SIEMENS

NX Nastran 10
Verification Manual
Contents

Proprietary & Restricted Rights Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Overview of the Verification Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Running the Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Point Load on a Cantilever Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Edge Pressure on Beam Element - Torque Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Thermal Strain, Displacement, and Stress on Heated Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Uniformly Distributed Load on Linear Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Membrane Loads on a Linear Quadrilateral Thin Shell Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Axial Loading on Rod Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Stress on a Beam as It Expands and Closes a Gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Thin Wall Cylinder in Pure Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
Thin Shell Beam Wall in Pure Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
Strain Energy of a Truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23

Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Elliptic Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Cylindrical Shell Patch Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Hemisphere-Point Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Z-Section Cantilever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Skew Plate Normal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Thick Plate Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Solid Cylinder/Taper/Sphere — Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

Normal Mode Dynamics Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3

 Contents
Contents

Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Natural Frequency of Circular Ring with Axisymmetric Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Undamped Free Vibration — Single Degree of Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Two Degrees of Freedom Undamped Free Vibration — Principle Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Three Degrees of Freedom Torsional System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Cantilever Beam Undamped Free Vibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Natural Frequency of a Cantilevered Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . 5-1
Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Beam Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Pin-ended Cross — In-plane Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Pin-ended Double Cross - In-plane Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Free Square Frame - In-plane Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Cantilever with Off-center Point Masses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Deep Simply-Supported Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Circular Ring — In-plane and Out-of-plane Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Cantilevered Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Shell Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate — Symmetric Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Thin Square Cantilevered Plate — Anti-symmetric Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Free Thin Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Simply Supported Thin Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Simply Supported Thin Annular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Clamped Thin Rhombic Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate with Distorted Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34
Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Clamped Thick Rhombic Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40
Simply Supported Thick Annular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42
Cantilevered Square Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45
Cantilevered Tapered Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-48
Free Annular Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-50
Cantilevered Thin Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-53
Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Element Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-56
Free Cylinder — Axisymmetric Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-56
Thick Hollow Sphere — Uniform Radial Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-58
Simply Supported Annular Plate — Axisymmetric Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-61
Deep Simply Supported "Solid" Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-63
Simply Supported "Solid" Square Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-66
Simply Supported "Solid" Annular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-70
Cantilevered Solid Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-74

4 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Contents

Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

Overview of Verification Test Cases Provided by the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens . . . . . 6-1
Understanding the Test Case Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Beam or Rod Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Short Beam on Two Articulated Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Clamped Beams Linked by a Rigid Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Transverse Bending of a Curved Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Plane Bending Load on a Thin Arch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Grid Point Load on an Articulated CONROD Truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Articulated Plane Truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Beam on an Elastic Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Shell Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Plane Shear and Bending Load on a Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Circular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24
Torque Loading on a Square Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Cylindrical Shell with Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32
Hydrostatic Pressure on a Thin Wall Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35
Gravity Loading on a Thin Wall Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38
Pinched Cylindrical Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41
Spherical Shell with a Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-43
Bending Load on a Cylindrical Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-49
Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rhomboid Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-52
Shear Loading on a Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-55
Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Solid Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-57
Solid Cylinder in Pure Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-57
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Spherical Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-63
Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Infinite Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-68
Prismatic Rod in Pure Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-73
Thick Plate Clamped at Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-77
Mechanical Structures — Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-82
Lumped Mass-Spring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-82
Short Beam on Simple Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-85
Axial Loading on a Rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-88
Cantilever Beam with a Variable Rectangular Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-90
Thin Circular Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-92
Thin Circular Ring Clamped at Two Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-95
Vibration Modes of a Thin Pipe Elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-98
Cantilever Beam with Eccentric Lumped Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-101
Thin Square Plate (Clamped or Free) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-104
Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-106
Thin Ring Plate Clamped on a Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-108
Vane of a Compressor - Clamped-free Thin Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-111
Bending of a Symmetric Truss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-114
Hovgaard's Problem — Pipes with Flexible Elbows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-117
Rectangular Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-120

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5

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Contents

Mechanical Structures — Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis and Model Response . . . . . . . . 6-123
Transient Response of a Spring-Mass System with Acceleration Loading . . . . . . . . . . . 6-123
Transient Response of a Clamped-free Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-126
Stationary Thermal Tests — Heat Transfer Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-130
Hollow Cylinder - Fixed Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-130
Hollow Cylinder - Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-132
Cylindrical Rod - Flux Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-135
Hollow Cylinder with Two Materials - Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-137
Wall-Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-140
Wall-Fixed Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-142
L-Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-144
Orthotropic Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-146
Hollow Sphere - Fixed Temperatures, Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-149
Hollow Sphere with Two Materials - Convection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-152
Thermo-mechanical Tests — Linear Statics Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-156
Orthotropic Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-156
Thermal Gradient on a Thin Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-159
Simply-Supported Arch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-162

Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . 7-1

Overview of the Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using NAFEMS Test Cases . . . . . . . 7-1
Understanding the Verification Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Plane Strain Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Plane Strain Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Plane Stress Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Plane Stress Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
Solid Element - Perfect Plasticity Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Solid Element - Isotropic Hardening Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23

Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Overview of the Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using NAFEMS Test Cases ...... . . . . . . . 8-1
Understanding the Verification Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 8-1
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 8-1
Test Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 8-1
Straight Cantilever with End Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 8-2
Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - Brick Elements . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 8-6
Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - BEAM Elements . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . 8-11
Lee's Frame Buckling Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . 8-15
Large Displacement Elastic Response of a Hinged Spherical Shell Under Uniform Pressure
Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . 8-18
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . 8-21
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . 8-21

6 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

Proprietary & Restricted Rights Notice

© 2014 Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This software and related documentation are proprietary to Siemens Product Lifecycle Management
Software Inc. Siemens and the Siemens logo are registered trademarks of Siemens AG. NX is a
trademark or registered trademark of Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc. or its
subsidiaries in the United States and in other countries.
NASTRAN is a registered trademark of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NX
Nastran is an enhanced proprietary version developed and maintained by Siemens Product Lifecycle
Management Software Inc.
MSC is a registered trademark of MSC.Software Corporation. MSC.Nastran and MSC.Patran are
trademarks of MSC.Software Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
TAUCS Copyright and License
TAUCS Version 2.0, November 29, 2001. Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003 by Sivan Toledo, Tel-Aviv
University, [email protected]. All Rights Reserved.
TAUCS License:
Your use or distribution of TAUCS or any derivative code implies that you agree to this License.
THIS MATERIAL IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED. ANY USE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK.
Permission is hereby granted to use or copy this program, provided that the Copyright, this License,
and the Availability of the original version is retained on all copies. User documentation of any code
that uses this code or any derivative code must cite the Copyright, this License, the Availability note,
and "Used by permission." If this code or any derivative code is accessible from within MATLAB, then
typing "help taucs" must cite the Copyright, and "type taucs" must also cite this License and the
Availability note. Permission to modify the code and to distribute modified code is granted, provided
the Copyright, this License, and the Availability note are retained, and a notice that the code was
modified is included. This software is provided to you free of charge.
Availability (TAUCS)
As of version 2.1, we distribute the code in 4 formats: zip and tarred-gzipped (tgz), with or without
binaries for external libraries. The bundled external libraries should allow you to build the test
programs on Linux, Windows, and MacOS X without installing additional software. We recommend
that you download the full distributions, and then perhaps replace the bundled libraries by higher
performance ones (e.g., with a BLAS library that is specifically optimized for your machine). If you
want to conserve bandwidth and you want to install the required libraries yourself, download the
lean distributions. The zip and tgz files are identical, except that on Linux, Unix, and MacOS,
unpacking the tgz file ensures that the configure script is marked as executable (unpack with tar
zxvpf), otherwise you will have to change its permissions manually.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Overview of the Verification Manual

This guide contains verification test cases for NX Nastran. These test cases verify the function of
the different NX Nastran analysis types using theoretical and benchmark solutions from well-known
engineering test cases. Each test case contains test case data and information, such as element type
and material properties, results, and references.
The guide contains test cases for:
• Linear Statics verification using theoretical solutions

• Linear Statics verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks

• Normal Mode Dynamics verification using theoretical solutions

• Normal Mode Dynamics verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks

• Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

• Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks (NX Nastran
only)

• Geometric Nonlinear verification using standard NAFEMS benchmarks

1.2 Running the Test Cases

All verification test cases are available as *.dat files and are included in the NX Nastran installation
in the directory path install_dir/NXr/nast/demo.
The test cases are relatively simple, and most have closed-form theoretical solutions. Differences
between finite element and theoretical solutions are in most cases negligible. Some tests would
require an infinite number of elements to achieve an exact solution. Elements are chosen to achieve
reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times.
Note

Actual results from NX Nastran may vary insignificantly from the results presented in this
document. This variation is generally due to different methods of performing real number
algorithms on different systems.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 1-1

Chapter 2: Linear Statics Verification Using
Theoretical Solutions

2.1 Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical

Solutions
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of the NX Nastran software
using theoretical solutions. The test cases are relatively simple in form and most of them have
closed-form theoretical solutions.
The theoretical solutions shown in these examples are from well-known engineering texts. For each
test case, a specific reference is cited. All theoretical reference texts are listed at the end of this topic.
The finite element method is very flexible in the types of physical problems represented. The
verification tests provided are not exhaustive in exploring all possible problems, but represent
common types of applications.
This overview provides information on the following:
• Understanding the test case format

• Understanding comparisons with theoretical solutions

• References

Understanding the Test Case Format

Each test case is structured with the following information.
• Test case data and information:
o Physical and material properties

o Finite element modeling (modeling procedure or hints)

o Units

o Solution type

o Element type

o Boundary conditions (loads, restraints)

• Results

• References (text from which a closed-form or theoretical solution was taken)

In addition to these example problems, test cases from NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.) have been executed.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-1

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

Results for these test cases can be found in the next section, Linear Statics Analysis Verification
Using NAFEMS Standard Benchmarks.

Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions

While differences in finite element and theoretical results are, in most cases, negligible, some tests
would require an infinite number of elements to achieve the exact solution. Elements are chosen to
achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times.
Results reported here are results which you can compare to the referenced theoretical solution.
Other results available from the analyses are not reported here. Results for both theoretical and finite
element solutions are carried out with the same significant digits of accuracy.
The closed-form theoretical solution may have restrictions, such as rigid connections, that do not
exist in the real world. These limiting restrictions are not necessary for the finite element model, but
are used for comparison purposes. Verification to real world problems is more difficult but should be
done when possible.
The actual results from the NX Nastran software may vary insignificantly from the results presented in
this document. This variation is due to different methods of performing real numerical arithmetic on
different systems. In addition, it is due to changes in element formulations which have been made to
improve results under certain circumstances.

References
The following references have been used in the Linear Statics Analysis verification problems
presented:
1. Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992.

2. Harris, C. O. Introduction to Stress Analysis. New York Macmillan1959.

3. Roark, R. and Young, W. Formulas for Stress and Strain, 5th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 1975.

4. Shigley, J. and Mitchel L. Mechanical Engineering Design, 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 1983.

5. Timoshenko, S. Strength of Materials, Part I, Elementary Theory and Problems. New YorK: Van
Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1955.

2.2 Test Cases

2-2 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

Point Load on a Cantilever Beam

Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the stress at the midpoint of the beam.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

mstvl001.dat

Units

Inch

Model Geometry

Length = 480 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

• Area = 30 x 30 in.

• Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4

Material Properties

• E = 30E06 psi

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-3

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

Finite Element Modeling

Create four successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.

Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.

• Loads
o Set grid force to 50,000 lb in. the -Y direction.

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Von Mises Stress, grid point 1 (psi) 5333. 5333.
Y Deflection, grid point 5 (in) 0.9102 0.9130

References
Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 716.

Axial Distributed Load on a Linear Beam

Determine the stress, elongation and resultant force due to an axial loading along a linear beam

element.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
mstvl002.dat

Units
Inch

2-4 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

Model Geometry
• Length = 300 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

• Area = 9 in.2

• square cross section (3 in. x 3 in.)

• I = 6.75 in.4

Material Properties
• E = 30E+6 psi

Finite Element Modeling

Create 30 beam element along the X axis, each 10 inches long.

Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain one end of the beam in all six degrees.

• Loads
o Set the axial distributed load (force per unit length) to 1000 lb/in. for the 10-inch long element
furthest from the restrained end in the X direction.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Von Mises Stress, grid point 1 (psi) 1111. 1111.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-5

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Deflection in X, grid point 2 (in) 0.01111 0.01093
Reaction in X, grid point 1 (lb) –1.000E4 –1.000E4

References

Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials.. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 76.

Distributed Loads on a Cantilever Beam

Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the stress at the midpoint of the
beam and the reaction force at the restrained end.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

mstvl003.dat

Units

Inch

Model Geometry

Length = 480 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

• Area = 900 in.2

• Square cross section (30 in. x 30 in.)

• Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4

2-6 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

Material Properties

• E = 30E06 psi

Finite Element Modeling

Create eight successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.

Boundary Conditions

• Restraints
o Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.

• Loads
o Define a distributed load of 250 lb/in. in the –Y direction.

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

X Stress at grid point 1 (psi) 6,400. 6,383.
Deflection Magnitude at grid point 5 (in) 0.8190 0.8225 *
Reaction Force Magnitude at grid point 1 (lb) 1.200E5 1.200E5

* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.

References

Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 716.

Moment Load on a Cantilever Beam

Determine the deflection of a beam at the free end. Determine the bending stress of the beam and
the reaction force at the restrained end.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-7

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
mstvl004.dat

Units
Inch

Model Geometry
Length = 480 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

• Area = 900 in.2

• Iy = Iz = 67500 in.4

• Square cross section 30” x 30” inches

Material Properties
• E = 30 E+06 psi

Finite Element Modeling

Create eight successive linear beam (CBAR) elements along the X axis.

Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.

• Loads

2-8 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

o Set the Z-moment of the end grid point to 2.5E06 in.-lb.

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Von Mises Stress at grid point 1 (psi) 555.6 555.6
Deflection Magnitude at grid point 5 (in) 0.1422 0.1422
Reaction Force Z Direction at grid point 1 (lb) 2.500E6 2.499E6

* Includes shear deformation which is neglected in theoretical value.

References
Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 716.

Edge Pressure on Beam Element - Torque Loading

Determine the stress, elongation and resultant force due to a torque applied to a hollow cylinder
at the free end.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
mstvl005.dat

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-9

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

Units
SI - meter

Model Geometry
Length = 1.5 m

Cross Sectional Properties

• Radius1 = 0.02 m

• Radius2 = .03 m

Material Properties
• E = 208.6 GPa

Finite Element Modeling

• Create a CBAR element along the X axis.

• To find the maximum shearing stress, set the effective radius in torsion to 0.03 m.

• The minimum shearing stress is located at a radius equal to 0.02 m.

Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.

• Loads
o Apply an edge torque equal to 4.08 kN-m along the 10 cm linear beam (CBAR) element
furthest from the restrained end.

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Max Torsional Shear Stress (MPa) 120.0 120.0

Min Torsional Shear Stress (MPa) 80.00 80.00

Post Processing
To obtain the minimum and maximum shear stress values, a post processor which supports contour
plots of the torsional shear stress on the cross section using the linear beam (CBAR) element forces
must be used. The cross section location can be anywhere except the free end of the beam.

2-10 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

References
Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 122.

Thermal Strain, Displacement, and Stress on Heated Beam

A beam originally 1 meter long and at –50° C is heated to 25° C. First, determine the displacement
and thermal strain on a cantilever beam. Fix the beam at the free end and then determine the
displacement, reaction forces, and stresses along the beam. Next, fix the beam at both ends.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
mstvl007.dat

Units
SI - meter

Model Geometry
Length = 1 m

Cross Sectional Properties

• Area = 0.01 m2

Material Properties
• E = 2.068E11 Pa

• Coefficient of thermal expansion = 1.2E–05

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-11

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

• v = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

• Create 10 linear beam (CBAR) elements on the X axis and restrain the end grids in all directions.

• Apply a temperature on all grid points.

Boundary Conditions

• Restraints
o Case 1: Restrain one end of the beam in all six directions.

o Case 2: Restrain both ends of the beam in all six directions.

• Loads
o Set grid temperatures to 25°C. Set the reference temperature to –50°C.

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Case 1

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

X Displacement at grid 11 (m) .0009000 .0009000
Axial Thermal Strain .0009000 .0009000

Case 2

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

X Displacement (m) 0 0
Axial Stress (Pa) 1.860E8 1.861E8
X Reaction Force (N) 1.860E6 1.861E6

References

Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 65.

Uniformly Distributed Load on Linear Beam

A beam 40 feet long is restrained and loaded as shown with a distributed load of –833 lbs. per foot.
Determine the bending stress and the deflection at the middle of the beam.

2-12 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

mstvl008.dat

Units

Inch

Model Geometry

Length = 480 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

• Rectangular cross section (1.17 in. x 43.24 in.)

• Iz = 7892 in.4

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-13

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

Material Properties

• E = 30E06 psi

Finite Element Modeling

Create 4 successive linear beam (CBAR) elements that are each 10 feet long.

Boundary Conditions

• Restraints
o Restrain the second and the fourth grids in five degrees of freedom. Do not restrain rotation
about Z.

• Loads
o Define a distributed load (force per unit length) of –833 lb/foot (global negative Y direction)
on the end elements.

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Y Displacement at grid 3 (in.) 0.1820 0.182
Max bending stress (psi) 1.644E4 1.644E4

References

Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 98.

Membrane Loads on a Linear Quadrilateral Thin Shell Element

A circle is scribed on an unstressed aluminum plate. Forces acting in the plane of the plate cause
normal stresses. Determine the change in the length of diameter AB and of diameter CD.

2-14 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

Test Case Data and Information

Element Types

cquad4

Input Files

mstvl009.dat

Units

Inch

Model Geometry

• Length = 15 in.

