so they are equivalent. So if f and g are two functions such
that
d d
f  x dx  g(x) dx , then f  x dx and g  x dx are equivalent.
  
the functions i.e.,  f  x  g  x  dx =  f  +  g  x
x dx dx .
 dx dx

(iii) The integral of the sum of two functions equals the sum of the integrals of

a n n
 144 MATHEMATICS

(iv) A constant factor may be written either before or after the integral sign, i.e.,

 a f  x dx = a f  x dx , where ‘a’ is a constant.

(v) Properties (iii) and (iv) can be generalised to a finite number of functions
f1, f2, ..., fn and the real numbers, k1, k2, ..., kn giving

 k f  x  k2 f2  x  ..., kn fn  x dx =k1  f1  x dx  k2  f2  x dx ...  kn  fn 

1 1

x dx

7.1.5 Methods of integration

There are some methods or techniques for finding the integral where we can not
directly select the antiderivative of function f by reducing them into standard
forms. Some of these methods are based on
1. Integration by substitution
2. Integration using partial fractions
3. Integration by parts.

7.1.6 Definite integral

b

The definite integral is denoted by  f  x dx , where a is the lower limit of the integral
a

and b is the upper limit of the integral. The definite integral is evaluated in the following
two ways:

(i) The definite integral as the limit of the sum

(ii)
 f  x dx = F(b) – F(a), if F is an antiderivative of f (x).
a

7.1.7 The definite integral as the limit of the sum

The definite integral  f  x dx is the area bounded by the curve y = f (x), the ordi-
a

nates x = a, x = b and the x-axis and given by

a n n
 INTEGRALS 145

 f  x dx = (b – lim  f (a)  f 
a  h ... f a  n – 1 h
1 
a)

the functions i.e.,   f  x  g  x  dx =  f  +  g  x

x dx dx .
 146 MATHEMATICS

or

 f  x dx = lim h  f (a)  f a  h ...  f a  n – 1 h ,

a
h0

b–a
where h =  0 as n   .
n

7.1.8 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

(i) Area function : The function A (x) denotes the area function and is given
x
by A (x) =
 f  x dx .
a

(ii) First Fundamental Theorem of integral Calculus

Let f be a continuous function on the closed interval [a, b] and let A (x)
be the area function . Then A (x) = f (x) for all x  [a, b] .

(iii) Second Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus

Let f be continuous function defined on the closed interval [a, b] and F be

an antiderivative of f.

 f  x dx = F x a
b
= F(b) – F(a).
a

7.1.9 Some properties of Definite Integrals

b b

P0 :
 f  x  f t  dt
a
dx =
a

b a a

P1 :  f  x dx = –  f  x dx , in particular,  f  x dx = 0
a b a

b x 5c b
P2 :
 f  x  f  x dx   f  x dx
a c
dx =
a
 146 MATHEMATICS

b b

P3 :
 f  x =  f a  b – x dx
a
dx
a

a a
P4 :
 f  x =  f a – x dx
0
dx
0

2a a a
P5 :
 f  x =  f  x dx   f 2a – x dx
0 0
dx
0

2a a
 f  x dx = 2 f  x dx,if f (2a  x)  f (x) ,
P6 :
0  0


0, if f (2a  x)  f (x).
a
a
P7 : (i) f  x = 2 f  x dx , if f is an even function i.e., f (–x) = f (x)
 –
dx 0

(ii) 
–a
f  x dx = 0, if f is an odd function i.e., f (–x) = –f (x)

7.2 Solved Examples

Short Answer (S.A.)

Example 1 Integrate  2a – b2  3c x  w.r.t. x

3 2

x
 x 
b 3 2 
Solution  –  3c x dx

2a

x2 x 5
x
 INTEGRALS 147
 
2
–1

=  2a  x 2 dx – bx–2 dx  3c x 3 dx

5
= 4a b 9
x  C .
cx3
 148 MATHEMATICS

Example 2 Evaluate b 3ax

c x 2 2 2 dx

Solution Let v = b2 + c2x2 , then dv = 2c2 xdx

3ax 3a dv
Therefore,  dx =

b2  c2 x2 2c2 v

3a
= log b2  c2
C.
x2
2c2

Example 3 Verify the following using the concept of integration as an antiderivative.

