Design of openwell staircase
Floor to floor height= 3.2 m
Riser (R)= 178 mm
Tread (T)= 267 mm
Landing (L1)= 343 mm
Flight (F1)= 1868 mm
Landing (L2)= 991 mm
Flight (F2)= 254 mm
` Landing (L3)= 991 mm
Flight (F3)= 1868 mm
Landing (L4)= 343 mm
Number of riser in flight 1/fight3 (N1)= 8
Number of riser in flight 2 (N2)= 2
Width of stair= 991 mm
Impose load= 3 KN/m²
Floor finishes= 1.50 KN/m²
Beam width/Brickwall width (B)= 230 mm
Unit wt. of concrete (ϒ)= 25 KN/m³
Grade of steel (fy)= 500 N/mm²
Grade of concrete (fck)= 20 N/mm²
Design of Landing 1 and Flight F1
Step1: calculation of efffective span
Effective span (Leff)= {(N1-1)*T}+L1/2+(L2/2)
= {(8-1)*267}+171.5+495.5
= 2536 mm
Step2: calculation of efffective depth
clear cover (c)= 15 mm IS 456:2000, Table 16
Adopt diameter of bar (Φ)= 12 mm
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓
= 30 (asssuming constant= 30-40)
𝑑
Effective depth (d)= (Leff/30)
= 84.53333 mm
Overall Depth (D)= d+(Φ/2)+c
= 84.533+(12/2)+15
= 105.5333 mm ≈110 mm
Provided eff. depth= 89 mm
Step3: calculation of load
(i) Load on going on projected plan area
Live load= 3*1 =3 KN/m
Floor finish= 1.5*1 =1.50 KN/m
2 2
wt. of waist slab= {ϒ*D*√(R +T )}/T
= 3.3051 KN/m
wt. of steps= ϒ*0.5*R
= 2.225 KN/m
Total load= 10.03 KN/m
Factored load= 1.5*10.03
= 15.045 KN/m
(ii) Load on landing
Live load= 3*1 =3.00 KN/m
Floor finish= 1.5*1 =1.50 KN/m
self wt. of slab= ϒ*D*1
= 2.75 KN/m
Total Load= 7.25 KN/m
Factored load= 1.5*7.25
= 10.875 KN/m
15.05 KN/m
L2 L1
5.44 KN/m 10.88 KN/m
A B
Y C
x
0.496 m 1.87 m 0.172 m
Ra Rb
2.536 m
Step4: calculation of maximum bending moment and maximum shear force
Taking moment of all forces about point B.
Ra*2.536= [{(5.44*0.4955*(0.4955/2+1.869+0.1715)}+{15.05*1.869*(1.869/2+0.1715)}
+{10.88*0.1715*0.1715/2)}]
Ra*2.536= 37.425
Ra= 14.76 KN
Ra+Rb= (5.44*0.4955)+(15.05*1.869)+(10.88*0.1715)
14.76+Rb= 32.679
Rb= 17.92 KN
Zero Shear Force Point (at a distance x from point Y)
x= {14.758-(5.438*0.496)}/15.045
x= 0.802 m
Taking moment about point C.
∑Mc= (14.758*(0.496+0.802))-(5.438*0.496*(0.496/2+0.8))-(15.05*0.802*0.802/2)
Mmax= 11.48 KNm
Step5: Check for depth against bending moment
Mmax= 0.133*fck*b*dreq^2
11.48*10^6= 0.133*20*1000*dreq^2
dreq= 65.70 mm (dreq<dprov). Hence OK
Step6: Designing the reinforcement
𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mmax= 0.87 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 ∗ 𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣.∗ (1 − )
𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣.
11.48*10^6= 0.87*500*Ast*89*[1-{(500*Ast)/(20*1000*89)}]
Ast= 326.4967 mm²
(Ast)min.= 0.12% of bD
= (0.12/100)*1000*110
= 132 mm²
Spacing= [1000/{326.5/(3.142*12^2)/4}]
= 346.3966 mm ≈150 mm
Provide 12mm dia. bar @ 150c/c
(Ast)prov.= [1000/{150/(3.142*12^2)/4}]
= 753.9822 mm²
% of steel prov.= 0.85 %
Step7: Check for shear force
For M20 concrete
Shear strength (Ʈc)= 0.280 N/mm² IS 456:2000, Table-19
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
Ʈmax=
𝑏𝑑
= (17.92*10^3)/(1000*89)
= 0.201 N/mm² OK
Step8: Check for deflection
(Leff/d)prov.= 2536/89
= 28.49
Basic values
Basic value: (α) = 20 IS 456:2000 Clause 23.2.1 (a)
Modification factor
IS 456:2000 Clause 23.2.1 (b),
factor for correction in α. For span < 10 m, β
(β) = 1 =1
For Tension Reinforcement (γ) = 2.0 IS 456:2000 Clause 23.2.1 ( c) fig 4
For Compression Reinforcement (δ) = 1 IS 456:2000 Clause 23.2.1 (d) fig 5
Reduction factor for flanged beam (λ) = 1 IS 456:2000 Clause 23.2.1 (e) fig 6
For Calculating the the factor γ
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
Steel Stress of service load (fs)= 0.58fy
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
= 0.58*500*[(Ast.req.)/(Ast.provided)]
= 125.579
(As/bd) %= [753.982/(1000*89)]*100
0.847
From fig. 4 of IS 456:2000, (γ ) = 2.0
Now,
αβγδλ= 20*1*2*1*1
= 40 (l/d)<αβγδλ OK
Step9: Development length
𝛷 ∗ σ𝑠 𝛷∗0.87∗𝑓𝑦
Ld=
4 ∗ 𝜏𝑏𝑑
= 4∗𝜏𝑏𝑑
= #NAME?