• Diameter = 9 in.

• Thickness = 3/4 in.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-15

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

Material Properties

• E = 10E06 psi

• Poisson's ratio = 1/3

• F(x)/L = 9,000 lb/in.

• F(z)/L = 15,000 lb/in.

Finite Element Modeling

Create 1/4 of the model and apply symmetry boundary conditions. Then multiply the answer by 2 for
correct results. Remember to account for the ratio of the circle diameter to plate length.

Boundary Conditions

• Restraints
o Restrain the left end of the beam in all six degrees.

• Loads
o Set the edge pressure to 9,000 lb/in. in the X direction and 15,000 lb/in. in the Z direction.

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

X Diameter Change (in.) –4.800E3 –4.800E3
Z Diameter Change (in.) –14.40E3 –14.40E3

Post Processing

• (dx at grid point 7 – dx at grid point 10) x 2 = (0.004 – 0.0016) x 2 = 0.0048

• (dz at grid point 7 – dz at grid point 24) x 2 = (0.012 –0.0048) x 2 = 0.0144

References

Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 85.

Axial Loading on Rod Element

Determine the stress, elongation, and strain due to an axial load on a rod element.

2-16 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

mstvl011.dat

Units

SI - meters

Model Geometry

Length = 10 m

Cross Sectional Properties

• Area = 0.01 m2

Material Properties

• E = 200.0 GPa

Finite Element Modeling

Create a rod (CROD) element along the X axis.

Boundary Conditions

• Restraints
o Restrain an end of the rod in the 3 translational degrees.

• Loads
o Apply a grid point force in the positive X-direction of 500 kN.

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Axial Stress (MPa) 50.00 50.00
Axial Strain 0.0002500 0.0002500
Elongation (mm) 2.500 2.500

References

Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 716.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-17

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

Stress on a Beam as It Expands and Closes a Gap

Determine the stress on a beam as it expands thermally and closes a 0.002 inch gap. It is initially at
70 °F and is heated to 170 °F.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
mstvl013.dat

Units
Inch

Model Geometry
Length = 3 in.

Material Properties
• E = 1.05E07 psi

• Coefficient of thermal expansion = 1.25E–05 in./(in.–°F)

Finite Element Modeling

• Create a single linear beam (CBAR) element on the X axis.

2-18 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

• Create an MPC to define the closing of the gap.

Boundary Conditions

• Restraints
o Restrain the free end of the beam in all six degrees.

• Loads
o Set grid temperature to 170 °F.

o Set the reference temperature to 70 °F.

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Axial Stress (psi) –6.125E3 –6.125E3

References

Harris, C. O. Introduction to Stress Analysis 1959. p. 58.

Thin Wall Cylinder in Pure Tension

Determine the stress and deflection of a thin wall cylinder with a uniform axial load.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-19

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
mstvl014.dat

Units
Inch

Model Geometry
• R = 0.5 in.

• Thickness = 0.01 in.

• y = 1.0 in.

Material Properties
• E = 10,000 psi

2-20 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Create 1/4 model of the cylinder with thin shell linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements and symmetry
boundary conditions.

Boundary Conditions

• Restraints
o Restrain edges of symmetry, in translation, in hoop direction, and rotation about Z axis.

o Restrain one end in Y direction.

Loads

o Apply membrane edge pressure of p / (pi)D = 3.1831 where p = 10 psi

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Axial (Z) Stress (psi) 1.000E3 1.000E3
Axial (Z) Deflection (in.) 1.000 1.000
Radial Deflection (in.) –0.01500 –0.01500

References

Roark, R. and Young, W. Formulas for Stress and Strain, 6th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1989. p. 518, Case 1a.

Thin Shell Beam Wall in Pure Bending

Determine the maximum stress, maximum deflection, and strain energy of a thin shell beam wall
with a uniform bending load.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-21

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
mstvl015.dat

Units
Inch

Model Geometry
• Length = 30 in.

• Width = 5 in.

• Thickness = 0.1 in.

Material Properties
• E = 30E06 psi

• ν = 0.03

2-22 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

Finite Element Modeling

Create a 30 in. x 5 in. plate with thing shell (CQUAD4) elements.

Boundary Conditions

• Restraints
o Restrain at one of the ends in all directions.

• Loads
o Apply edge pressure of p/w = 1.2 lbs/in. where p = 6.0 lb.

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Max Z Deflection (in.) 4.320 4.264
Max Z Stress (psi) 2.160E4 1.980E4
Total Strain Energy (lb in.) 12.96 12.79

References

Shigley, J. and Mitchel L. Mechanical Engineering Design, 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.,
1983. pp. 134, 804.

Strain Energy of a Truss

Determine the strain energy of a truss. The cross-sectional area of the diagonal members is twice
the cross-sectional area of the horizontal and vertical members.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-23

 Chapter
Chapter 2: 2: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Theoretical
Theoretical Solutions
Solutions

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
mstvl016.dat

Units
Inch

Model Geometry
• Length = 10 in.

Cross Sectional Properties

• Cross-sectional area (A) = 0.01 in.2

Material Properties
• E = 30E06 psi

Finite Element Modeling

Create truss shown using rod (CROD) elements.

Boundary Conditions
• Restraints
o Restrain far left grid in directions: X, Y, Z, RX, RY.

o Restrain far right grid in directions: Y, Z, RX, RY.

• Loads

2-24 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Theoretical Solutions

o Apply grid force in Y direction on lower center grid; F= 300 lb.

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Total Strain Energy (lb in.) 5.846 5.846

References

Beer and Johnston. Mechanics of Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992. p. 588.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 2-25

Chapter 3: Linear Statics Verification Using Standard
NAFEMS Benchmarks

3.1 Overview of Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS

Benchmarks
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran using standard
benchmarks published by NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards,
National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.).
These standard benchmark tests were created by NAFEMS to stretch the limits of the finite elements
in commercial software. All results obtained using NX Nastran compare favorably with other
commercial finite element analysis software.

Understanding the Test Case Format

Each test case is structured with the following information:
• Test case data and information
o Physical and material properties

o Finite element modeling (modeling procedure or hints)

o Units

o Finite element modeling information

o Boundary conditions (loads and restraints)

o Solution type

• Results

• Reference

Reference
The following reference has been used in these test cases:
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks. Glasgow:
NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.

3.2 Test Cases

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-1

 Chapter
Chapter 3: 3: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Elliptic Membrane
This test is a linear elastic analysis of an elliptic membrane (shown below) using coarse and fine
meshes of plane stress elements and thin shell elements. It provides the input data and results
for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE1.

Ellipses:

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

le101.dat (plane stress quadrilateral)

le102.dat (plane stress triangle)
le103.dat (thin shell)

Physical and Material Properties

• Thickness = 0.1 m

• Isotropic material

• E = 210E3 MPa

• v = 0.3

Units

SI

3-2 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Finite Element Modeling

• Plane stress (only MID1 defined on PSHELL) linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8)
quadrilaterals — coarse and fine mesh.

• Plane stress (only MID1 defined on PSHELL) linear (CTRI3) and parabolic (CTRI6) triangles
— coarse and fine mesh.

• Thin shell (MID1, MID2 and MID3 defined on PSHELL) linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic
(CQUAD8) quadrilaterals — coarse and fine mesh.

• The fine mesh is created by approximately halving the coarse mesh.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-3

 Chapter
Chapter 3: 3: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

• Uniform outward pressure at outer edge BC = 10 MPa

• Inner curved edge AD unloaded

• X displacement (edge AB) = 0

3-4 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• Y displacement (edge CD) = 0

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Output — tangential edge stress at D (stress in Y direction)

Plane Stress Elements

Test case Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear quad — coarse mesh 4 92.7 62.1
Linear quad — fine mesh 204 92.7 79.6

Parabolic quad — coarse mesh 104 92.7 82.1

Parabolic quad — fine mesh 304 92.7 89.9
Linear triangle — coarse mesh 4 92.7 52.9
Linear triangle — fine mesh 204 92.7 70.8
Parabolic triangle — coarse mesh 104 92.7 76.8
Parabolic triangle — fine mesh 304 92.7 93.6

Thin Shell Elements

Test case Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear quad — coarse mesh 4 92.7 62.1
Linear quad — fine mesh 204 92.7 79.6
Parabolic quad — coarse mesh 104 92.7 82.1
Parabolic quad — fine mesh 304 92.7 89.9

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-5

 Chapter
Chapter 3: 3: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No. LE1.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.

Cylindrical Shell Patch Test

This test is a linear elastic analysis of a cylindrical shell (shown below) using thin shell elements and
two different loadings. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark
Test LE2.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• le201a.dat (linear shell, case 1)

• le201b.dat (parabolic shell, case 1)

• le202a.dat (linear shell, case 2)

• le202b.dat (parabolic shell, case 2)

Physical and Material Properties

• Thickness = 0.1 m

3-6 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• Isotropic material

• E = 210E3 MPa

• v = 0.3

Units

SI

Finite Element Modeling

• Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals

Boundary Conditions

• Translations and rotations (edge AB) = 0

• Z translations and normal rotations (edge AD and edge BC) = 0

Case 1 loading:
• Uniform normal edge moment on DC = 1.0 kNm/m

Case 2 loading:
• Uniform outward normal pressure at mid-surface ABCD = 0.6 MPa

• Tangential outward normal pressure on edge DC = 60.0 MPa

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-7

 Chapter
Chapter 3: 3: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results
Output — outer (convex) surface (top shell surface) tangential stress at point E (grid point 2):

Test case Filename Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear quad – case 1 le201a 60.00 51.8
Linear quad – case 2 le202a 60.00 51.1*
Parabolic quad – case 1 le201b 60.00 56.4
Parabolic quad – case 2 le202b 60.00 56.4*
* Since the shapes of the shells are an approximation to a cylindrical surface, an edge load will
not be in the correct direction. To get this result, the edge load must be input as grid forces in the
tangential direction.

Post Processing
• Stress component: Y

• Results obtained on the element top surface in cylindrical coordinate system

3-8 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No. LE2.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.

Hemisphere-Point Loads
This test is a linear elastic analysis of hemisphere point loads (shown below) using coarse and
fine meshes of thin shell elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard
Benchmark Test LE3.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• le301.dat (linear quad, coarse mesh)

• le302.dat (linear quad, fine mesh)

• le303.dat (parabolic quad, coarse mesh)

Physical and Material Properties

• Thickness = 0.04 m

• Isotropic material

• E = 68.25 × 103 MPa

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-9

 Chapter
Chapter 3: 3: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• v = 0.3

Units

SI

Finite Element Modeling

• Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals — coarse and fine mesh

• Equally spaced grid points on AC, CE, EA

• Point G at X = Y = Z = 10 /( 31/2) grid point 7

Boundary Conditions

• Edge AE symmetry about XZ plane (y = rotation x = rotation z = 0)

• Edge CE symmetry about YZ plane (x = rotation y = rotation z = 0)

• Point E (x = y = z = 0)

• All other displacements on edge AC are free.

• Concentrated radial load outward at A = 2KN

• Concentrated radial load inward at C = 2KN

3-10 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Output — X displacement at point A

Mesh Test Case Bench Value NX Nastran

linear quad — coarse mesh le301 0.185 0.1848
linear quad — fine mesh le302 0.185 0.1865
parabolic quad — coarse mesh le303 0.185 0.1416

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No. LE3.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.

Z-Section Cantilever
This test is a linear elastic analysis of a Z-section cantilever (shown below) using thin shell elements.
It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE5.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-11

 Chapter
Chapter 3: 3: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• le501.dat (linear quadrilateral)

• le502.dat (parabolic quadrilateral)

Physical and Material Properties

• Thickness = 0.1 m

• Isotropic material

• E = 210E3 MPa

• v = 0.3

Units

SI

Finite Element Modeling

• Thin shell linear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals

Boundary Conditions

• All displacements on edges B1, B2, B3 = 0

• Torque of 1.2MN applied at end C by two edge shears (at C1 & C3) of 0.6 MN

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 Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results
Output — averaged axial stress at mid-surface, point A, grid point 30 (compression)

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear quad - point A/grid point 30 –108.0 –111.0
Parabolic quad - point A/grid point 30 –108.0 –110.3

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No. LE5.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.

Skew Plate Normal Pressure

This test is a linear elastic analysis of a plate (shown below) using thin shell elements. It provides the
input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE6.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• le601.dat (linear and parabolic quad)

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-13

 Chapter
Chapter 3: 3: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• le602.dat (linear and parabolic triangle)

Physical and Material Properties

• Thickness = 0.01 m

• Isotropic material

• E = 210E3 MPa

• v = 0.3

Units
SI

Finite Element Modeling

• Thin shelllinear (CQUAD4) and parabolic (CQUAD8) quadrilaterals — coarse and fine mesh

• Thin shell linear (CTRI3) and parabolic (CTRI6) triangles — coarse and fine mesh

Boundary Conditions
• Simple supports

• Z displacement = 0

• Normal pressure = –0.7KPa in the Z direction

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results
Output — maximum principal stress on the bottom surface at the plate center.

Case le601

Mesh Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear quad coarse mesh 9 0.802 0.325
Linear quad fine mesh 18 0.802 0.683
Parabolic quad coarse mesh 43 0.802 0.625

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 Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Mesh Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Parabolic quad fine mesh 52 0.802 0.719

Case le602

Mresh Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear triangle coarse mesh 9 0.802 0.396
Linear triangle fine mesh 18 0.802 0.720
Parabolic triangle coarse mesh 43 0.802 0.926
Parabolic triangle fine mesh 52 0.802 0.857

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No. LE6.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.

Thick Plate Pressure

This article provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Standard Benchmark Test LE10. This test
is a linear elastic analysis of a thick (shown below) using coarse and fine meshes of solid elements.

Ellipses:

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• le1001.dat (linear and parabolic brick)

• le1002.dat (linear and parabolic wedge)

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-15

 Chapter
Chapter 3: 3: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• le1003.dat (linear and parabolic tetrahedron)

• le1004.dat (linear and parabolic pyramid)

Physical and Material Properties

• Isotropic material

• E = 210E3 MPa

• v = 0.3

Units

SI

Finite Element Modeling

• Solid brick (CHEXA) linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh

• Solid wedge (CPENTA) linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh

• Solid tetrahedron (CTETRA) - linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh

• Solid pyramid (CPYRAM) linear and parabolic - coarse and fine mesh (created by dividing each
linear and parabolic brick element into 6 pyramid elements)

Solid Brick

3-16 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Solid Wedge

Solid Tetrahedron — fine mesh only

Boundary Conditions

• Uniform normal pressure on the upper surface of the plate = 1 MPa

• Inner curved edge AD unloaded

• X and Y displacements on faces DCD'C′ and ABA′B′ = 0

• X and Y displacements on face BCB′C′ are fixed

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-17

 Chapter
Chapter 3: 3: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• Z displacements along mid-plane are fixed

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Output — direct stress at point Dσyy

Test Case le1001

Mesh Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear brick — coarse mesh 4 –5.50 –5.41
Linear brick — fine mesh 204 –5.50 –5.67
Parabolic brick — coarse mesh 104 –5.50 –6.13
Parabolic brick — fine mesh 304 –5.50 –6.04

Test Case le1002

Mesh Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear wedge — coarse mesh 4 –5.50 –5.94
Linear wedge — fine mesh 204 –5.50 –5.83
Parabolic wedge — coarse mesh 104 –5.50 –5.32
Parabolic wedge — fine mesh 304 –5.50 –6.01

Test Case le1003

Result Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear tetra — fine mesh 40 –5.50 –2.41
Parabolic tetra — fine mesh 171 –5.50 –5.28

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 Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Test Case le1004

Mesh Grid point # Bench Value NX Nastran

Linear pyramid — coarse mesh 4 –5.50 –2.85
Linear pyramid — fine mesh 204 –5.50 –3.83
Parabolic pyramid — coarse 104 –5.50 –5.60
mesh
Parabolic pyramid — fine mesh 304 –5.50 –5.72

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No. LE10.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.