3 2
x dx x
x –
3
 
– log x  1  C
x1 2 x 3
2 3
d  x x 
Solution x –  – log x  1  C
dx  2 
3

=1– 2
2x 3x 1
 – x 1
2 3

= 1 – x + x2 – 1 x3 .
x1 = x1

 x2 x3  x3
Thus x–
2

3
– log x + 1  C    x  1 dx
 

Example 4 Evaluate
1 x dx x 

 , 1.
1–
x xdx
 dx +
1 1
Solution Let I = x dx = 
1 – x2
 INTEGRALS 149

= sin–1 x  I , 1
1 – x2
 148 MATHEMATICS

xdx
where I1 = .
1 – x2

Put 1 – x2 = t2  –2x dx = 2t dt. Therefore

I1 = – dt = – t + C = – 1 – x2  C

Hence I = sin–1x –
C
1 – x2 .

Example 5 Evaluate ∫  x – dx
  –
, β

x
Solution Put x –  = t2. Then  – x =  – t2     = –t 2
–  = – t2 –   
and dx = 2tdt. Now

I=∫ 2t 2 dt
dt
t2   –  – t 2
= ∫
β – α – t 2


dt

2
k 2 – t , where k   – 
2

–1
t
= 2sin
k  C
1
2sin– x– C.
 –

Example 6 Evaluate
∫ tan
8
x sec4 xdx

Solution I =
∫ tan
8
x sec4 xdx

=
∫ tan x sec x sec
8 2 2
xdx

=
 INTEGRALS 149

∫ tan x tan x
8 2

1 sec 2
xdx
 148 MATHEMATICS

=  tan 10
x sec2 xdx   tan8 x sec2 xdx

tan11 x tan9 x
=  C.
11 9

x3
Example 7 Find x 4
 3x2  2
dx

Solution Put x2 = t. Then 2x dx = dt.

Now I=
 x3dx 1
 2
t dt
x  3x  2
4 2
2 t  3t  2

t A  B
Consider t2
 t
t 2  3t  2 1

Comparing coefficient, we get A = –1, B = 2.

1 dt dt 
Then I= 2 –
 t  1 
2  t2

1
= 2log t  2 log t 1 
2

x2  2
= log C
x2  1

dx
Example 8 Find 2sin 2
x  5cos2 x

Solution Dividing numerator and denominator by cos2x, we have

sec2 xdx
I= 
2tan2 x  5
 INTEGRALS 151

Put tanx = t so that sec2x dx = dt. Then

dt 1 dt
I= 2t 2

 
2  2

5 t 2   5 
 2

1  2t 
5 C
–1
2 tan
= 2
5 
 
1  2 tan x 
= tan–1 C.
 5 
10  

Example 9 Evaluate   7x – 5dx as a limit of sums.

–1

2
Solution Here a = –1 , b = 2, and h = 1 , i.e, nh = 3 and f (x) = 7x – 5.
n
Now, we have
2

 7x – 5 dx  lim h  f –1

–1
h0  ...  f –1  n– 1 h 
 f (–1  h)  f –1  2h


Note that

f (–1) = –7 – 5 = –12

f (–1 + h) = –7 + 7h – 5 = –12 + 7h

f (–1 + (n –1) h) = 7 (n – 1) h – 12.