= #NAME?
Step10: Distribution bar reinforcement detailing
Adopt distribution bar dia.= 8
Spacing= 1000/{132/(3.142/4*8^2)}
= 380.7991 mm
≤ 450 mm
≤ 445 mm
Spacing provided= 200 mm
Provide a distribution bar of 8mm dia. @200c/c
Design of Landing 2, Flight 2 and Landing 3
Step1: calculation of effective span
Effective span (Leff)= {(N2-1)*T}+(L1/2)+(L2/2)
{(2-1)*267}+171.5+495.5
934 mm
Step2: calculation of effective depth
Effective depth (d)= (Leff/30)
= 31.13333 mm
Overall Depth (D)= d+(Φ/2)+c
= 31.133+(12/2)+15
= 52.13333 mm ≈55 mm
Provided eff. depth= 34 mm
Step3: calculation of load
(i) Load on going on projected plan area
Live load= 3.00 KN/m
Floor finish= 1.5 KN/m
wt. of waist slab= 1.6525 KN/m
wt. of steps= 2.225 KN/m
Total load= 8.38 KN/m
Factored load= 12.57 KN/m
(iI) Load on landing
Live load= 3.00 KN/m
Floor finish= 1.50 KN/m
self wt. of slab= 1.38 KN/m
Total load= 5.88 KN/m
Factored load= 8.81 KN/m
12.57 KN/m
4.41 KN/m 4.41 KN/m
A B
0.496 m 0.254 m 0.496 m
Ra Rb
1.245 m
Step4: calculation of maximum bending moment and maximum shear force
𝑊∗𝐿
Vmax=
2
Vmax= 3.78 KN
Moment is maximum at center point of loading diagram shown above.
Mmax= 1.43 KN-m
Step5: Check for depth against bending moment
Mmax= 0.133*fck*b*dreq^2
1.43*10^6= 0.133*20*1000*dreq^2
dreq= 23.21 mm (dreq<dprov). Hence OK
Step6: Designing the reinforcement
𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mmax= 0.87 ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 ∗ 𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣.∗ (1 − )
𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣.
1.43*10^6= 0.87*500*Ast*34*[1-{(500*Ast)/(20*1000*34)}]
Ast= 104.9983 mm²
(Ast)min.= 0.12% of bD
= 66 mm²
Spacing= [1000/{105/(3.142*12^2)/4}]
= 1077.135 mm ≈150 mm
Provide 12mm dia. bar @ 150c/c
(Ast)prov.= [1000/{150/(3.142*12^2)/4}]
= 753.9822 mm²
% of steel prov.= 2.22 %
Step7: Check for shear force
For M20 concrete
Shear strength (Ʈc)= 0.280 N/mm² IS 456:2000, Table-19
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
Ʈmax=
𝑏𝑑
= (3.78*10^3)/(1000*34)
= 0.111 N/mm² OK
Step8: Check for deflection
(Leff/d)prov.= 934/34
= 27.47
Basic values
Basic value: (α) = 20 IS 456:2000 Clause 23.2.1 (a)
Modification factor
(β) = 1 IS 456:2000 Clause 23.2.1 (b)
For Tension Reinforcement (γ) = 2.0 IS 456:2000 Clause 23.2.1 ( c) fig 4
For Compression Reinforcement (δ) = 1 IS 456:2000 Clause 23.2.1 (d) fig 5
Reduction factor for flanged beam (λ) = 1 IS 456:2000 Clause 23.2.1 (e) fig 6
For Calculating the the factor γ
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
Steel Stress of service load (fs)= 0.58fy
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
= 0.58*500*[(Ast.req.)/(Ast.provided)]
= 40.385
(As/bd) %= [753.982/(1000*34)]*100
2.218
From fig. 4 of IS 456:2000, (γ ) = 2.0
Now,
αβγδλ= 20*1*2*1*1
= 40 (l/d)<αβγδλ OK
Step9: Development length
𝛷 ∗ σ𝑠 𝛷∗0.87∗𝑓𝑦
Ld=
4 ∗ 𝜏𝑏𝑑
= 4∗𝜏𝑏𝑑
= #NAME?
= #NAME?
Step10: Distribution bar reinforcement detailing
Adopt dis. bar dia.= 8
Spacing= 1000/{66/(3.142/4*8^2)}
= 761.5982 mm
≤ 450 mm
≤ 170 mm
Spacing provided= 200 mm
Provide a distribution bar of 8mm dia. @200c/c
SUMMARY
For landing 1,Flight1 and Flight3
Provide 12mm dia. bar @ 150c/c
Provide a distribution bar of 8mm dia. @200c/c
For landing2, Flight 2 and Landing 3
Provide 12mm dia. bar @ 150c/c
Provide a distribution bar of 8mm dia. @200c/c