Solid Cylinder/Taper/Sphere — Temperature

This test is a linear elastic analysis of a solid cylinder with a temperature gradient (shown below)
using coarse and fine meshes of solid elements. It provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
Standard Benchmark Test LE11.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• le1101a.dat (linear brick — coarse mesh)

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-19

 Chapter
Chapter 3: 3: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• le1101b.dat (linear brick — fine mesh)

• le1102a.dat (parabolic brick — coarse mesh)

• le1102b.dat (parabolic brick — fine mesh)

• le1103a.dat (linear wedge — coarse mesh)

• le1103b.dat (linear wedge — fine mesh)

• le1104a.dat (parabolic wedge — coarse mesh)

• le1104b.dat (parabolic wedge — fine mesh)

• le1105a.dat (linear tetra — coarse mesh)

• le1105b.dat (linear tetra — fine mesh)

• le1106a.dat (parabolic tetra — coarse mesh)

• le1106b.dat (parabolic tetra — fine mesh)

• le1107a.dat (linear pyramid — coarse mesh)

• le1107b.dat (linear pyramid — fine mesh)

• le1108a.dat (parabolic pyramid — coarse mesh)

• le1108b.dat (parabolic pyramid — fine mesh)

Physical and Material Properties

• Isotropic material

• E = 210E3 MPa

• v = 0.3

• a = 2.3E–4 °C

Units
SI

Finite Element Modeling

• Solid brick (CHEXA) linear and parabolic — coarse and fine mesh

• Solid wedge (CPENTA) linear (6 grid point) and parabolic (15 grid point) — coarse and fine mesh

• Solid tetrahedron (CTETRA) linear and parabolic — coarse and fine mesh

• Solid pyramid (CPYRAM) linear and parabolic — coarse and fine mesh (created by dividing each
linear and parabolic brick element into 6 pyramid elements)

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 Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Solid Brick

Solid Tetrahedron

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-21

 Chapter
Chapter 3: 3: Linear
Linear Statics
Statics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions
• Linear temperature gradient in the radial and axial direction
T° C = (X2 + Y2)1/2 + Z

• X, Y, and Z displacements = 0

• X and Y displacements on face BCB′C′ are fixed

• Z displacements on XY-plane face and HIH′I′ face = 0

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results
Output - direct stress σyy at point A

File Name Result Grid point at Bench NX

Point A Value Nastran
le1101a Linear brick — coarse mesh 30 –105.0 –88.50
le1101b Linear brick — fine mesh 71 –105.0 –98.3
le1102a Parabolic brick — coarse mesh 67 –105.0 –100.4
le1102b Parabolic brick — fine mesh 159 –105.0 –111.2
le1103a Linear wedge — coarse mesh 33 –105.0 –10.0
le1103b Linear wedge — fine mesh 74 –105.0 –48.3
le1104a Parabolic wedge — coarse mesh 71 –105.0 –87.2
le1104b Parabolic wedge — fine mesh 187 –105.0 –96.2
le1105a Linear tetra — coarse mesh 8 –105.0 –31.4

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 Linear Statics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

File Name Result Grid point at Bench NX

Point A Value Nastran
le1105b Linear tetra — fine mesh 8 –105.0 –65.2
le1106a Parabolic tetra — coarse mesh 8 –105.0 –89.6
le1106b Parabolic tetra — fine mesh 8 –105.0 –97.3
le1107a Linear pyramid — coarse mesh 30 –105.0 –57.0
le1107b Linear pyramid — fine mesh 71 –105.0 –79.8
le1108a Parabolic pyramid — coarse mesh 67 –105.0 –65.8
le1108b Parabolic pyramid — fine mesh 159 –105.0 –108.8

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks, Test No. LE11.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Rev. 3, 1990.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 3-23

Chapter 4: Normal Mode Dynamics Verification

4.1 Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using

Theoretical Solutions
The purpose of these normal mode dynamics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran using
theoretical solutions. The test cases are relatively simple in form and most of them have closed-form
theoretical solutions.
The theoretical solutions shown in these examples are from well known engineering texts. For each
test case, a specific reference is cited. All theoretical reference texts are listed at the end of this topic.
The finite element method is very flexible in the types of physical problems represented. The
verification tests provided are not exhaustive in exploring all possible problems, but represent
common types of applications.
This overview provides information on the following:
• Understanding the test case format

• Understanding comparisons with theoretical solutions

• References

Understanding the Test Case Format

Each test case is structured with the following information.
• Test case data and information:
o Physical and material properties

o Finite element modeling (modeling procedure or hints)

o Units

o Solution type

o Boundary conditions (loads and restraints/constraints)

• Results

• Reference

Understanding Comparisons with Theoretical Solutions

While differences in finite element and theoretical results are, in most cases, negligible, some tests
would require an infinite number of elements to achieve the exact solution. Elements are chosen to
achieve reasonable engineering accuracy with reasonable computing times.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 4-1

 Chapter
Chapter 4: 4: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification

Results reported here are results which you can compare to the referenced theoretical solution.
Other results available from the analyses are not reported here. Results for both theoretical and finite
element solutions are carried out with the same significant digits of accuracy.
The closed-form theoretical solution may have restrictions, such as rigid connections, that do not
exist in the real world. These limiting restrictions are not necessary for the finite element model, but
are used for comparison purposes. Verification to real world problems is more difficult but should be
done when possible.
The actual results from NX Nastran may vary insignificantly from the results presented in this
document. This variation is due to different methods of performing real numerical arithmetic on
different systems. In addition, it is due to changes in element formulations which have been made to
improve results under certain circumstances.

Reference
The following references have been used in the normal mode dynamics analysis verification
problems presented:
1. Blevins, R. Formulas For Natural Frequency and Mode Shape, 1st Edition. New York: Van
Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1979.

2. Timoshenko and Young. Vibration Problems in Engineering. New York: Van Norstrand Reinhold
Company, 1955.

3. Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, Theory and Applications. Boston: Allyn
and Bacon, Inc., 1978.

4. Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon,
Inc., 1978.

4.2 Test Cases

Natural Frequency of Circular Ring with Axisymmetric Model

Determine the frequency of radial vibration of an axisymmetric ring.

4-2 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification

Test Case Data and Information

Input File

mstvn001.dat

Units

Inch

Model Geometry

• Thickness = 0.05 in.

• Radius = 100 in.

Material Properties

• Density = 0.00073 lb-sec2/in.4

• E = 30E6 psi

Finite Element Modeling

Create a linear axisymmetric thin shell element (CCONEAX) .05 inches long at a radius of 100
inches from the center.

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Frequency (Hz) 322.6 322.6

References

Timoshenko and Young. Vibration Problems in Engineering, p. 425. New York: Van Norstrand
Reinhold Company, 1955.

Undamped Free Vibration — Single Degree of Freedom

Determine the natural frequency of the system shown.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 4-3

 Chapter
Chapter 4: 4: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification

Test Case Data and Information

Input File
mstvn002.dat

Units
SI - meter

Model Geometry
• Length = 0.5 m

• a = 0.3 m

Physical Properties
• mass = 20 Kg

• k = 8 KN/m

Finite Element Modeling

• Create 5 rigid bar (RBAR) elements along the X axis. Each bar should be 0.1 m long.

• A lumped mass (CONM2) element is applied on the end grid point.

4-4 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification

• A grid point-to-ground spring element (CELAS1) is applied 0.2 m from the lumped mass.

Boundary Conditions

• Restrain the first grid point to allow rotation only in the Z direction.

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Frequency (Hz) 1.910 1.910

References

Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, Theory and Applications, p. 75. Boston:
Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978.

Two Degrees of Freedom Undamped Free Vibration — Principle Modes

Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system with two degrees of freedom.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 4-5

 Chapter
Chapter 4: 4: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification

Test Case Data and Information

Input File
mstvn003.dat

Units
SI- meter

Element Types
• Translational springs (CELAS1)

• Lumped mass (CONM2)

4-6 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification

Physical Properties

• Mass = 1 kg

• k = 1 N/m

Finite Element Modeling

• Create four grid points on the Y axis.

• Create three linear springs (CELAS1) with stiffness of 1 N/m and with a uniaxial stiffness
reference coordinate system.

• Create two lumped mass elements (CONM2) with a mass of 1 kg.

Boundary Conditions

• Restrain ends in all directions.

• Restrain other grid points in all directions but Y.

Solution Type

Normal Mode Dynamics - SOL 103, Lanczos method

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Frequency of Mode 1 (Hz) 0.1592 0.1592
Frequency of Mode 2 (Hz) 0.2757 0.2757

References

Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, pp. 145-149. Boston: Allyn
and Bacon, Inc., 1978.

Three Degrees of Freedom Torsional System

Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system with three degrees of freedom.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 4-7

 Chapter
Chapter 4: 4: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification

Test Case Data and Information

Input File
mstvn004.dat

Element Types
• Rotational springs (CELAS1)

• Lumped mass (CONM2)

Units
SI — meter

Physical Properties
• J = J1 = J2 = J3 = 0.1

• k = k1 = k2 = k3 = 1 N*m

Finite Element Modeling

• Create four grid points on the X axis.

• Create three linear torsional springs (CELAS1) with stiffness of 1 N*m and with a stiffness
reference coordinate system being uniaxial.

• Create three lumped mass elements (CONM2) with a mass coordinate system = 1 and with mass
inertia system of: 0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0.

Boundary Conditions
• Restrain one end in all directions.

• Restrain the other grid points in all directions but RX.

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos method

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Frequency of Mode 1 (Hz) 0.2240 0.2240
Frequency of Mode 2 (Hz) 0.6276 0.6276
Frequency of Mode 3 (Hz) 0.9069 0.9069

References
Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, pp. 153-155. Boston: Allyn
and Bacon, Inc., 1978.

4-8 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification

Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System

Determine the natural frequencies of dynamic system with two degrees of freedom. Degrees of
freedom are one translational and one rotational.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
mstvn005.dat

Units
SI - meter

Physical Properties
• Mass = 1800 kg

• K1 = 42000 N/m

• K2 = 48000 N/m

Finite Element Modeling

• Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K1

• Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K2

• Create a lumped mass element (CONM2) with a mass coordinate system = 1 and mass inertia
system of: 0.0, 0.0, 3528, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 4-9

 Chapter
Chapter 4: 4: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification

• Create a three-noded rigid element (RBE2)

Boundary Conditions

• Nodal displacement restraints

o Restrain grid points 4 and 5 in all directions.

o Restrain the other grid points in all directions but Y and RZ.

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Frequency of Mode 1 (Hz) 1.086 1.086
Frequency of Mode 2(Hz) 1.496 1.496

References

Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1978. pp.
150-153.

Two Degrees of Freedom Vehicle Suspension System

Determine the natural frequencies of dynamic system with two degrees of freedom. Degrees of
freedom are one translational and one rotational.

4-10 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification

Test Case Data and Information

Input File
mstvn005.dat

Element Types
• Translational springs (CELAS1)

• Lumped mass (CONM2)

• Rigid (RBE2)

Units
SI — meter

Model Geometry
• Length1 = 1.6 m

• Length2 = 2.0 m

• r = 1.4 m (gyration radius; J = m*r*r)

Physical Properties
• mass = 1800 kg

• K1 = 42000 N/m

• K2 = 48000 N/m

Finite Element Modeling

• Create five grid points in the XY plane with the following coordinates:
o Grid point 1 = (0,0)

o Grid point 2 = (12,0)

o Grid point 3 = (–L1,0)

o Grid point 4 = (L2,–1)

o Grid point 5 = (–L1,–1)

• Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K1 between grid point 1 and grid
point 5.

• Create a linear translation spring (CELAS1) with stiffness of K2 between grid point 2 and grid
point 4.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 4-11

 Chapter
Chapter 4: 4: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification

• Create a lumped mass element (CONM2) with a mass coordinate system = 1 and mass inertia
system of: 0.0, 0.0, 3528, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0.

• Create a three-grid-point rigid element (RBE2) using grid point 1, grid point 2, and grid point 3.

Boundary Conditions

• Restrain grid points 4 and 5 in all directions.

• Restrain the other grid points in all directions but Y and RZ.

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Frequency of Mode 1 (Hz) 1.086 1.086
Frequency of Mode 2(Hz) 1.496 1.496

References

Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, pp. 150-153. Boston: Allyn and Bacon,
Inc., 1978.

Cantilever Beam Undamped Free Vibrations

Determine the natural frequencies of a cantilever beam.

Test Case Data and Information

Input File

mstvn006.dat

Element Type

Linear beam (CBEAM)

4-12 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification

Units
Inch

Model Geometry
• Length = 100 in.

• Height = 2 in.

Physical and Material Properties

• w = 1 lb/in.

• J = .10

• Poisson's ratio = .3

Calculated Data
• A = h2 = 4 in2

• I = h4/12 = 1.33333

• G = E/2 × 1/1 + nu = 11538461.54

• m = w/g = 2.59067375E–3

• Ip = Ixx + Iyy = 2.66666

Finite Element Modeling

• Create 11 grid points on X axis.

• Create 10 linear beams (CBEAM) between grid points.

Boundary Conditions
• Restrain one end grid point in all directions.

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Frequency of Modes 1 & 2 (Transverse 6.953 6.953
Vibration)
Frequency of Modes 3 & 4 (Transverse 43.58 43.58
Vibration)
Frequency of Mode 5 (Torsional Vibration) 64.68 64.68

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 4-13

 Chapter
Chapter 4: 4: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Frequency of Modes 6 & 7 (Transverse 122.0 122.0
Vibration)
Frequency of Mode 8 (Torsional Vibration) 193.9 195.7
Frequency of Modes 9 & 10 (Transverse 238.8 239.3
Vibration)

References
Blevins, R. Formulas For Natural Frequency and Mode Shape, 1st Edition, pp. 108,193. New York:
Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1979.

Natural Frequency of a Cantilevered Mass

Determine the natural frequencies of a dynamic system consisting of a massless beam and a lumped
mass at the end.

Test Case Data and Information

Input File
mstvn007.dat

Element Types
• Linear beam (CBAR)

• Lumped mass (CONM2)

Units
Inch

Model Geometry
Length = 30 in.

Physical and Material Properties

• Mass = 0.5 lbm

4-14 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification

• E = 30E6 psi

• Density = 1.0E–6

• I = 1.5 in.4

Finite Element Modeling

• Create 2 grid points on the X axis with coordinates (0,0,0) and (30,0,0).

• Create a linear beam (CBAR) element between grid points with shear area ratio = 0.

• Create a lumped mass (CONM2) on one grid point with mass of 0.5 lbm.

Boundary Conditions

• Restrain wall end in all directions.

• Restrain mass end in directions of Z, RX, and RY.

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos method

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Mode 2 Frequency (Hz) 15.92 15.92

References

Tse, F., Morse, I., and Hinkle, R. Mechanical Vibrations, 2nd Edition, p. 72. Boston: Allyn and Bacon,
Inc., 1978.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 4-15

Chapter 5: Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using
Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

5.1 Overview of Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard

NAFEMS Benchmarks
The purpose of these normal mode dynamics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran
using standard benchmarks published by NAFEMS (National Agency for Finite Element Methods
and Standards, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K.).
These standard benchmark tests were created by NAFEMS to stretch the limits of the finite elements
in commercial software. All results obtained using NX Nastran compare favorably with other
commercial finite element analysis software. Results of these test cases using other commercial finite
element analysis software programs are available from NAFEMS.

Understanding the Test Case Format

Each test case is structured with the following information.
• Test case data and information:
o Units

o Physical and material properties

o Finite element modeling information

o Boundary conditions (loads and restraints/constraints)

o Solution type

• Results

• Reference

Reference
The following reference has been used in these test cases:
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

5.2 Beam Element Test Cases

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-1

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Pin-ended Cross — In-plane Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a pin-ended cross (shown below) using beam
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 1.

Attributes of this test are:

• Coupling between flexural and extensional behavior

• Repeated and close eigenvalues

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf001ac.dat (linear consistent)

• nf001al.dat (linear lumped)

Units

SI

Cross Sectional Properties

• Area = .015625 m2

Shear ratio:
• Y=0

• Z=0

5-2 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ=8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.29 (Poisson's ratio)

• G = 8.01E10

Finite Element Modeling

• Four linear beam (CBAR) elements per arm

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = 0 at A, B, C, D

• Z = Rx = Ry = 0 at all grid points

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method
NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (lumped mass on, param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (lumped mass off, param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference NAFEMS Target NX Nastran Result NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (Hz) (coupled mass) (Hz)
1 11.34 11.34 11.33 11.34

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-3

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Mode Reference NAFEMS Target NX Nastran Result NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (Hz) (coupled mass) (Hz)
2, 3 17.71 17.69 17.66 17.69
4 17.71 17.72 17.69 17.72
5 45.35 45.48 45.02 45.52
6, 7 57.39 57.36 56.06 57.43
8 57.39 57.68 56.34 57.75

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N.
C.Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 1. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Pin-ended Double Cross - In-plane Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a pin-ended double cross (shown below) using beam
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 2.

Attributes of this test are:

• Coupling between flexural and extensional behavior

• Repeated and close eigenvalues

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf002ac.dat (linear consistent)

5-4 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• nf002al.dat (linear lumped)

Units

SI

Cross Sectional Properties

Key-in section:
• Area = .015625 m2

Shear ratio:
• Y=0

• Z=0

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

Finite Element Modeling

• Four linear beam (CBAR) elements per arm

Boundary Conditions

• X = Y = 0 at A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H

• Z = Rx= Ry = 0 at all grid points

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-5

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method
NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (lumped mass toggle on, param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (lumped mass toggle off, param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference NAFEMS Target NX Nastran Result NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
1 11.34 11.34 11.33 11.34
2, 3 17.71 17.69 17.66 17.69
4, 5, 6, 7,8 17.71 17.72 17.69 17.72
9 45.35 45.48 45.02 45.52
10, 11 57.39 57.36 56.06 57.43
12, 13, 14, 15, 57.39 57.68 56.34 57.75
16

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 2. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Free Square Frame - In-plane Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free square frame (shown below) using beam
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 3.

Attributes of this test are:

• Coupling between flexural and extensional behavior

5-6 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• Rigid body modes (3 modes)

• Repeated and close eigenvalues

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf003ac.dat (linear consistent)

• nf003al.dat (linear lumped)

Units

SI

Cross Sectional Properties

Shear ratio:
• Y = 1.0

• Z = 1.0

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

Finite Element Modeling

• Four linear beam (CBAR) elements per arm

Boundary Conditions

• Rotations fixed, translations free

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-7

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method
NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (lumped mass toggle on, param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (lumped mass toggle off, param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference NAFEMS Target NX Nastran NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Value (Hz) Result (lumped (coupled mass) (Hz)
mass) (Hz)
4 3.261 3.262 3.259 3.259
5 5.668 5.665 5.660 5.663
6, 7 11.14 11.15 10.89 11.13
8 12.85 12.83 12.74 12.80
9 24.57 24.66 23.53 24.64
10, 11 28.70 28.81 28.13 28.73

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 3. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Cantilever with Off-center Point Masses

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilever with off-center point masses (shown
below) using beam elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis,Test 4.