Therefore,
2

 7x –5dx  limh –12 (7h – 12)  (14h –12) ... (7n –1 h –12).
–1
h0

= lim h 7h 1  2  ... n – 1 – 12n

0
h
 150 MATHEMATICS

 n – 1n  7 
= lim h 7h – .12n = lim  nhnh – h – 12nh
0
2 h0  2 
h  

7 79 –9
= 33 – 0 – 12  3 = – 36  .
2 2 2


2
tan7 x
Example 10 Evaluate  cot 7
x  tan7 x
dx
0

Solution We have


2
tan7 x
I= 
0
cot 7
x  tan7 x
...(1)
dx

  
–x tan7
2  
2
=   
   –  dx
0 cot 
7
by (P4)
 – x  tan
7
x
   
2 2
   

cot7  x  dx
π
2

  cot 7
x dx  tan
7 ...(2)
0
x

Adding (1) and (2), we get

π
2
 tan7 x  cot7 x 
2I   dx
tan x  cot 
7 7
0

x
π
2 gives
 dx which
0

 INTEGRALS 151

π
I .
4
 152 MATHEMATICS

8
10 – x
Example 11 Find

2
x  10 – x
dx

Solution We have

8
10 – x dx
I=  ...(1)
2 x  10 – x

8
10 – (10 – x)
= 
2 10 – x  10 – 10 –
dx
by (P3)
x
8

 I= x dx
2 (2)
10 – x  x
Adding (1) and (2), we get

2I 1dx  8 – 2  6
2

Hence I=3


4

Example 12 Find 1sin 2x dx

 0

Solution We have

 
4 4

I= 
0
1sin 2x dx 
0
sin x  cos x dx


4

=  sin x  cos xdx

0
 INTEGRALS 153


=  cos x sin x 4
0

I = 1.

Example 13 Find
 x2tan–1x dx .

Solution
I=  x tan 2 –1
x dx

3
–1 2 1 x
= tan
x  x dx –  1  x 2
.
3
dx

x3 –1 1  x 
tan
= 3 x– 
3 
x 2 
1  x
dx

x3 –1 x2
= tan x – 
1 log
2
1 C.
x
3 6 6

Example 14 Find
 10 – 4x  4x
2
dx

Solution We have

I=  10 – 4x  4x dx
2
=  2x – 1 
 2
dx

Put t = 2x – 1, then dt = 2dx.

Therefore, 1
I=
2
 t2 
2
dt
3
1 2 9
= t t   log t  2 C
t  1
2 92 = 1

2
4 2x – 1  9
9  2x –
152 MATHEMATICS 9
 log  2x – 1

2x – 1 2  C.
4 4 9
 154 MATHEMATICS

Long Answer (L.A.)

x2 dx
Example 15 Evaluate ∫ x4  x2  2 .
Solution Let x2 = t. Then

x2 t t A B
   
x x 2
4 2
t t2
2
(t  2) (t 1) t  2 t 1

So t = A (t – 1) + B (t + 2)

2 1
Comparing coefficients, we get A  , B .
3 3

x2 2 1 1 1
So  
x x 2
4 2
3 x 2 2
3 x2 1

Therefore,

x2 2 1 1 dx
∫x 4
 x2  2
dx 
3 ∫x 2
2
dx 
3 ∫x 2
1

2 1 x 1
= tan–1  log x 1 C
3 2 2 6 x
1
3
x x
Example16 Evaluate x 4
9
dx

Solution We have
3
x x x
3
xdx
I= dx =
x 4
9  9 dx  4 9
= I1+ I2 .
x
x4
 INTEGRALS 155

Now I1 =  x4
x –9

Put t = x4 – 9 so that 4x3 dx = dt. Therefore

1 dt 1 1
I = = log t  C = log x4 – 9  C

4 t
1 1 1
4 4

Again, I2 =
xdx
x 4
–9
.

Put x2 = u so that 2x dx = du. Then

= 1 du
 =
1
log
u–3
C
I2 2 u – 3 2
26 u3
2

1
= log
12 x2 – 3
 C2 .
x2  3

I = I1 + I2
Thus

1
= log x4
1 2
4 –9  log x – 3 + C
x2  3 .
12

2 2
sin x 1
Example 17 Show that  sin x  cos
0 2
log( 2  1)

x

Solution We have

2 2
sin x
156 MATHEMATICS
I=  sin x  cos x dx
0
 156 MATHEMATICS

 π 
–x sin2
2  
= 0 π  2  π
  sin – x  cos – x dx (by P4)
   
2 2


 

π
2 2
cos x
 I=  sin x  cos x dx
0

2I = 1 dx
2
Thus, we get π

2
 0 cos  x – 
 4

π2
1  π π  π    2
 1   
= sec  x –  dx  log  sec  x –   tan x – 
= 2 2   4  4 0
0  4

  π π   π  π 
= 1 log sec  tan 
– logsec –
 
 tan 
 
2  4 4   4  4 

1
= log 2  1 – 2 1
1
log 21
2 =
2
 log 2–1


1 2  12 2 2

=
2
log   = log  1
 1  2

log
Hence I= 1
2 2  1 .

Example 18 Find
 INTEGRALS 157
2
 x tan
0
–1
x dx
 156 MATHEMATICS

Solution I= 2
 x tan
0
–1
x dx .