Attributes of this test are:

• Coupling between torsional and flexural behavior

• Inertial axis non-coincident with flexibility axis

• Discrete lumped mass, rigid links

5-8 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• Close eigenvalues

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• nf004a.dat

Units
SI

Cross Sectional Properties

Shear ratio:
• Y = 1.128

• Z = 1.128

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m 2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

• Five linear beam (CBAR) elements along cantilever

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Z = Rx = Ry = Rz = 0 at A

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos (Parameter COUPMASS = –1)

Results

Mode Reference Value NAFEMS Target Value NX Nastran Result (Hz)

(Hz) (Hz)
1 1.723 1.723 1.714

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-9

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Mode Reference Value NAFEMS Target Value NX Nastran Result (Hz)

(Hz) (Hz)
2 1.727 1.727 1.720
3 7.413 7.413 7.554
4 9.972 9.972 9.954
5 18.16 18.16 17.68
6 26.96 26.97 26.78

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards. Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 4. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Deep Simply-Supported Beam

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a deep simply supported beam (shown below).
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 5.

Attributes of this test are:

• Shear deformation and rotary inertial (Timoshenko beam)

• Possibility of missing extensional modes when using iteration solution methods

• Repeated eigenvalues

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• nf005ac.dat (linear consistent, param coupmass = 1)

• nf005al.dat (linear lumped, param coupmass = –1)

Units
SI

5-10 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Cross Sectional Properties

Shear ratio:
• Y = 1.176923

• Z = 1.176923

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

• Five linear beam elements (CBEAM)

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Z = Rx =0 at A

• Y = Z = 0 at B

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method
NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (lumped mass on, param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (lumped mass off, param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference NAFEMS Target NX Nastran Result NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
1, 2 (flexural) 42.65 42.57 43.15 43.26
3 (torsional) 77.54 77.84 77.20 77.84
4 (extensional) 125.0 125.5 124.5 125.5
5, 6 (flexural) 148.3 145.5 149.8 154.9

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-11

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Mode Reference NAFEMS Target NX Nastran Result NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
7 (torsional) 233.1 241.2 224.1 241.2
8, 9 (flexural) 284.6 267.0 271.0 306.7

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 5. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Circular Ring — In-plane and Out-of-plane Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a circular ring (shown below) using beam elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 6.

Attributes of this test are:

• Rigid body modes (six modes)

• Repeated eigenvalues

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf006ac.dat (param coupmass = 1)

• nf006al.dat (param coupmass = –1)

Units

SI

5-12 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Cross Sectional Properties

Shear ratio:
• Y = 1.128205

• Z = 1.128205

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

• 20 linear beam (CBAR) elements

Boundary Conditions

• X = Y = Z = Rx = Ry = Rz active

• Model is unsupported.

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method

NX Nastran results were obtained two different ways:
• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference NAFEMS Target NX Nastran Result NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
7, 8 (out of 51.85 52.29 51.62 52.38
plane)
9, 10 (in plane) 53.38 53.97 54.05 53.80
11, 12 (out of 148.8 149.7 146.9 149.7
plane)
13, 14 (in plane) 151.0 152.4 152.2 151.5
15 (out of plane) 287.0 288.3 280.4 287.3
16 (in plane) 289.5 288.3 289.2 289.1

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-13

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 6. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Cantilevered Beam
This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered beam (shown below). This document
provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency
Analysis, Test 71.

Attributes of this test are:

• Ill-conditioned stiffness matrix

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• nf071a.dat (Test 1)

• nf071b.dat (Test 2)

• nf071c.dat (Test 3)

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ=8000 kg/m3

Finite Element Modeling

Three tests — all use linear beam (CBAR) elements
• Test 1: a = b

• Test 2: a = 10b

• Test3: a = 100b

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Rz = 0 at A

• Z = 0 at all grid points

• Rx = Ry = 0 at all grid points

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method
Beams always use a coupled mass formulation (param coupmass = 1).

Results

Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NX Nastran Result (Hz)

1 1.010 a=b 1.010
a = 10b 1.010
a = 100b 1.010
2 6.327 a=b 6.324
a = 10b 6.327
a = 100b 6.330
3 17.72 a=b 17.70
a = 10b 17.80
a = 100b 17.83
4 34.72 a=b 34.70
a = 10b 34.86
a = 100b 35.07
5 57.39 a=b 57.48
a = 10b 60.64
a = 100b 64.82

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-15

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Mode Reference Value (Hz) Mesh NX Nastran Result (Hz)

6 85.73 a=b 86.24
a = 10b 101.86
a = 100b 104.74

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 71. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

5.3 Shell Element Test Cases

Thin Square Cantilevered Plate — Symmetric Modes

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thin, square, cantilevered plate meshed with NX
Nastran shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 11a.

Attributes of this test are:

• Symmetric modes, symmetric boundary conditions along the cutting plane

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• nf011a_l.dat (4-noded quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf011a_c.dat (4-noded quadrilateral, coupled mass)

• nf011ha_l.dat (8-noded quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf011ha_c.dat (8-noded quadrilateral, coupled mass)

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 32 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements — thickness = 0.05m

• 8 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.05m

Boundary Conditions

• X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points

• Z = Ry = Rx = 0 along Y-axis

• Rx = 0 along Y = 5m

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-17

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method

Results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Result (lumped Result (coupled
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
1 0.4210 Linear 0.4150 0.4180
Parabolic 0.4150 0.4180
2 2.582 Linear 2.490 2.604
Parabolic 2.478 2.567
3 3.306 Linear 3.115 3.314
Parabolic 3.134 3.271
4 6.555 Linear 6.044 6.538
Parabolic 6.163 6.539
5 7.381 Linear 7.094 7.808
Parabolic 7.099 7.495
6 11.40 Linear 10.57 12.34
Parabolic 10.99 12.08

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 11a. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Thin Square Cantilevered Plate — Anti-symmetric Modes

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thin, square, cantilevered plate meshed with shell
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 11b.

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Attributes of this test are:

• Anti-symmetric modes

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf011b.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral)

• nf011hb.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 32 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements — thickness = 0.05m

• 8 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.05m

Mesh only half the plate (10m × 5m).

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-19

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

• X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points

• Z = Ry = Rx = 0 along Y-axis

• Rx = 0 along Y = 5m

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method

NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = —1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
1 1.029 Linear 1.019 1.000 1.020
Parabolic 1.018 1.005 1.022

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass)(Hz) mass(Hz)
2 3.753 Linear 3.839 3.570 3.767
Parabolic 3.710 3.597 3.725
3 7.730 Linear 8.313 7.091 8.113
Parabolic 7.768 7.026 7.786
4 8.561 Linear 9.424 8.047 9.025
Parabolic 8.483 8.133 8.690
5 not available Linear 11.73 9.940 11.69
Parabolic 11.19 10.15 11.19
6 not available Linear 17.82 14.22 17.44
Parabolic 15.76 14.21 16.78

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 11b. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Free Thin Square Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 12.

Attributes of this test are:

• Rigid body modes (three modes)

• Repeated eigenvalues

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-21

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• nf012l_l.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf012l_c.dat (linear (4-noded) quadrilateral, coupled mass)

• nf012h_l.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf012h_c.dat (parabolic (8-noded) quadrilateral, coupled mass)

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements — thickness = 0.05m

• 16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.05m

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method
Results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

5-22 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
4 1.622 Linear 1.632 1.578 1.624
Parabolic 1.532 1.584 1.619
5 2.360 Linear 2.402 2.241 2.389
Parabolic 2.356 2.233 2.363
6 2.922 Linear 3.006 2.804 2.979
Parabolic 2.861 2.808 2.929
7, 8 4.233 Linear 4.251 3.931 4.237
Parabolic 4.122 3.944 4.158
9 7.416 Linear 7.859 6.822 7.790
Parabolic 7.363 6.813 7.477
10 Not available Linear 8.027 6.822 7.790
Parabolic 7.392 6.813 7.477

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 12. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Simply Supported Thin Square Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 13.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-23

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Attributes of this test are:

• Well established

• Repeated eigenvalues

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• nf013l_l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf013l_c.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass)

• nf013h_l.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf013h_c.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements — thickness = 0.05m

• 16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.05m

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points

5-24 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• Z = Rx = 0 along edges X = 0 and X = 10m

• Z = Ry = 0 along edges Y = 0 and Y = 10m

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method

NX Nastran results were obtained two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NX Nastran Result NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
1 2.377 Linear 2.332 2.392
Parabolic 2.376 2.382
2, 3 5.942 Linear 5.797 6.181
Parabolic 5.938 6.026
4 9.507 Linear 8.963 9.933
Parabolic 9.747 10.22
5, 6 11.88 Linear 11.67 13.27
Parabolic 11.87 12.39
7, 8 15.45 Linear 14.45 17.07
Parabolic 16.56 18.17

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 13. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Simply Supported Thin Annular Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 14.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-25

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Attributes of this test are:

• Curved boundary (skewed coordinate system)

• Repeated eigenvalues

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• nf014l_l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf014l_c.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass)

• nf014h_l.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf014h_c.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 160 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements — thickness = 0.06 m

5-26 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• 48 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.06 m

Boundary Conditions

• X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points

• Z′ = Rx′ = 0 around the circumference

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics, Lanczos Method

NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NX Nastran Result NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
1 1.870 Linear 1.859 1.877
Parabolic 1.840 1.873
2, 3 5.137 Linear 5.293 5.249
Parabolic 5.111 5.151
4, 5 9.673 Linear 10.03 9.983
Parabolic 9.673 9.713
6 14.85 Linear 14.37 15.41
Parabolic 13.95 14.92
7, 8 15.57 Linear 16.10 15.55
Parabolic 15.55 15.71

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-27

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Mode Reference Mesh NX Nastran Result NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) (lumped mass) (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz)
9 18.38 Linear 18.07 19.09
Parabolic 17.38 18.52

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis,, Test No. 13. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Clamped Thin Rhombic Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 15.

Attributes of this test are:

• Distorted elements

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• nf015l.dat linear (lumped)

• nf015ha.dat parabolic (lumped)

• nf015hb.dat parabolic (consistent)

• nf015hc.data linear (consistent)

Units
SI

5-28 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:

• 144 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements — thickness = 0.05 m

• 36 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.05 m

Boundary Conditions

• X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points

• Z′ = Rx′ = Ry′ = 0 along all four edges

Solution Type

SOL103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

NX Nastran results were obtained two different ways:

• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-29

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 7.938 Linear 8.142 7.818 7.955
Parabolic 7.873 7.902 7.929
2 12.84 Linear 13.89 12.83 13.39
Parabolic 12.48 12.85 13.01
3 17.94 Linear 20.04 17.81 19.07
Parabolic 17.31 17.95 18.47
4 19.13 Linear 20.17 18.55 19.24
Parabolic 18.74 18.96 19.17
5 24.01 Linear 27.70 23.67 26.19
Parabolic 27.95 23.88 25.23
6 27.92 Linear 32.05 27.70 29.82
Parabolic 25.88 27.91 28.81

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 15. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Cantilevered Thin Square Plate with Distorted Mesh

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMSSelected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 16.

Attributes of this test are:

• Distorted meshes

5-30 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf016a1.dat: (16 parabolic quad, lumped mass)

• nf016a2.dat: (16 parabolic quad, coupled mass)

• nf016b1.dat: (16 parabolic quad, lumped mass)

• nf016b2.dat: (16 parabolic quad, coupled mass)

• nf016c1.dat: (4 parabolic quad, lumped mass)

• nf016c2.dat: (4 parabolic quad, coupled mass)

• nf016d1.dat: (4 parabolic quad, lumped mass)

• nf016d2.dat: (4 parabolic quad, coupled mass)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

All tests — parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements — thickness = 0.05m

Four tests:
• Test 1 — 16 elements

• Test 2 — 16 elements with specified grid points at the following XY coordinates:

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-31

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Coordinates
Node X Y
1 4.000 4.000
2 2.250 2.250
3 4.750 2.500
4 7.250 2.750
5 7.500 7.250
6 5.250 7.250
7 5.250 7.250
8 2.250 7.250
9 2.500 4.750

• Test 3 — 4 elements

• Test 4 — 4 elements with a specified grid point at the following XY coordinate:

Coordinates
Node X Y
1 4.000 4.000

5-32 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Z = Ry = 0 along Y-axis

Solution Type
SOL103 — Normal Mode Dynamics
NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference Test NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 0.4210 1 0.4174 0.4139 0.4181
2 0.4174 0.4135 0.4182
3 0.4144 0.4021 0.4189
4 0.4145 0.4000 0.4192

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-33

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Mode Reference Test NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
2 1.029 1 1.020 0.9985 1.024
2 1.020 0.9967 1.024
3 0.9990 0.9347 1.021
4 1.002 0.9202 1.025
3 2.582 1 2.564 2.444 2.569
2 2.571 2.445 2.566
3 2.554 2.132 2.708
4 2.565 2.112 2.698
4 3.306 1 3.302 3.082 3.281
2 3.317 3.072 3.280
3 3.401 2.707 3.449
4 3.424 2.697 3.430
5 3.753 1 3.769 3.540 3.728
2 3.780 3.535 3.731
3 3.697 3.136 3.913
4 3.714 3.077 3.881
6 6.555 1 6.805 6.018 6.551
2 6.883 5.994 6.552
3 5.455 5.458 7.108
4 5.133 5.459 6.858

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 16. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test A

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 21a.

5-34 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Attributes of this test are:

• Well established

• Repeated eigenvalues

• Effect of secondary restraints

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf021a.dat: linear (lumped mass)

• nf021ha.dat: parabolic (lumped mass)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:

• 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements — thickness = 1.0 m

• 16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 1.0 m

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-35

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

• Z = 0 along all four edges

• X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points

• Rx = 0 along edges X = 0 and X = 10 m

• Ry = 0 along edges Y = 0 and Y = 10 m

Solution Type

SOL103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

5-36 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 45.90 Linear 46.66 45.83 46.35
Parabolic 45.94 46.17 45.83
2, 3 109.4 Linear 115.8 110.6 114.1
Parabolic 110.4 110.3 109.4
4 167.9 Linear 177.5 164.8 174.3
Parabolic 170.4 167.3 169.8
5, 6 204.5 Linear 233.4 211.8 227.1
Parabolic 212.8 204.6 208.2
7, 8 256.5 Linear 283.6 250.5 276.9
Parabolic 270.0 249.3 268.4
9 336.6 Linear 371.1 313.1 364.3
Parabolic 344.8 311.4 319.4
10 336.6 Linear 371.1 338.4 385.8
Parabolic 344.8 347.6 319.4

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 21a. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Simply Supported Thick Square Plate, Test B

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 21b.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-37

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Attributes of this test are:

• Well established

• Repeated eigenvalues

• Effect of secondary restraints

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf021b_c.dat (quadrilateral thin shell elements — coupled mass)

• nf021b_l.dat (quadrilateral thin shell elements — lumped mass)

• nf021hb_c.dat (parabolic thin shell elements — coupled mass)

• nf021hb_l.dat (parabolic thin shell elements — lumped mass)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell elements — thickness = 1.0 m

• 16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements — thickness = 1.0 m

5-38 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions
• Z = 0 along all four edges; X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points

Solution Type
SOL103 — Normal Mode Dynamics
NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 45.90 Linear 44.75 44.65 44.96
Parabolic 44.13 44.82 44.49
2, 3 109.4 Linear \ 112.9 109.1 112.3
Parabolic 107.9 108.5 107.6
4 167.9 Linear 170.3 161.4 170.2
Parabolic 164.2 163.6 165.7
5, 6 204.5 Linear 230.2 210.5 225.4
Parabolic 20.07 203.1 206.5

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-39

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
7, 8 256.5 Linear 274.2 247.1 272.5
Parabolic 260.3 245.7 263.6
9 336.6 Linear 356.0 308.8 358.4
Parabolic 342.8 307.2 318.6
10 336.6 Linear 356.0 337.6 384.8
Parabolic 342.8 346.9 318.6

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 21b. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Clamped Thick Rhombic Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free thin square plate meshed with shell elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 22.

Attributes of this test are:

• Distorted elements

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• nf022l_l.dat

• nf022l_c.dat

• nf022h_l.dat

5-40 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• nf022h_c.dat

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements - thickness = 1.0 m

• 36 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements - thickness = 1.0 m

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points

• Z′ = Rx′ = Ry′ = 0 along all four edges

Solution Type
SOL 103 – Normal Mode Dynamics
NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (parm coupmass = –1)

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-41

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 134.0 Linear 137.8 131.2 134.3
Parabolic 133.9 134.9 135.2
2 201.4 Linear 218.5 200.4 211.9
Parabolic 203.3 204.4 206.3
3 265.8 Linear 295.4 262.0 286.6
Parabolic 271.4 270.3 276.4
4 282.7 Linear 296.8 273.6 287.0
Parabolic 283.7 286.9 289.1
5 334.5 Linear 383.6 327.0 373.3
Parabolic 346.4 337.5 353.8
6 Not available Linear 426.6 372.2 410.6
Parabolic 386.6 384.7 394.0

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N.
C.,Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 22. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov.,
1987.

Simply Supported Thick Annular Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported thick annular plate meshed
with shell elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 23.

5-42 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Attributes of this test are:

• Curved boundary (skewed coordinate system)

• Repeated eigenvalues

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
nf023l_l.dat
nf023l_c.dat
nf023h_l.dat
nf023h_c.dat

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 160 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements — thickness = 0.6 m

• 48 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.6 m

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-43

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

• X = Y = Rz = 0 at all grid points

• Z′ = Rx′ = 0 around the circumference

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmas = 1)

5-44 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass(Hz)
1 18.58 Linear 18.82 18.40 18.64
Parabolic 18.59 18.53 18.65
2, 3 48.92 Linear 49.82 50.00 50.81
Parabolic 49.02 49.22 49.41
4, 5 92.59 Linear 96.06 93.09 96.00
Parabolic 92.90 93.41 93.73
6 140.2 Linear 148.3 134.6 147.0
Parabolic 140.9 140.2 143.1
7, 8 Not available Linear 153.7 144.0 152.1
Parabolic 146.6 147.0 148.2
9 166.4 Linear 174.5 162.2 177.1
Parabolic 167.3 166.9 170.4

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 23. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Cantilevered Square Membrane

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered square membrane meshed with shell
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 31.

Attributes of this test are:

• Well established

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-45

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf031l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf031a.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass)

• nf031h.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf031j.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 64 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements - thickness = 0.05 m

• 16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements - thickness = 0.05 m

5-46 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

• X = Y = 0 along the Y axis

• Z = 0 at all grid points

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 52.40 Linear 52.91 52.48 52.78
Parabolic 52.64 52.30 52.60
2 125.7 Linear 126.1 125.6 126.1
Parabolic 125.9 125.7 125.9
3 140.8 Linear 143.2 139.6 142.9
Parabolic 141.5 139.5 141.4
4 222.5 Linear 228.9 215.1 227.5
Parabolic 224.6 214.4 224.3

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-47

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
5 241.4 Linear 247.9 240.1 247.4
Parabolic 243.3 242.3 242.9
6 255.7 Linear 260.6 252.4 259.8
Parabolic 256.8 254.6 256.6

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 31. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Cantilevered Tapered Membrane

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered tapered membrane meshed with shell
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 32.
Attributes of this test are:

• Shear behavior

• Irregular mesh

• Symmetry

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf032l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf032a.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass)

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• nf032h.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf032j.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 128 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUADR) elements — thickness = 0.1 m

• 32 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.1 m

Boundary Conditions
• X = Y = 0 along the Y axis

• Z = 0 at all grid points

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-49

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmas = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 44.62 Linear 44.91 44.66 44.78
Parabolic 44.64 44.54 44.63
2 130.0 Linear 132.1 130.3 131.8
Parabolic 130.1 129.7 130.1
3 162.7 Linear 162.8 162.6 162.8
Parabolic 162.7 162.7 162.7
4 246.1 Linear 253.0 246.1 252.3
Parabolic 246.6 245.1 246.4
5 379.9 Linear 393.3 377.9 393.2
Parabolic 382.0 377.9 381.4
6 391.4 Linear 396.3 389.7 395.0
Parabolic 391.6 390.9 391.5

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 32. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Free Annular Membrane

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free annular membrane meshed with shell elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 33.

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Attributes of this test are:

• Repeated eigenvalues

• Rigid body modes (three modes)

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf033l.dat (linear quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf033a.dat (linear quadrilateral, coupled mass)

• nf033h.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, lumped mass)

• nf033j.dat (parabolic quadrilateral, coupled mass)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-51

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 160 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements — thickness = 0.06 m

• 48 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.06 m

Boundary Conditions
• Z = 0 at all grid points

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics
NX Nastran results were obtained two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
4, 5 129.2 Linear 129.5 127.8 128.8
Parabolic 126.5 125.7 125.8
6 226.2 Linear 225.5 224.5 225.3
Parabolic 224.3 224.0 224.2
7, 8 234.7 Linear 234.9 229.9 234.9
Parabolic 233.0 230.8 233.0
9, 10 264.7 Linear 272.1 264.3 271.2
Parabolic 264.8 262.6 263.6
11, 12 336.6 Linear 340.3 329.0 339.9
Parabolic 335.7 331.5 335.7
13, 14 376.8 Linear 392.0 369.9 390.5
Parabolic 378.6 373.3 377.4

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 33. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Cantilevered Thin Square Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered thin square plate meshed with shell
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMSSelected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 73.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-53

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• nf073a.dat (Test 1)

• nf073b.dat (Test 2)

• nf073c.dat (Test 3)

• nf073d.dat (Test 4)

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

16 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements — thickness = 0.05 m

Boundary Conditions
X = Y = Z = Ry = 0 along the Y axis

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 0.4210 Test 1 0.4174 0.4154 0.4183
Test 2 0.4174 0.4154 0.4183
Test 3 0.4175 0.4154 0.4184
Test 4 0.4184 0.4161 0.4192
2 1.029 Test 1 1.020 1.051 1.023
Test 2 1.020 1.006 1.023
Test 3 1.021 1.007 1.027
Test 4 1.032 1.015 1.024
3 2.582 Test 1 2.564 2.485 2.579
Test 2 2.597 2.509 2.605
Test 3 2.677 2.524 2.675
Test 4 2.850 2.563 2.672
4 3.306 Test 1 3.302 3.150 3.298
Test 2 3.345 3.180 3.332
Test 3 3.365 3.196 3.344
Test 4 3.571 3.373 3.535
5 3.753 Test 1 3.769 3.622 3.765
Test 2 3.888 3.713 3.862
Test 3 4.035 3.828 4.000
Test 4 5.466 4.935 5.360

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-55

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Mode Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result Result
(Hz) (lumped (coupled
mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
6 376.8 Test 1 6.805 6.292 6.719
Test 2 7.517 6.901 7.399
Test 3 7.495 6.879 7.387
Test 4 —— —— ——

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 73. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

5.4 Axisymmetric Solid and Solid Element Test Cases

Free Cylinder — Axisymmetric Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a free cylinder meshed with axisymmetric elements.
This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for Natural
Frequency Analysis, Test 41.

Attributes of this test are:

• Rigid body modes (one mode)

• Coupling between axial, radial, and circumferential behavior

• Close eigenvalues

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf041.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass)

• nf041a.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass)

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• nf041h.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass)

• nf041j.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg / m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 16 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements

• 8 axisymmetric solid parabolic quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements

Boundary Conditions

Unsupported

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-57

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Results

Mode # Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result (lumped Result (coupled
(Hz) mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
2 243.5 Linear 244.0 243.1 243.9
Parabolic 243.5 243.4 243.5
3 377.4 Linear 379.4 372.1 378.4
Parabolic 377.5 376.4 377.4
4 394.1 Linear 395.4 385.8 394.4
Parabolic 394.3 392.4 394.2
5 397.7 Linear 401.4 386.9 398.5
Parabolic 397.9 392.8 397.9
6 405.3 Linear 421.9 391.7 415.4
Parabolic 406.4 397.2 406.0

Note

The reference value refers to the accepted solution to the problem.

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 41. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Thick Hollow Sphere — Uniform Radial Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a thick hollow sphere meshed using axisymmetric
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 42.

Attributes of this test are:

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• Curved boundary (skewed coordinate system)

• Constraint equations

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf042.dat (linear axisymmetric, lumped mass)

• nf042a.dat (linear axisymmetric, coupled mass)

• nf042h.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, lumped mass)

• nf042j.dat (parabolic axisymmetric, coupled mass)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

• 10 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements -α = 5°

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-59

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions
• Z′ displacement = 0 at all grid points

• Grid points at the same R′ are constrained to have the same r′ displacement

• One constraint set

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics
NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode # Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result (lumped Result (coupled
(Hz) mass) (Hz) mass) (Hz)
1 369.9 Linear 370.6 369.3 369.6
Parabolic 370.0 369.7 369.7
2 838.0 Linear 841.2 828.1 837.7
Parabolic 838.1 836.2 837.7
3 1451. Linear 1473. 1416. 1468.
Parabolic 1453. 1445. 1451.
4 2117. Linear 2192. 2023. 2186.
Parabolic 2132. 2100. 2117.
5 2796. Linear 2976. 2595. 2967.
Parabolic 2853. 2764. 2799.

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Note

The reference value refers to the accepted solution to the problem.

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 42. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Simply Supported Annular Plate — Axisymmetric Vibration

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported annular plate meshed with
axisymmetric elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected
Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 43.

Attributes of this test are:

• Well established

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf043a.dat (lumped mass)

• nf043b.dat (coupled mass)

• nf043c.dat (lumped mass)

• nf043d.dat (coupled mass)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-61

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Finite Element Modeling

Two tests:
• 60 axisymmetric solid linear quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements

• 5 axisymmetric solid parabolic quadrilateral (CQUADX) elements

Boundary Conditions
• Z = 0 at A

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics
NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode # Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result (lumped Result
(Hz) mass) (Hz) (coupled mass)
(Hz)
1 18.54 Linear 18.71 18.23 18.27
Parabolic 18.58 18.48 18.55
2 150.2 Linear 145.5 140.9 142.6
Parabolic 145.6 135.9 138.6

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Mode # Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result (lumped Result
(Hz) mass) (Hz) (coupled mass)
(Hz)
3 224.2 Linear 224.2 224.2 224.2
Parabolic 224.2 224.1 224.2
4 358.3 Linear 385.6 366.3 376.5
Parabolic 374.1 345.3 360.3
5 629.2 Linear 689.3 647.7 677.8
Parabolic 686.0 592.7 640.2

Note

The reference value refers to the accepted solution to the problem.

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 43. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Deep Simply Supported "Solid" Beam

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a deep, simply supported beam meshed with solid
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis , Test 51.

Attributes of this test are:

• Skewed coordinate system

• Skewed restraints

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-63

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf051a.dat (linear brick)

• nf051b.dat (parabolic brick)

• nf051c.dat (linear pyramid)

• nf051d.dat (parabolic pyramid)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Four tests:

• 30 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements

• 5 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements

• 180 solid linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each linear brick element
into 6 pyramid elements)

• 30 solid parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each parabolic brick element
into 6 pyramid elements)

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

• X′ = Z′ = 0 along AA′

• Z′ = 0 along BB′

• Y′ = 0 at all grid points on the plane Y′ = 2.0 m

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

NX Nastran results were obtained two different ways:

• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode # Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result (lumped Result
(Hz) mass) (Hz) (coupled mass)
(Hz)
1 38.20 linear brick 42.88 37.96 38.28
linear pyramid 41.30 41.50
parabolic brick 38.82 37.85 38.24
parabolic 37.90 38.10
pyramid

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-65

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Mode # Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran

Value (Hz) Target Value Result (lumped Result
(Hz) mass) (Hz) (coupled mass)
(Hz)
2 85.21 linear brick 93.82 83.38 83.95
linear pyramid 89.30 89.60
parabolic brick 88.45 87.12 87.52
parabolic 86.30 86.50
pyramid
3 152.2 linear brick 170.7 152.7 157.6
linear pyramid 163.0 166.0
parabolic brick 159.4 151.8 157.0
parabolic 152.0 155.0
pyramid
4 245.5 linear brick 286.1 251.6 264.9
linear pyramid 269.0 276.0
parabolic brick 259.2 248.5 258.2
parabolic 250.0 255.0
pyramid
5 297.1 linear brick 318.9 288.0 298.3
linear pyramid 303.0 309.0
parabolic brick 307.9 289.6 305.6
parabolic 291.0 300.0
pyramid

Note

The reference value refers to the accepted solution to the problem.

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.,
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis Test No. 51. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Simply Supported "Solid" Square Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported square plate meshed with solid
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 52.

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Attributes of this test are:

• Well established

• Rigid body modes (three modes)

• Kinematically incomplete suppressions

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf052l.dat (linear brick)

• nf052b.dat (parabolic brick)

• nf052c.dat (linear pyramid)

• nf052d.dat (parabolic pyramid)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-67

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Finite Element Modeling

Four tests:
• 64 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements

• 16 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements

• 384 solid linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each linear brick element
into 6 pyramid elements)

• 96 solid parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each parabolic brick element
into 6 pyramid elements)

Boundary Conditions

Z = 0 along the four edges on the plane Z = –0.5 m

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Solution Type

SOL 103 normal modes

NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

Results

Mode # Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran Result

Value Target Value Result (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz) (lumped mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
4 45.90 linear brick 51.65 44.04 45.24
linear pyramid 66.90 68.00
parabolic brick 44.76 43.81 44.16
parabolic 44.70 44.80
pyramid
5, 6 109.4 linear brick 132.7 106.5 113.7
linear pyramid 154.0 160.0
parabolic brick 110.5 105.2 107.9
parabolic 109.0 110.0
pyramid
7 167.9 linear brick 194.4 155.5 172.3
linear pyramid 195.0 197.0
parabolic brick 169.1 156.3 163.9
parabolic 166.0 169.0
pyramid
8 193.6 linear brick 197.2 193.6 196.8
linear pyramid 207.0 212.0
parabolic brick 193.9 194.0 193.9
parabolic 194.0 194.0
pyramid

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-69

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Mode # Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran Result

Value Target Value Result (coupled mass)
(Hz) (Hz) (lumped mass) (Hz)
(Hz)
9 206.2 linear brick 210.6 200.1 209.6
linear pyramid 207.0 212.0
parabolic brick 206.6 193.5 206.6
parabolic 196.0 207.0
pyramid
10 206.2 linear brick 210.6 200.1 209.6
linear pyramid 220.0 223.0
parabolic brick 206.6 193.5 206.6
parabolic 196.0 207.0
pyramid

Note

The reference value refers to the accepted solution to the problem.

References
NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 52. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

Simply Supported "Solid" Annular Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a simply supported annular plate meshed with solid
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 53.

Attributes of this test are:

• Curved boundary (skewed coordinate system)

• Constraint equations

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf053l.dat (linear brick)

• nf053h.dat (parabolic brick)

• nf053c.dat (linear pyramid)

• nf053d.dat (parabolic pyramid)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Four tests:
• 60 solid linear brick (CHEXA) elements — α = 5°

• 5 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements — α = 10°

• 360 solid linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each linear brick element
into 6 pyramid elements)

• 30 solid parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each parabolic brick element
into 6 pyramid elements)

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-71

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

• θ displacement = 0 at all grid points

• Z displacement = 0 at all grid points along AA

• Grid points at same R and Z are constrained to have same z displacement

• One constraint set

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Results

Mode # Reference Mesh NAFEMS NX Nastran NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Target Value Result (coupled mass) (Hz)
(Hz) (lumped
mass) (Hz)
1 18.58 linear brick 19.66 18.57 18.61
linear pyramid 19.90 19.90
parabolic brick 18.58 18.45 18.58
parabolic 21.30 21.50
pyramid
2 140.2 linear brick 146.4 138.8 140.5
linear pyramid 147.0 148.0
parabolic brick 140.4 135.9 140.3
parabolic 140.0 143.0
pyramid
3 224.2 linear brick 224.3 224.2 224.4
linear pyramid 224.0 224.0
parabolic brick 224.2 223.7 224.2
parabolic 224.0 225.0
pyramid
4 358.3 linear brick 386.7 361.8 372.1
linear pyramid 383.0 390.0
parabolic brick 374.0 351.2 371.9
parabolic 359.0 376.0
pyramid
5 629.2 linear brick 689.5 643.8 674.7
linear pyramid 684.0 690.0
parabolic brick 686.0 624.7 679.6
parabolic 640.0 683.0
pyramid

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 53. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-73

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Cantilevered Solid Beam

This test is a normal mode dynamic analysis of a cantilevered solid beam meshed using solid
elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS Selected Benchmarks for
Natural Frequency Analysis, Test 72.

Attributes of this test are:

• Highly populated stiffness matrix

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• nf072a.dat (parabolic bricks – conventional)

• nf072b.dat (parabolic bricks – unconventional)

• nf072c.dat (parabolic pyramids – conventional)

• nf072d.dat (parabolic pyramids – unconventional)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 200E09 N/m2

• ρ = 8000 kg/m3

• ν=3

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Finite Element Modeling

Four tests:
• Test 1: solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements, conventional grid point numbering

• Test 2: solid parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each brick element into
6 pyramid elements), conventional grid point numbering

• Test 3: solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements, unconventional grid point numbering

• Test 4: solid parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements (created by dividing each brick element into
6 pyramid elements), unconventional grid point numbering

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 5-75

 Chapter
Chapter 5: 5: Normal
Normal
ModeMode Dynamics
Dynamics Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

• X = Y = Z = 0 at all grid points on X = 0 plane

• Y = 0 at grid points on Y = 1 m plane

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

NX Nastran results were obtained in two different ways:
• Using lumped mass (param coupmass = –1)

• Using coupled mass (param coupmass = 1)

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 Normal Mode Dynamics Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Results

Mode # Mesh NAFEMS Target NX Nastran NX Nastran Result

Value (Hz) Result (lumped (coupled mass)
mass) (Hz) (Hz)
1 Test 1 16.01 15.82 15.99
Test 2 15.90 16.00
Test 3 16.01 15.82 15.99
Test 4 15.90 16.00
2 Test 1 87.23 83.18 87.09
Test 2 84.30 87.00
Test 3 87.23 83.18 87.09
Test 4 84.30 87.00
3 Test 1 126.0 125.5 126.0
Test 2 126.0 126.0
Test 3 126.0 125.5 126.0
Test 4 126.0 126.0
4 Test 1 209.6 193.5 209.1
Test 2 198.0 209.0
Test 3 209.6 193.5 209.1
Test 4 198.0 209.0
5 Test 1 351.1 310.1 349.9
Test 2 323.0 350.0
Test 3 351.1 310.1 349.9
Test 4 323.0 350.0
6 Test 1 375.8 364.2 375.8
Test 2 367.0 375.0
Test 3 375.8 364.2 375.8
Test 4 367.0 375.0

References

NAFEMS Finite Element Methods & Standards, Abbassian, F., Dawswell, D. J., and Knowles, N. C.
Selected Benchmarks for Natural Frequency Analysis, Test No. 72. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Nov., 1987.