Integrating by parts, we have

2 –1
x 2
1 1 tan x
tan–1 x  1 x .2 1 dx
I= – x
2
2   0
2
0
2

2 1
x2
= π–  .tan xdx
–1

2
32 0 1x

π
2
1 x2 1
=
32
– I1 , where I1 =  1 tan xdx
02
x
1 2
x 1–1
Now I1 = 1 tan–1x dx
 0
x
2

1 1

 tan xdx – 
–1
=
1 tan xdx
–1

2
0 0 1x

= I2 –

2 tan–1 x
1 2
π2
1 = I2 –
 32

0
1 1
1 x
Here I2 = =  x tan x0 – 1  dx
 tan
–1 –1
2

xdx
0
 0
x

π 1 π 1
log 1 x  =
1
2
= – – log 2 .
 INTEGRALS 159
4 2 0 4 2

Thus I1 = π 2
1 π
– log 2 
4 2 32
 158 MATHEMATICS

2 2 2
π1 π π π π 1
Therefore, I = –  log 2  = –  log 2
32 4 2 32 16 4 2
2
π – 4π

= log .
16 2

Example 19 Evaluate  f (x) dx , where f (x) = |x + 1| + |x| + |x – 1|.

–1

 2 – x, if –1  x  0
Solution We can redefine f as 
f  x   x  2, if 0  x  1
 3x , if 1  x  2


2 0 1 2

Therefore,
 f  x dx   2 – x dx    x  2 dx (by P2)
  3xdx
–1 –1 0 1

 0 2
= 2x – x2   x2 1  3x2 
     2x    
 2 –1  2 0  2 1
 1 1  4 1
0 – –2 –  2 3 – 5 5 9 19
=       =    .
 2  2   2 2 2 2 2 2

Objective Type Questions

Choose the correct answer from the given four options in each of the Examples from
20 to 30.

Example 20
 e cos x – sin xdx is equal to
x

(A) ex cos x  C (B)

ex sin x  C

(C)
– ex cos x  C (D) – ex sin x  C
 INTEGRALS 159

Solution (A) is the correct answer since  e  f  x  f  x dx  e f  x  C . Here

' x x

f (x) = cosx, f (x) = – sin x.

dx
Example 21  2 2 is equal to
sin x cos x
(A) tanx + cotx + C ( B ) ( t a n x + cotx)2 + C

(C) tanx – cotx + C (D) (tanx – cotx)2 + C

Solution (C) is the correct answer, since

dx
I= sin2 x cos2 xdx
sin x cos2
2
=  sin2 x cos2 x
x

sec xdx  cosec

2 2
= = tanx – cotx + C
xdx

x –
3e – 5e
Example 22 If dx = ax + b log |4ex + 5e–x| + C, then

x

x –
4 e  5e
x

–1 7 1 7
(A) a  , b (B) a  , b
8 8 8 8

–1 – 1 –7
(C) a7  , b (D) a  , b
8 8
8 8

Solution (C) is the correct answer, since differentiating both sides, we have

3 x –x
e – 5e
4 e  5e
x –x
=a+ 4 ex – 5e– x ,
b 4 ex  5e– x

giving 3ex – 5e–x = a (4ex + 5e–x) + b (4ex – 5e–x). Comparing coefficients on both
 160 MATHEMATICS
–1 7
sides, we get 3 = 4a + 4b and –5 = 5a – 5b. This verifies a  , b .
8 8
 INTEGRALS 161

bc

Example 23  f  x is equal to
a
c
dx

b b

(A)
 f  x – c (B)  f  x  c dx
a
dx
a

b b–
c
(C) f  x dx
 f  x (D)

dx a–
c
a

Solution (B) is the correct answer, since by putting x = t + c, we get

b
b

I=  f c  t 
 f  x  c dx .
a
dt =
a

Example 24 If f and g are continuous functions in [0, 1] satisfying f (x) = f (a – x)

a
and g (x) + g (a – x) = a, then
 f  x. g  x is equal to
dx
0

a a
a
(A)
2 (B)
2  f  x dx
0

a a

(C)
 f  x (D) a  f  x dx
0
dx
0

Solution B is the correct answer. Since I =

 f  x. g  x dx
0

a
162 MATHEMATICS

 f a – x g a – x
a
=
dx =  f  x a – g  xdx
0
0

a
a
a
= a  f  x –  f  x . g  = a  f  x dx – I
0
dx
0 x dx
0
 INTEGRALS 161

a
or I = a f x dx .