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6.1 Overview of Verification Test Cases Provided by the Societe

Francaise des Mecaniciens
The purpose of these linear statics test cases is to verify the function of NX Nastran using standard
benchmarks published by SFM (Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Paris, France) in Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Included here are:
• Tests cases on mechanical structures using linear statics analysis, normal mode dynamics
analysis, and model response.

• Stationary thermal test cases using heat transfer analysis.

• Thermo-mechanical test cases using linear statics analysis.

Results published in Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures are compared with
those computed using NX Nastran.

Understanding the Test Case Format

Each test case is structured with the following information.
• Test case data and information:
o Input files

o Units

o Material properties

o Finite element modeling information

o Boundary conditions (loads and restraints)

o Solution type

• Results

• Reference

Reference
The following reference has been used in these test cases:

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 6-1

 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990.

6.2 Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Beam or

Rod Elements

Short Beam on Two Articulated Supports

This test is a linear statics analysis of a short, straight beam with plane bending and shear loading.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL02/89 from Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures.

• Area = 31E–04 m2

• Inertia = 2810E–08 m4

• Shear area ratio = 2.42

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

ssll02.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2E11 Pa

• ν = 0.3

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 Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

• 10 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 11 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
• Restrain both free ends of the beam in translation DOF.
o Edge load = 1E05 N/m in –Y direction

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Bench Value NX Nastran

Displacement at point B v (m) (Grid point 7) –1.259E–3 –1.249E–3

References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLL02/89.

Clamped Beams Linked by a Rigid Element

This test is a linear statics analysis of a straight, cantilever beam with plane bending and a rigid
element. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL05/89 from Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

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 Chapter
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Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Test Case Data and Information

Input File

ssll05.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2E11 Pa

• I = (4/3)E–08 m4

Finite Element Modeling

• 20 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 1 rigid element

• 26 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• Points A and C: Clamped

• Point D: Set nodal force = 1000 N in –Y direction

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

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 Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

Results

Type Grid point Point Bench NX Nastran

Value
v (m) Disp. Y Grid point 6 B –0.1250 –0.1250
v (m) Disp. Y Grid point 3 D –0.1250 –0.1250
V force (N) Y Grid point 1 A 500.0 500.0
M moment (Nm) Rz Grid point 1 A 500.0 500.0
V force (N) Y Grid point 4 C 500.0 500.0
M moment (Nm) Rz Grid point 4 C 500.0 500.0

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990 Test No. SSLL05/89.

Transverse Bending of a Curved Pipe

This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a curved pipe with transverse
bending and bending-torque loading. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test
SSLL07/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

• R=1m

• de = 0.02 m

• di = 0.016 m

• A = 1.131E-0–04 m2

• Ix = 4.637E–09 m4

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 Chapter
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Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• ssll07a.dat linear beam

• ssll07b.dat curved beam

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2E11 Pa

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1

• 90 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 91 grid points

Test 2

• 90 curved beam (CBEND) elements

• 91 grid points

To obtain the point where θ = 15° with accuracy, use surface mapped meshing on 1/4 of a cylinder.
Then mesh a curved edge with the Surface Coating command and undo the mesh on the surface.

The mesh for Test 1 is shown in the following figure:

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 Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions

• Clamp point A.

• Grid point force F = 100 N in Z direction.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Type Grid point Point Bench Test NX Nastran

Value Number
u (m) Disp. Z Grid point 1 B 0.1346 1 0.1346

2 0.1346
Mt (Nm)* Grid point 1 θ = 15° 74.12 1 76.67
2 77.51
Mf (Nm) –96.59 1 –96.37
2 –95.70

Mf = bending moment
Mt = torsional moment
*See "Post Processing" below.

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Chapter 6: 6: Verification
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Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Post Processing

Linear Beam (CBAR) Elements

List beam forces on element 167, second end:

• Mf = torque

• Mt = bending moment

Curved Beam (CBEND) Elements

List beam forces on element 166, second end:

• Mf = torque

• Mt = bending moment

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990.Test No. SSLL07/89..

Plane Bending Load on a Thin Arch

This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a thin arc with plane bending. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLL08/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

• R=1m

• de = 0.02 m

• di = 0.016 m

• A = 1.131E–04 m2

• Ix 4.637E–09 m4

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 Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

Test Case Data and Information

Input File

ssll08.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2E11 Pa

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

• 10 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 11 grid points

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Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions

• Point A: Articulated Z

• Point B: Sets Y and Z displacement to 0

• Force = 100N in –Y direction

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Type Grid Point Point Bench Value NX Nastran

Rz (rad) 2 A –3.077E–2 –3.110E–2
Rz (rad) 1 B 3.077E–2 3.110E–2
Y (m) 7 C -1.921E–2 –1.934E–2
X (m) 1 B 5.391E-2 5.374E–2

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLL08/89.

Grid Point Load on an Articulated CONROD Truss

This test is a linear statics analysis of a plane truss with an articulated rod. It provides the input data
and results for benchmark test SSLL11/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.

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Test Case Data and Information

Input File

ssll11.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 1.962E11 Pa

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 Chapter
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Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

• 4 rod (CONROD) elements

• 4 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Element Length (m) Area (m2)

AC 2.000E–4

CB 2.000E–4

CD 1.000E–4

BD 1.000E–4

Boundary Conditions

• Point A and B: Articulated

• Point D: Set Nodal force = 9.81 E3 N in –Y direction

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

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 Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

Results

Type Grid Point Point Bench Value NX Nastran

X (m) 18.00 C 0.2652E–3 0.2652E–3
Y (m) 18.00 C 0.08839E–3 0.08839E–3
X (m) 2.000 D 3.479E–3 3.479E–3
Y (m) 2.000 D –5.601E–3 –5.600E–3

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.
(Paris, Afnor Technique, 1990..) Test No. SSLL11/89.

Articulated Plane Truss

This test is a linear statics analysis of a straight cantilever beam with plane bending and
tension-compression. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL14/89 from Guide
de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

• I1 = 5E–04 m4

• I2 = 2.5E–04 m4

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 Chapter
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Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• ssll14a.dat (4 elements)

• ssll14b.dat (10 elements)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.1E11 Pa

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 4 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 5 grid points

Test 2
• 10 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 11 grid points

The mesh for Test 2 is shown in the following figure:

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 Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions

• Point A and B: Articulate

• Set forces and moments to the following numeric values:

o p = –3,000 N/m

o F1 = –20,000 N

o F2 = –10,000 N

o M = –100,000 Nm

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Type Grid Point Point Bench Value Test NX Nastran

Number
Vertical reaction 1.000 A 3.150E4 1 3.150E4
(N)
2 3.320E4
Hortizontal 1.000 A 2.024E4 1 1.920E4
reaction (N)
2 2.061E4
Vertical 8.000 C 0.03072 1 –0.02100
Displacement (m)
2 –0.03161

Note

NX Nastran takes shear effect into account.

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 Chapter
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Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLL14/89.

Beam on an Elastic Foundation

This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a straight beam with plane bending and an
elastic support. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLL16/89 from Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input File

ssll16.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.1E11 Pa

• K = 8.4E05 N/m2

• Each spring stiffness is set to: K * L/(number of spring elements).

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 Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

• 50 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 49 spring (CBUSH) elements

• 51 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions
• Point A and B: Articulated

• Set forces and moments to the following numeric values:

–F = –10000 N
–p = –5000 N/m
–M = 15000 Nm.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Type Point Bench Value NX Nastran

Rotation(rad) Rz A —0.003050 –0.003034
Vertical Reaction force (N) 1.167E4 1.158E4
Vertical Disp. (m) D –0.4233E–2 –0.4216E–2

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 Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

Type Point Bench Value NX Nastran

M moment (Nm)* 3.384E4 3.369E4

*List beam forces on element 26, first end, z bending moment.

References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLL16/89.

6.3 Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Shell

Elements

Plane Shear and Bending Load on a Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a plate with plane bending. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLP01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

• Thickness = 1 mm

Test Case Data and Information

Input File
sslp01.dat

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 3E10 Pa

• ν = 0.25

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

• 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 126 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• Clamped Plate

• Set a shear force with parabolic distribution on width and constant distribution on thickness.

• Resultant force: p = 40 N.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Type Grid point # Location Bench Value NX Nastran

Y (mm) Grid point 3 (L,y) 0.3413 0.3408

Displacement is shown in the following figure:

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 Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990 Test No. SSLP01/89.

Infinite Plate with a Circular Hole

This test is a linear statics analysis (plane problem) of a plate with tension-compression and a
membrane effect. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLP02/89 from Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Test Case Data and Information

Input File

sslp02.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 3E10 Pa

• ν = 0.25

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 Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

• 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 121 grid points

The plate is meshed using the biasing option.

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• u (0,y) = 0, Ry (y) = 0, Rz (y) = 0, (z = 0, all grid points)

• ν (x,0) = 0, Rx (x) = 0, Rz (x) = 0

• Tension force P = 2.5 N/mm**2 (in plane force of 2500 N/m)

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

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 Chapter
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Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Type Point Bench Value NX Nastran

σθθ (a, 0) 7.500E7 7.528E7
σθθ (a, π/4) 2.500E7 2.511E7
σθθ (a, π/2) –2.500E7 –2.452E7

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLP02/89.

Uniformly Distributed Load on a Circular Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a circular plate fixed at the edge
with transverse bending and a uniform load. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test
SSLS03/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• ssls03a.dat linear quadrilateral

• ssls03b.dat linear triangle

Units

SI

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 Verification Test Cases from the Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens

Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 38 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 50 grid points

Test 2
• 53 linear triangular thin shell (CTRIA3) elements

• 38 grid points

Meshing is only done on 1/4 of the plate.

The meshes are shown in the following figure:

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 Chapter
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Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions

• Clamp free edges.

• Uniform pressure p = –1000 Pa.

• Symmetric conditions are applied to the sides.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Grid Point Point Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

Z 1.000 Center O –0.006500 1 –0.006600
w (m) 1.000 2 –0.006500

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS03/89.

Torque Loading on a Square Tube

This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a thin-walled tube loaded in torsion
by pure shear at the free end. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS05/89
from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

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Test Case Data and Information

Input File
ssls05.dat

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

• 160 CQUAD4 elements

• 219 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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 Chapter
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Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions

• Plane X = 0

• Clamped beam

• Apply a torque equal to 10 Nm on the free end.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Grid Point Bench Value NX Nastran

Disp. Y (m) 193.0 –6.170E–7 .6.170E–7
Disp. Rx (rad) 1.230E–5 1.230E–5
Stress XY Shear (Pa) –11.00E4 –11.00E4
Disp. Y (m) 208.0 –9.870E–7 –9.870E–7
Disp. Rx (rad) 1.970E–5 1.970E–5
Stress XY Shear (Pa) –11.00E4 –11.00E4

Results are post-processed using the Shell surface: Bottom option.

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS05/89.

Cylindrical Shell with Internal Pressure

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by internal pressure. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLS06/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

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Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• ssls06a.dat

• ssls06b.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

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Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

The meshes are shown in the following figure:

Test 1
• 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 121 grid points

Test 2
• 400 liinear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 441 grid points

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Boundary Conditions

• Free conditions:

To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XZ, XY, and YZ planes.

• Internal pressure = 10000 Pa.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Type Point Bench Value Test NX Nastran

Number
σ11(Pa) All 0 1 1.720
2 4.960
σ22(Pa) 5.000E5 1 4.950E5
2 4.990E5
ΔR(m) 2.380E–6 1 2.370E–6
2 2.380E–6
ΔL(m) –1.430E–6 1 –1.420E–6
2 –1.430E–6

All results are averages.

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des Mecaniciens

Post Processing

• σ11 is the stress of z at grid point 11 (test 1) and grid point 21 (test 2)

• σ22 is the stress of x at grid point 111 (test 1) and grid point 421 (test 2)

• ΔR(m) is the displacement of x at grid point 121 (test 1) and grid point 441 (test 2)

• ΔL(m) is the displacement of z at grid point 121 (test 1) and grid point 441 (test 2)

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS06/89.

Uniform Axial Load on a Thin Wall Cylinder

This test is a linear static analysis of a thin cylinder loaded axially. It provides the input data and
results for benchmark test SSLS07/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• ssls07a.dat – parabolic quadrilateral, thin shell

• ssls07b.dat – parabolic triangle, thin shell

Units

SI

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Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 200 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements

• 661 grid points

Test 2
• 400 parabolic triangular thin shell (CTRIA6) elements

The meshes are shown in the following figure:

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Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions
• Axial displacement = 0 in. X = 0 section

• Uniform axial load q = 10000 N/m

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Sstatics

Results

Type Point Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

σ11(Pa) Any 5.000E5 1 5.000E5
2 5.790E5
σ22(Pa) Any 0 1 0
2 3.080E4
ΔL(m) Any 9.520E–6 1 9.520E–6
2 9.560E–6
ΔR (m) Any –7.140E–7 1 –7.140E-7
2 –7.330E–7

All results are averages.

Post Processing
• σ11 is the stress of z at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2.

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• σ22 is the stress of y at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2.

• ΔR is the displacement of x at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2.

• ΔL is the displacement of z at grid point 641 in coordinate system 2.

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS07/89.

Hydrostatic Pressure on a Thin Wall Cylinder

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by hydrostatic pressure. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLS08/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input File

ssls08.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

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des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

• 200 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements

• 661 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions

• Restrain the grid points on side A (from grid point 21 to grid point 661) in the X translation and
the Y and Z rotations.

• Restrain the grid points on side B (from grid point 1 to grid point 641) in the Y translation and X
and Z rotations.

• Internal pressure p = p0 * Z/L with p0 = 20000 Pa.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Type Grid Point Point Bench Value NX Nastran

σ11(Pa) 321.0 Any 0 8.800E3
L/2σ22 (Pa) 321.0 x = L/2 5.000E5 4.970E5
ΔR (m) 321.0 x = L/2 2.380E–6 2.380E–6
ΔL (m) 1.000 x=L –2.860E–6 2.860E–6
Ψ (rad) 321.0 1.190E–6 1.190E–6

Ψ represents the rotation of a generator.

Post Processing

• σ11is the stress of z at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

• σ22 is the stress of y at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2

• ΔR is the displacement of x at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2

• ΔL is the displacement of z at grid point 1 in coordinate system 2

• Ψ is the rotation of y at grid point 321 in coordinate system 2

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS08/89.

Gravity Loading on a Thin Wall Cylinder

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin cylinder loaded by its own weight. It provides the input
data and results for benchmark test SSLS09/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• ssls09a.dat linear quadrilateral, thin shell

• ssls09b.dat axisymmetric

Units

SI

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Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• γ = 7.85 x 104 N/m3

• Mass = 8002 kg/m3

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 65 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 84 grid points

Test 2
• 20 linear axisymmetric (CCONEAX) elements

• 21 grid points

The meshes are shown in the following figure:

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Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions

• Axial displacement = 0 m at the z = 0 section.

• Gravity loading; gravity acts in the z-direction.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Type Test Axial Grid Point ID Bench NX Nastran

Number Location Value Value(1)
σ22 (Pa) 1 z = fixed end 2 0 –1.570E3
2 2 1.244E2
σ11 (Pa) 1 z = fixed end 2 3.140E5 3.022E5
2 2 3.061E5
Δz (m) 1 z = free end 1 2.990E–6 2.990E–6
2 1 –2.990E–6
ΔR (m) 1 z = fixed end 2 –4.490E–7 –4.392E–7
2 2 –4.479E–7
Ψ (rad) 1 z = middle 10 1.120E–7 1.121E–7
2 12 –1.118E–7
(1)In the Test Number 1 model, gravity acts in the +z-direction, the fixed end of the cylinder is at z
= 0, and the free end of the cylinder is at z = +4. In the Test Number 2 model, gravity acts in the
-z-direction, the fixed end of the cylinder is at z = +2, and the free end of the cylinder is at z = -2.
These differences give rise to different signs for the Δz and Ψ results.

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Post Processing
Test 1
• σ11 is the stress of z at grid point 2 in coordinate system 2

• σ22is the stress of x at grid point 2 in coordinate system 2

• Δz is the displacement of z at grid point 1 in coordinate system 2

• ΔR is the displacement of x at grid point 2 in coordinate system 2

• Ψ is the rotation of y at grid point 10 in coordinate system 2

References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS09/89.

Pinched Cylindrical Shell

This test is a linear statics analysis of a cylindrical shell with grid point forces, F, pinching as shown.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS20/89 from Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• ssls20a.dat linear triangle thin shells

• ssls20b.dat linear quadrilateral thin shells

Units
SI

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Material Properties

• E = 10.5 x 106 Pa

• ν = 0.3125

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 296 linear triangular thin shell (CTRIA3) elements

• 173 grid points

Test 2
• 140 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 165 grid points

The meshes are shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions

• Free conditions
To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XY, XZ, and YZ planes.

• Grid point forces Fy = –25 N at point D

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Type Point Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

Disp. Y (Grid point 3) ν(m) D –113.9E-3 1 –114.4E–3
Disp. Y (Grid point 3) 2 –113.3E–3

Post Processing

• ν(m) is the displacement of y at grid point 3 (quadrilateral).

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS020/89.

Spherical Shell with a Hole

This test is a linear statics analysis of a spherical shell with a hole with grid point forces. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS21/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

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Test Cases from from the Societe
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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• ssls21a.dat – linear quadrilateral thing shells

• ssls21b.dat – linear triangle thin shells

• ssls21c – parabolic quadrilateral thin shells

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 6.285 x 107 Pa

• ν = 0.3

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Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 121 grid points

Test 2
• 200 linear triangular thin shell (CTRIA3) elements

• 121 grid points

Test 3
• 100 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements

• 441 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions

• Free conditions
To set free boundary conditions, use symmetry about XY and YZ planes.

• Grid point forces F = 2 Newtons

Due to the symmetric boundary conditions, only half of the load is applied.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result Point Bench Test NX Nastran

Value Number
u (m) grid point 111 A(R,0,0) 9.400E–2 1 102.0E–3
Grid point 111 2 102.1E–3
Grid point 421 3 100.9E–3

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS021/89.

Bending Load on a Cylindrical Shell

This test is a linear statics analysis of a cylindrical shell with bending and membrane effect. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS23/89 from Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures.

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Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• ssls23a.dat (Test 1, linear)

• ssls23b.dat (Test 2, parabolic)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

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Chapter 6: 6: Verification
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Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 60 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 78 grid points

Test 2
• 60 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements

• 215 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• AB side: Clamped in local system coordinates.

• AD and BC sides: Restrain Z translation, θx and θy.

• DC side: Set bending moment CZ to 1000 Nm/m. Set in plane force to 0.6E6 N/m.

• ABCD surface: Set internal pressure to 0.6E06 N/m**2.

• AD and DC sides are restrained in the global coordinate system.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

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Results

Use coordinate system 3 (the cylindrical coordinate system) to display the results.
Results are post-processed using the Shell surface middle option.

Result Point Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

Grid point 35 E 60.00 MPa 1 60.70
Grid point 93 2 59.60

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS023/89.

Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis of a plate with pressure loading and simple supports. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS24/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• ssls24a.dat (Test 1, coarse mesh)

• ssls24b.dat (Test 2, fine mesh)

• ssls24c.dat (Test 3, very fine mesh)

Units

SI

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des Mecaniciens

Material Properties

• E = 1.0 x 107 Pa

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1 — a/b = 1
• 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 121 grid points

Test 2 — a/b = 2
• 200 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 231 grid points

Test 3 — a/b = 5
• 500 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 561 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions
Restraints
• All edges: w = 0

• One corner fixed

Loads
• Set pressure = 1 N/m**2 in the –Z direction

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Result a/b Parameters Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

61z direction 1.000 1.000α 0.004440 1 0.004500
116z direction 2.000 2.000α 0.01110 2 0.01110
281z direction 5.000 5.000α 0.01417 3 0.01406
61x component top 1.000 1.000β 2874. 1 2867.
surface
116x component top 2.000 2.000β 6102. 2 6034.
surface

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Result a/b Parameters Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

281x component top 5.000 5.000β 7476. 3 7331.
surface

Where:
q = distributed load

b = dimension

t = thickness

E = elastic modules

β values of reference from the Guide de Validation are incorrect. The correct values are extracted
from Formulas for Stress and Strain (Roark/Young).
Note

Note that the shell top surface corresponds to the side of the plate with negative global
Z coordinates.

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS024/89.

Uniformly Distributed Load on a Simply-Supported Rhomboid Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a plate with pressure and
transverse bending. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SSLS25/89 from Guide
de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

• Thickness = 0.01 m

• b = 1.0 m

• a = 2.0 m

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Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• ssls25a.dat (Test 1)

• ssls25b.dat (Test 2)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 36.0 x 106 Pa

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

• a/b = 2

• Linear quadratic thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

Test 1
• θ = 30°

Test 2
• θ = 45°

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions

• All edges: w = 0, one corner fixed

• Pressure = 1 N/m2 in the –Z direction

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Parameter Test Case Bench Value NX Nastran

α Test 1 z displacement 116z displacement
ssls25a –3.277E–3 m –2.963E–3 m
β Y stress 116y stress
–5.700E3 N/m2 –5.831E3 N/m2
α Test 2 z displacement 116z displacement
ssls25b –3.000E-3 m –2.720E–3 m
β Y stress 116Y stress
–5.390E3 N/m2 –5.441E3 N/m2

Where:
q = distributed load

b = dimension

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t = thickness

E = elastic modulus

Values of reference from the Guide de validation are incorrect. The correct values are extracted from
Formulas for Stress and Strain (Roark/Young), table 26, case number 14a.

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS025/89.

Shear Loading on a Plate

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thin plate with torque and shear loading. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLS27/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• ssls27a.dat (Test 1, Mindlin)

• ssls27b.dat (Test 2, Kirchoff)

• ssls27c.dat (Test 3, Mindlin)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 1.0 x 107 Pa

• ν = 0.25

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1 — Mindlin

• 6 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 14 grid points

Test 2 — Kirchhoff

• 6 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 14 grid points

Test 3 — Mindlin

• 48 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 75 grid points

The meshes are shown in the following figure:

All tests are executed with mapped meshing

Boundary Conditions

• Clamp AD side

• Point B: grid point force Fz = –1N

• Point C: grid point force –Fz = 1N

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

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Results at Location C

Displacement at Grid Bench Value Test Number NX Nastran

point
14.00 3.537E–2 1 3.585E–2
14.00 3.537E–2 2 3.573E–2
75.00 3.537E–2 3 3.603E–2

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLS027/89.

6.4 Mechanical Structures — Linear Statics Analysis with Solid

Elements

Solid Cylinder in Pure Tension

This test is a linear statics analysis of a solid cylinder with tension-compression. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SSLV01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

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Test Cases from from the Societe
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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• sslv01a.dat (Test 1)

• sslv01b.dat (Test 2)

• sslv01c.dat (Test 3)

• sslv01d.dat (Test 4)

• sslv01e.dat (Test 5)

• sslv01f.dat (Test 6)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.0 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.30

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Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 155 parabolic tetrahedron (CTETRA) elements

• 342 grid points

Test 2
• 144 linear brick (CHEXA) elements & 48 linear solid wedge (CPENTA) elements

• 307 grid points

Test 3 (Results for this test will be provided in the NX Nastran 7 Verification Manual)
• 48 linear quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements

• 65 grid points

Test 4 (Results for this test will be provided in the NX Nastran 7 Verification Manual)
• 96 linear triangular axisymmetric solid elements

• 65 grid points

Test 5 (Results for this test will be provided in the NX Nastran 7 Verification Manual)
• 18 parabolic quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements

• 95 grid points

Test 6
• 864 linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 2 into 6
pyramid elements. 48 linear wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

The meshes are shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions
• Uniaxial deformation of the cylinder section

• Set uniformly distributed force –F/A on the free end in the Z direction

• F/A = 100 MPa

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results
linear statics
* axisymmetric data will be provided in version 7

Point Grid Displacement Bench Test NX Nastran

Point Value Number
A&C 6 u (m) 1.500E–3 1 1.500E–3
A&C 279 2 1.500E–3
A&C 1 3 *
A&C 4 4 *
A&C 1 5 *

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Point Grid Displacement Bench Test NX Nastran

Point Value Number
A&C 279 6 1.500E–3
B 4 u (m) 1.500E–3 1 1.500E–3
B 307 2 1.500E–3
B 53 3 *
B 3 4 *
B 39 5 *
B 307 6 1.500E–3
D 37 u (m) 1.000E-3 1 1.000E–3
D 189 2 1.000E–3
D 5 3 *
D 25 4 *
D 7 5 *
D 189 6 1.000E–3
E 41 u (m) 0.5000E-3 1 0.500E–3
E 99 2 0.500E–3
E 9 3 *
E 29 4 *
E 13 5 *
E 99 6 0.500E–3
A&C 6 w (m) –0.1500E–3 1 –0.150E–3
A&C 279 2 –0.150E–3
A&C 1 3 *
A&C 4 4 *
A&C 1 5 *
A&C 279 6 –0.1500E–3
D 37 w (m) –0.1500E-3 1 –0.1500E–3
D 189 2 –0.1500E–3
D 5 3 *
D 25 4 *
D 7 5 *
D 189 6 –0.1500E–3
E 41 w (m) –0.1500E–3 1 –0.1500E–3
E 99 2 –0.1500E–3
E 9 3 *
E 29 4 *
E 13 5 *

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Point Grid Displacement Bench Test NX Nastran

Point Value Number
E 99 6 –0.1500E–3

Post Processing
To view the results for Test 1 and Test 2, use coordinate system 2 (cylindrical). u is the radial
displacement and w is the axial displacement.

References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLV01/89.

Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Spherical Container

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick sphere with internal pressure. It provides the input data
and results for benchmark test SSLV03/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• sslv03a.dat (Test 1)

• sslv03b.dat (Test 2)

• sslv03c.dat (Test 3)

• sslv03d.dat (Test 4)

• sslv03e.dat (Test 5)

• sslv03f.dat (Test 6)

Units
SI

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Test Cases from from the Societe
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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Material Properties

• E = 2 x 105 Pa

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 1600 linear brick (CHEXA) elements & linear solid wedge (CPENTA) elements

• 1898 grid points

Test 2
• 200 parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements & 50 solid wedge (CPENTA) elements

• 1256 grid points

Test 3 (Results for this test will be provided in the NX Nastran 7 Verification Manual)
• 400 linear quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements

• 451 grid points

Test 4 (Results for this test will be provided in the NX Nastran 7 Verification Manual)
• 400 parabolic quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements

• 1301 grid points

Test 5
• Linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 1 into 6
pyramid elements. Wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.

Test 6
• Parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 2 into 6
pyramid elements. Wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.

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The meshes from these tests are shown in the following figure:

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des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions
• The equivalent of the center of the sphere being fixed is modeled via symmetric boundary
conditions.

• Uniform radial pressure = 100 MPa.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results
* axisymmetric data will be provided in version 7

Point Grid Displacement Bench Test Number NX Nastran

Point Stress Value
r=1 m 1 σrr (MPa) –100.0 1 –90.15
1 2 –97.29
451 3 *
451 4 *
1 5 –90.84
1 6 -103.8
1 σθ (MPa) 71.43 1 72.09

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Point Grid Displacement Bench Test Number NX Nastran

Point Stress Value
1 2 77.23
451 3 *
451 4 *
1 5 72.06
1 6 73.30
1 u (m) 0.4000E–3 1 0.4000E–3
1 2 0.4000E–3
451 3 *
451 4 *
1 5 0.3991E–3
1 6 0.4006E–3

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Test Cases from from the Societe
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Point Grid Displacement Bench Test Number NX Nastran

Point Stress Value
r=2 m 1826 σrr (MPa) 0 1 –0.0280
2221 2 0.2240
411 3 *
411 4 *
1826 5 –0.2530
2221 6 –0.5259
1826 σθ (MPa) 21.43 1 21.18
2221 2 21.18
411 3 *
411 4 *
1826 5 21.40
2221 6 21.74
1826 u (m) 1.500E–4 1 1.500E–4
2221 2 1.500E–4
411 3 *
411 4 *
1826 5 1.506E–4
2221 6 1.499E–4

All stress results are averaged. Use the spherical coordinate system for the stress results.

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLV03/89.

Internal Pressure on a Thick-Walled Infinite Cylinder

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick cylinder with internal pressure. It provides the input
data and results for benchmark test SSLV04/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.

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Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• sslv04a.dat (Test 1)

• sslv04b.dat (Test 2)

• sslv04c.dat (Test 3)

• sslv04d.dat (Test 4)

• sslv04e.dat (Test 5)

• sslv04f.dat (Test 6)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2 x 105 mPa

• ν = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 400 linear brick (CHEXA) elements

• 902 grid points

Test 2
• 240 parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements

• 1873 grid points

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Test 3
• 600 linear quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements

• 656 grid points

Test 4
• 600 parabolic quadrilateral axisymmetric solid elements

• 1911 grid points

Test 5
• Linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 1 into 6
pyramid elements.

Test 6
• Parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 2 into
6 pyramid elements.

The brick meshes are shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions

• Unlimited cylinder

• Internal pressure p = 60 MPa

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

All results are averaged.

Test Case Grid Displacement / Stress Bench Value NX Nastran

Point
sslv04a 411 σr –60.00 (MPa) –57.00
sslv04b 977 –60.00
sslv04c 616 *
sslv04d 1831 *
sslv04e 411 –57.30
sslv04f 977 –60.74
sslv04a 411 σθ 100.0 (MPa) 99.70
sslv04b 977 102.0
sslv04c 616 *
sslv04d 1831 *
sslv04e 411 99.68
sslv04f 977 100.9
sslv04a 411 τmax 80.00 (MPa) 79.34
sslv04b 977 81.00
sslv04c 616 *
sslv04d 1831 *

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Test Case Grid Displacement / Stress Bench Value NX Nastran

Point
sslv04e 411 80.82
sslv04f 977 80.82
sslv04a 411 ur 59.00E–6 (m) 59.00E–6
sslv04b 977 59.00E–6
sslv04c 616 *
sslv04d 1831 *
sslv04e 411 58.85E–6
sslv04f 977 59.00E–6
sslv04a 451 σr 0 (MPa) –0.006500
sslv04b –0.04480
sslv04c *
sslv04d *
sslv04e –0.1563
sslv04f –0.1900
sslv04a σθ 40.00 (MPa) 39.66
sslv04b 40.39

sslv04c *
sslv04d *
sslv04e 39.84
sslv04f 40.16

sslv04a τmax 20.00 (MPa) 20.08

sslv04b 20.17
sslv04c 20.07
sslv04d 19.99
sslv04e 20.10
sslv04f 20.17
sslv04a ur 40.00E–6 (m) 40.00E–6
sslv04b 40.00E–6
sslv04c *
sslv04d *
sslv04e 39.93E–6
sslv04f 40.00E–6

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References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLV04/89.

Prismatic Rod in Pure Bending

This test is a linear statics analysis of a solid rod with bending. It provides the input data and results
for benchmark test SSLV08/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• sslv08a.dat (Test 1)

• sslv08b.dat (Test 2)

• sslv08c.dat (Test 3)

• sslv08d.dat (Test 4)

• sslv08e.dat (Test 5)

• sslv08f.dat (Test 6)

Units

SI

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Material Properties

• E = 2 x 105 MPa

• ν = 0.3

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Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 198 linear solid tetrahedral (CTETRA) elements

• 76 grid points

Test 2
• 198 parabolic solid tetrahedral (CTETRA) elements

• 409 grid points

Test 3
• 48 linear brick (CHEXA) elements

• 117 grid points

Test 4 — Mapped meshing

• 48 parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements

• 381 grid points

Test 5
• 288 linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 3 into
6 pyramid elements.

Test 6
• 288 parabolic pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 4 into
6 pyramid elements.

The meshes from these tests are shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions

• Clamp Point B.

• Other points of B section: Set Z-displacement to 0. NOTE: In these tests some grid points of
section B are also restrained in the x direction about the x-axis at the free end of the rod.

• Set moment Mx equal to (4/3)E+7 N.m

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Test # Point Grid Displacement Bench Value NX Nastran

Point Stress
1 F or G 5 σzz –10.00E6 (Pa) –4.268E6
2 5 –10.03E6
3 75 –10.00E6
4 245 –9.995E6
5 75 –7.929E6
6 245 –9.992E6
1 A 26 uA 4.000E–4 (m) 2.964E–4
2 90 4.000E–4
3 77 4.000E–4
4 251 4.000E–4

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Test # Point Grid Displacement Bench Value NX Nastran

Point Stress
5 77 3.443E–4
6 251 4.000E–4
1 H 19 wB 2.000E–4 (m) 2.000E–4
2 40 2.000E–4
3 76 2.000E–4
4 249 2.000E–4
5 76 1.721E–4
6 249 2.000E–4
1 F or G 5 vF = -vG 0.1500E-4 (m) 0.07450E–4
2 5 0.1508E–4
3 75 0.1500E–4
4 245 0.1503E–4
5 75 0.1005E–4
6 245 0.1503E–4
1 D or E 8 vD = -vE -0.1500E-4 (m) –6.262E–4
2 8 –0.1505E–4
3 73 –0.1500E–4
4 241 –0.1503E–4
5 73 –0.1005E–4
6 241 –0.1503E–4

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLV08/89.