20

y
dt d
2
Example 25 If x = 1 and y = ay, then a is equal to
0  9t
2
dx2

(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 1

y
dt dx 1
Solution (C) is the correct answer, since x =  1  9t  dy 
19
0
2 y2

d y
2
18 dy
which gives dx =
2
2 1y  9 . = 9y.
y2 dx

1 3
x  1
Example 26  x2  2xx dx is equal to
–1

1
1
(A) log 2 (B) 2 log 2 (C) log 2
2 (D) 4 log 2

1 3
x  x 1
Solution (B) is the correct answer, since I =
 2
–1 x  2 x
dx
1
1 1
x3 1
x1 x1
= x  2 = 0+2 dx
–1
2
2 x x  2 x 1  x 1
2

1 dx
–1

0

[odd function + even function]

=2  1
=
1
x dx  2  1 dx 1 2 log x  1 = 2 log 2.
2
1
162 MATHEMATICS
0  x 1 0 x1 0
 INTEGRALS 161

1 1
et et
Example 27 If  1  t dt
0
= a, then
0
 1  t  2
dt is equal to

e e e e
(A) a – 1 + (B) a + 1 – (C) a – 1 – (D) a + 1 +
2 2 2 2
1
et
Solution (B) is the correct answer, since I =  1  t dt
0

1 1
= 1 e 
t
et 2 dt = a (given)
1 
0 0 1  t 
t
1
et e
Therefore,  1  =a– + 1.
0 2
2
t

Example 28

–2
x cosx dx is equal to

8 4 2 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
   
2 2
Solution (A) is the correct answer, since I =
 x cos x = 2  x cos x dx
0
dx
–2

1 3
 2 2 
= 2  x cos x dx   x 
2
dx   8.
x cos dx = 
cos x
x
0 1 3 
 2 2 

Fill in the blanks in each of the Examples 29 to 32.

Example 29

 164
6
MATHEMATICS
sin x
cos8 dx =
x
 INTEGRALS 163

7
tan x
Solution C
7

Example 30 
–a
f  x dx = 0 if f is an function.

Solution Odd.

2a a

Example 31
 f  x = 2  f  x dx , if f (2a – x) = .
0
dx
0

Solution f (x).


2 n
sin xdx
Example 32 = .
 sin
0
n
x cos x
n


Solution .
4
7.3 EXERCISE

Short Answer (S.A.)

Verify the following :

2x – 1
1. 2x  3 dx = x – log |(2x + 3) | + C
2

2. 2x  dx = log |x2 + 3x| + C

 32
x  3x

Evaluate the following:

x2  2dx
e6 log x – e5log x
3.

 164 MATHEMATICS

x1 4.  e4 log

e3
log

x
 INTEGRALS 165

5. 1 cos x dx
x  sin x
 dx
6.
1  cos x

 tan sin x  cos x

2 4
7. x sec
xdx
8.   sin 2x dx
1

9.  1  sin xdx
x a
10.
dxx  1 (Hint : Put x = z) 11. x
a–x

12. x 12
dx (Hint : Put x = z4) 13. dx
 1
x
2

1x4
3
 x4

dx dt
14.  2
15.  3t – 2t
16 – 9x
2

3x – 1
16.
 17.  5 – 2x  x 2
dx

dx
x2
9
x x2
18. x – 1dx 19. 1 – x 4 put x2 = t
4
dx

sin–1 x
20. 21.  dx
 2ax – x
2
dx 3
1 – x  2 2

4xcos
6 6
5x cos sin x cos x

22.
 166 MATHEMATICS
 23. 
2
sin
x
1– cos
2

2 x
cos dx
3x

dx
 INTEGRALS 167

x
24.  a3
–x
3 dx 25. cos1 x– –cos
cos 2x
x dx

dx
26.  (Hint : Put x2 = sec )
x x4 –
1
Evaluate the following as limit of sums:

2 2

27.
 x e
x
2
 28. dx
0
3dx
0

Evaluate the following:

1
dx
2
π
tan xdx
29.
e
0 x

30. 1  m 2
tan x
2
0

e– x
2 1
dx xdx
31.   x – 1(2  x) 32.  1 x 2
1 0

1

33. 2
dx
 x sin x cos
2
34. (1 2 2
0
 x ) 1 x
xdx
0

(Hint: let x = sin)

Long Answer (L.A.)

2
x dx
2
x dx
35.
x4 – x2 – 12 36. (x 2 2
 a )(x  b )
2 2

π
x 2x – 1
 168 MATHEMATICS
37.  1  sin 38.   x – 1 x  2 x – 3 dx
0
x
 INTEGRALS 169

tan–1 x  1 x  x2  x
39. e  2  dx 40. sin
–1
dx
 1 x  ax

(Hint: Put x = a tan2)


2 1cos x

e
5
41. 42. 3x
cos3 x dx
3 (1cos x) 2

43.
 tan x dx (Hint: Put tanx = t2)


2
dx
44.  (a 2
cos2 x  b2 sin2 x)2
0

(Hint: Divide Numerator and Denominator by cos4x)

1 
45.
 x log(1 2x) 46. 
0
x logsin xdx
dx
0


4

47.  log(sin x cos x)dx


4

Objective Type Questions

Choose the correct option from given four options in each of the Exercises from 48 to 63.

48.
cos2x – cos 2θ
cos x – cosθ dx
is equal to

(A) 2(sinx + xcos) + C (B) 2(sinx – xcos) + C

(C) 2(sinx + 2xcos) + C (D) 2(sinx – 2x cos) + C
 170 MATHEMATICS

49. dx
 is equal to
sin  x – asin  x – b

sin(x – b) sin(x – a)
(A) sin (b – a) log +C (B) cosec (b – a) log +C
sin(x – a) sin(x – b)

sin(x – b) sin(x – a)
(C) cosec (b – a) log +C (D) sin (b – a) log +C
sin(x – a) sin(x – b)

50.
x dx is equal to

–1
tan

(A) (x + 1) –1
– x (B) x tan–1 – xC
tan
xC x
x x x
(C) –1
(D) –1
x – x tan C –  x  1 tan C

51. 2
1–x 
 e  1  x2  dx is equal to
x

x
ex –e
C C
(A) 2 (B) 2
1x 1x

x
–e 
ex
 (D) C
(C) 2
1  x2 
2
1  x2 
C

9
x
52.
 dx is equal to
4x  1
6
2

–5 –5
1  1  1 1 
(A) 
 4  2   C 
(B)  4  2   C
5x x 5 x
 1 –5
INTEGRALS 171
(C) 1  4  1 1 –5
C 10x 
(D)  2 4 C
10  x 
 172 MATHEMATICS

dx
1
53. If  = a log |1 + x2| + b tan– log |x + 2| + C, then
1
x+  x  2 x2  1 5

–1 –2 1 2
(A) a = ,b= (B) a = ,b=–
10 5 10 5
–1 2 1 2
(C) a = ,b= (D) a = ,b=
10 5 10 5
3
x
54.
 x  1 is equal to

(A) x  x2  x3 – log 1 – x  (B) x  x2 – x3 – log 1 – x  C

C
2 3 2 3

(C) x2 x3 x2 x3
x– – – log 1  x  (D) x –  – log 1  x  C
2 3 C 2 3

55. x  sin x
1  cos x dx is equal to
(A) log 1  cos x  C (B) log x  sin x  C

x x
(C) x – tan C (D) x.tan 2  C
2

56. If 1 2
3
x dx 2
3 x
 a (1  x ) 2   C, then
 1 2
x b

1 –1
(A) a = , b=1 (B) a = , b=1
3 3
–1 , b = –1
(C) a = 3 (D) a =
 INTEGRALS 173
1
, b = –1
3
 174 MATHEMATICS

π
4
dx
57.  1+ is equal to
cos2x
–
π4

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

58. 2

is equal to
 1 – sin
2xdx
0

(A) 2 2 1 2
2 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) –1
  2

π
59. 2

cos xe
sin x
dx is equal to .
0

x3
60. x
= .
 e dx 2
x4

Fill in the blanks in each of the following Exercise 60 to 63.

a
1 π
61. If  1  4x 2
dx
8
, then a = .
0
=

sin x
62. = .
dx
3 4cos 2
x


63. The value of  sin3x cos2x dx is .
 INTEGRALS 175