Thick Plate Clamped at Edges

This test is a linear statics analysis of a thick plate with pressure and transverse bending. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SSLV09/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

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Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• sslv09a.dat (Test 1)

• sslv09b.dat (Test 2)

• sslv09c.dat (Test 3)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

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Finite Element Modeling

Test 1
• 25 parabolic linear brick (CHEXA) elements

• 228 grid points

• λ =10, 20, 50, 75, 100

Test 2
• 25 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 36 grid points

• λ =10, 20, 50, 75, 100

Test 3
• 150 linear pyramid solid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test
1 into 6 pyramid elements

Test 2 is done using CQUAD4 elements with the thicknesses specified in the physical property table.
The meshes from these tests are shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions

• AB and AD sides: clamped

• BC and DC sides: symmetry

• Load case 1:

Pressure p = 1E06 Pascals in –Z direction

• Load case 2: Point C

Grid Point force F = 1E06 N in –Z direction

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 Linear statics

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Results

Test Case 1 (z displacement at location C)

Part Load Case Grid Point Analytical Reference FEM NX Nastran
Name
10 Pressure 242 –0.6552E-4 –0.7620E–4 –0.7379E–4

Force 242 –0.2915E-3 –0.4300E–3 –0.3684E–3

20 Pressure 1242 –0.5242E-3 –0.5383E–3 –0.5266E–3
Force 1242 –0.2332E–2 –0.2535E–2 –0.2456E–2
50 Pressure 2242 –0.8190E–2 –0.8029E–2 –0.7935E–2
Force 2242 –0.3643E–1 –0.3574E–1 –0.3602E–1
75 Pressure 3242 –0.2764E–1 –0.2690E–1 –0.2666E-1
Force 3242 –0.1230 –0.1184 –0.1206
100 Pressure 4242 –0.6552E–1 –0.6339E–1 –0.6305E–1
Force 4242 –0.2915 –0.2779 –0.2849

Test Case 2 (z displacement at location C)

Part Load Case Grid Point Analytical Reference FEM NX Nastran
Name
10 Pressure 1 –0.6552E–4 –0.7866E–4 –0.8131E–4

Force 1 –0.2915E–3 –0.4109E–3 –0.4050E–3

20 Pressure 36 –0.5242E–3 –0.5557E–3 –0.5775E–3
Force 36 –0.2332E–2 –0.2595E–2 –0.2668E–2
50 Pressure 36 –0.8190E–2 –0.8348E–2 –0.8669E–2
Force 36 –0.3643E–1 –0.3745E–1 –0.3878E–1
75 Pressure 36 –0.2764E–1 –0.2805E–1 –0.2906E–1
Force 36 –0.1230 –0.1253 –0.1292
100 Pressure 36 –0.6552E–1 –0.6639E–1 –0.6864E–1
Force 36 –0.2915 -0.2958 –0.3042

Test Case 3 (z displacement at location C)

Part Load Case Grid Point Analytical Reference FEM NX Nastran
Name
10 Pressure 242 –0.6552E-4 –0.7620E–4 –0.7491E–4

Force 242 –0.2915E-3 –0.4300E–3 –0.3736E–3

20 Pressure 1242 –0.5242E-3 –0.5383E–3 –0.5342E–3
Force 1242 –0.2332E–2 –0.2535E–2 –0.2458E–2
50 Pressure 2242 –0.8190E–2 –0.8029E–2 –0.7875E–2
Force 2242 –0.3643E–1 –0.3574E–1 –0.3470E–1
75 Pressure 3242 –0.2764E–1 –0.2690E–1 –0.2605E-1
Force 3242 –0.1230 –0.1184 –0.1135

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Part Load Case Grid Point Analytical Reference FEM NX Nastran

Name
100 Pressure 4242 –0.6552E–1 –0.6339E–1 –0.6068E–1
Force 4242 –0.2915 –0.2779 –0.2627

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SSLV09/89.

6.5 Mechanical Structures — Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis

Lumped Mass-Spring System

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis of an elastic link with lumped mass. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SDLD02/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input File

sdld02.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

Spring constant

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Finite Element Modeling

• 8 lumped mass (CONM2) elements

• 9 spring (CBUSH) elements

• 8 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• Clamp points A and B

• Other points:

ν=0;θ=0

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Modes

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Results

Frequency Results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 5.527 5.527
2 10.89 10.89
3 15.92 15.92
4 20.46 20.46
5 24.38 24.38
6 27.57 27.57
7 29.91 29.91
8 31.35 31.35

Mode Shapes Results

The mode shapes results are exact. The multiplication coefficient is 3.162.

Normal Mode Point Bench Value NX Nastran

1 P1 0.1612 0.05100
P2 0.3030 0.09580
P3 0.4082 0.1291
P4 0.4642 0.1468
P5 0.4642 0.1468
P6 0.4082 0.1291
P7 0.3030 0.09580
P8 0.1612 0.05100
8 P1 0.1612 0.05100
P2 –0.3030 –0.09580
P3 0.4082 0.1291
P4 –0.4642 –0.1468
P5 0.4642 0.1468
P6 –0.4082 –0.1291
P7 0.3030 0.09580
P8 –0.1612 –0.05100

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLD02/89, p. 178.

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Short Beam on Simple Supports

This test is a modal analysis of a straight short beam with simple supports both inline and offset. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL01/89 from Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• sdll01a.dat (Test 1)

• sdll01b.dat (Test 2)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2 x 101111 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

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Finite Element Modeling

• 10 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 11 grid points

The meshes are shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions

Problem 1
• Point A (grid point 1): Constrain in all directions, except the Z rotation.

• Point B (grid point 2): Constrain in the Y and Z translations and X and Y rotations.

• All other grid points (3-11): Constrain in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.

• No load case.

Problem 2
• Point C (grid point 1): Constrain in all directions, except the Z rotation.

• Point D (grid point 2): Constrain in the Y and Z translations and X and Y rotations.

• All other grid points (3-11): Constrain in the Z translation and X and Y rotations.

• No load case.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Modes

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Results

Problem 1: Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

Bending 1 431.6 437.2
Tension 1 1266. 1265.
Bending 2 1498. 1539.
Bending 3 2871. 2925.
Tension 2 3798. 3763.
Bending 4 4378. 4328.

Problem 2: Frequency results (Hz)

Mode Number Bench Value NX Nastran

1 392.8 398.5
2 902.2 927.3
3 1592. 1666.
4 2629. 2815.
5 3126. 3266.

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLL01/89.

Axial Loading on a Rod

This test is a modal analysis of a simply-supported beam with stress stiffening. It provides the input
data and results for benchmark test SDLL05/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• sdll05a.dat

• sdll05b.dat

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Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2 x 1011 Pa

• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

Finite Element Modeling

• 10 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 11 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions
• Points A: u = v = 0

• Points B: v = 0

• Load case 2 (grid point 2): Fx = 1E05N in –X direction

• Stress stiffening on

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Modes

Results

Frequency results (Hz)

Load Case Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 Bending 1 28.70 28.68
Bending 2 114.8 114.4
2 Bending 1 22.43 22.40
Bending 2 109.1 108.7

References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLL05/89.

Cantilever Beam with a Variable Rectangular Section

This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam with a variable section. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SDLL09/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

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Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
• sdll09a.dat

• sdll09b.dat

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 2 x 1011 Pa

• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

Finite Element Modeling

• 10 tapered beam (CBEAM) elements

• 11 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions
• Clamp point A

• No load case

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Modes

Results

Frequency results (Hz)

β Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

4 1 54.18 54.24
2 171.9 172.4
3 384.4 384.9
4 697.2 695.4
5 1112. 1104.
5 1 56.55 56.59
2 175.8 176.3
3 389.0 389.5
4 702.4 700.6
5 1118. 1109.

References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLL09/89.

Thin Circular Ring

This test is a modal analysis of a thin curved beam. It provides the input data and results for
benchmark test SDLL11/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

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Test Case Data and Information

Input File

sdll11.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 7.2 x 1010 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• ρ = 2700 kg/m3

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des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

• 36 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 36 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• Free conditions

• Create one constraint set (kinematic DOF) to fully constrain the three grid points shown below
(grid points 7, 21, 30).

• No load case

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

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Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Modes

Results

Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran ADS #

Plane mode 1,2,3 0 0 1.000, 2.000, 3.000
Plane mode 4,5 318.4 319.0 7.000, 8.000
Plane mode 6,7 900.5 900.9 11.00, 12.00
Plane mode 8,9 1727. 1724. 15.00, 16.00
Plane mode 10,11 2792. 2781. 17.00, 18.00
Transverse Mode 0 0 4.000, 5.000, 6.000
1,2,3
Transverse Mode 4,5 511.0 511.0 9.000, 10.00
Transverse Mode 6,7 1590. 1585. 13.00, 14.00
Transverse Mode 8,9 3184. 3159. 19.00, 20.00

References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLL11/89.

Thin Circular Ring Clamped at Two Points

This test is a modal analysis of a thin curved beam. It provides the input data and results for
benchmark test SDLL12/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input File
sdll12.dat

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Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 7.2 x 1010 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• ρ = 2700 kg/m3

Finite Element Modeling

• 29 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 29 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions

• Points A and B: Clamped in local coordinate system

• No load case

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Modes

Results

Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 235.3 235.9
2 575.3 575.2
3 1106. 1103.
4 1406. 1399.
5 1751. 1743.
6 2557. 2536.
7 2802. 2723.

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLL12/89.

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Vibration Modes of a Thin Pipe Elbow

This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam, and a thin curved beam. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test SDLL14/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• sdll14a.dat (test 1, L=0)

• sdll14b.dat (test 2, L=0.6)

• sdll14c.dat (test 3, L=2.0)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

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Finite Element Modeling

• L = 0 or L = 0.6:

18 linear beam (CBAR) elements

19 grid points

• L = 2:

28 linear beam (CBAR) elements

29 grid points

Two of the meshes are shown in the following figure:

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des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions
• Clamp points C and D

• Point A: v = 0; w = 0

• Point B: u = 0; w = 0

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Modes

Results

Frequency results (Hz)

L Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran ADS#

0 Transverse 1 44.23 44.07 1.000
Plane 1 119.0 119.2 2.000
Transverse 2 125.0 125.4 3.000
Plane 2 227.0 225.0 4.000
0.6000 Transverse 1 33.40 33.15 1.000
Plane 1 94.00 94.42 2.000
Transverse 2 100.0 98.50 3.000
Plane 2 180.0 183.7 4.000
2.000 Transverse 1 17.90 17.65 1.000
Plane 1 24.80 24.40 3.000
Transverse 2 25.30 24.94 2.000

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L Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran ADS#

Plane 2 27.00 26.67 4.000

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLL14/89.

Cantilever Beam with Eccentric Lumped Mass

This test is a modal analysis of a straight cantilever beam and a lumped mass. It provides the input
data and results for benchmark test SDLL15/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de
structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• sdll15a.dat

• sdll15b.dat

Units

SI

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1:
• 10 linear beam (CBEAM) elements

• 1 rigid (RBAR) element from point B to point C

• 1 lumped mass (CONM2) element at point C

• 11 grid points

Test 2:
• 10 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 1 rigid (RBAR) element from point B to point C

• 1 lumped mass (CONM2) element at point C

• 11 grid points

The mesh both tests is is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• Clamp point A

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

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Solution Type

SOL 103 normal mode dynamics — SVI

Results

Frequency results (Hz)

yc Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

0 Transverse 1,2 1.650 1.650
Transverse 3,4 16.07 15.88
Transverse 5,6 50.02 48.64
Tension 1 76.47 76.42
Torsion 1 80.47 80.68
Transverse 7,8 103.2 97.89
1 1 1.636 1.633
2 1.642 1.638
3 13.46 13.36
4 13.59 13.59
5 28.90 29.20
6 31.96 31.57
7 61.61 59.85
8 63.93 61.72

Mode shapes results

yc Normal Mode Modal Displacement Bench Value NX Nastran

1 1 wc/wb 1.030 1.030
2 uc/vb 0.1480 –0.1480
3 uc/vb 2.882 –2.904
4 wc/wb –0.9220 –0.9800

• wc = z displacement at point C

• wb = z displacement at point B

• uc = x displacement at point C

• vb = y displacement at point B

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLL15/89.

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Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Thin Square Plate (Clamped or Free)

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a thin plate. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS01/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• sdls01a.dat

• sdls01b.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

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Finite Element Modeling

• 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 121 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
• Problem 1: AB side clamped

• Problem 2: Free plate; 1 kinematic DOF set (grid points 1, 11, 111)

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Modes

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Results

Problem 1: Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 8.727 8.638
2 21.30 20.89
3 53.55 52.42
4 68.30 65.77
5 77.74 75.14
6 136.0 127.8

Problem 2: Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

7 33.71 32.91
8 49.46 47.42
9 61.05 59.19
10,11 87.52 83.08

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLS01/89..

Simply-Supported Rectangular Plate

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a thin plate. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS03/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

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Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

sdls03.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

Finite Element Modeling

• 150 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 176 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions
• Z-displacement = 0 on all sides of the plate

• One DOF set

• No load case

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

Results

Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 35.63 35.27
2 68.51 67.29
3 109.6 108.5
4 123.3 120.8
5 142.5 138.2
6 197.3 188.2

References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLS03/89.

Thin Ring Plate Clamped on a Hub

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a thin plate. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS04/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures.

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• Re = 0.1 m

• Ri = 0.2 m

• Thickness = .001 m

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

sdls04.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

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des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

• 400 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 440 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• If r = Ri: Clamp in local coordinate system.

• No load case.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

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Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Modes

Results

Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 79.26 79.22
2,3 81.09 80.72
4,5 89.63 88.83
6,7 112.8 111.3
8,9 Not available 152.7
10,11 Not available 212.9
12,13 Not available 290.1
14,15 Not available 382.9
16,17 Not available 490.3
18 518.9 510.9
19,20 528.6 519.7
21,22 559.1 546.2
23 609.7 590.3

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLS04/89.

Vane of a Compressor - Clamped-free Thin Shell

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a cylindrical thin shell.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLS05/89 from Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures.

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des Mecaniciens

• α = 0.5 rad

• AD = L = 0.3048m

• r = 2L = 0.6096m

• thickness = 3.048 x 10–3 m

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

• sdls05a.dat (coarse mesh)

• sdls05b.dat (fine mesh)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.0685 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• ρ = 7857.2 kg/m3

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Finite Element Modeling — Coarse Mesh

• 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 121 grid points

The coarse mesh is shown in the following figure:

Finite Element Modeling — Fine Mesh

• 225 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 256 grid points

The fine mesh is shown in the following figure:

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des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions

• AD side: Clamped in local coordinate system.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Modes

Results

Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran coarse NX Nastran fine mesh

mesh
1 85.60 84.60 85.30
2 134.5 137.1 137.8
3 259.0 240.7 243.9
4 351.0 333.3 338.1
5 395.0 370.0 378.3
6 531.0 503.7 515.4

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLS05/89.

Bending of a Symmetric Truss

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (plane problem) of a straight cantilever beam structure.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX01/89 from Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures.

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• h = 0.0048 m

• b = 0.029 m

• A = 1.392 x 10–4 m2

• Iz = 2.673 x 10–10 m4

Test Case Data and Information

Input File

sdlx01.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• ρ = 7800 kg/m3

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Finite Element Modeling

• 24 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 24 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• Clamp points A and B

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Modes

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Results

Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 8.800 8.769
2 29.40 29.34
3 43.80 43.82
4 56.30 56.25
5 96.20 95.43
6 102.6 102.5
7 147.1 146.2
8 174.8 173.1
9 178.8 177.4
10 206.0 202.9
11 266.4 262.4
12 320.0 309.7
13 335.0 321.9

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLX01/89.

Hovgaard's Problem — Pipes with Flexible Elbows

This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three-dimensional problem) of a straight cantilever
beam structure. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX02/89 from Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

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des Mecaniciens

• A = 0.3439 x 10E–2 m2

• R = 0.922 m

• e = 0.00612 m

• Re = 0.0925 m

• Ri = 0.08638 m

• Iy = Iz = 0.1377x10–4 m4 (straight elements)

• Iy = Iz = 0.5887x10–5 m4 (curved elements)

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

sdlx02.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 1.658 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• ρ = 13404.106 kg/m3

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Finite Element Modeling

• 25 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 26 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• Clamp points A and B

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

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Solution Type
SOL 103 — Normal Modes

Results

Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 10.18 10.39
2 19.54 19.85
3 25.47 25.32
4 48.09 47.74
5 52.86 51.78
6 75.94 83.00
7 80.11 85.12
8 122.3 125.8
9 123.2 127.7

References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLX02/89.

Rectangular Plates
This test is a normal mode dynamics analysis (three dimensional problem) of a thin plate with rigid
body modes. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLX03/89 from Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
sdlx03.dat

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Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa

• ν = 0.3

• ρ = 7800 kg / m3

Finite Element Modeling

• 300 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 320 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions

• Free plate

• One DOF set

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 103 — Normal Mode Dynamics

Results

Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 584.0 577.0
2 826.0 813.0
3 855.0 844.0
4 911.0 895.0
5 1113. 1062.
6 1136. 1118.

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLX03/89.

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6.6 Mechanical Structures — Normal Mode Dynamics Analysis and

Model Response

Transient Response of a Spring-Mass System with Acceleration Loading

This test is an undamped transient response by modal superposition. It provides the input data and
results for benchmark test SDLD04/89 from Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures.

Where:

• m = 1 kg

• k = 1000 N/m

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

sdld04.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

Spring constant.

Finite Element Modeling

• 3 lumped mass (CONM) elements

• 3 translational spring (CELAS) elements

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions
• Points A: Clamped (u = v = 0 : θ - 0)

• Points B, C and D: v = 0 ; = 0

• Point A: Set acceleration: ű(t) = 2E5 * (t2) ; (0 < t < 0.1 s)

• Initial condition: u(0) = 0 ; u(0) = 0 at every point

The mesh and the boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type
SOL 112 — Modal Transient Response

Results
The mode shapes results are exact.

Frequency results (Hz)

Normal Mode Bench Value NX Nastran

1 2.239 2.239
2 6.275 6.275
3 9.069 9.069

Mode shapes results

Normal Mode Point Bench Value NX Nastran

1 B 0.4450 0.4450
C 0.8019 0.8019
D 1.000 1.000

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Normal Mode Point Bench Value NX Nastran

2 B 1.000 1.000
C 0.4450 0.4450
D –0.8019 –0.8019
B –0.8019 –0.8019
C 1.000 1.000
D –0.4450 –0.4450

Transient response (Point D: X-displacement in meters)

Time (sec) Bench Value NX Nastran

0.02000 –0.002700 –0.002670
0.04000 –0.04260 –0.04270
0.05000 –0.1041 –0.1041
0.06000 –0.2158 –0.2160
0.08000 –0.6813 –0.6818
0.1000 –1.658 –1.659

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLD04/89.

Transient Response of a Clamped-free Post

This test is a transient response of a straight cantilever beam with acceleration and force loadings,
and modal damping. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test SDLL06/89 from "Guide
de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

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Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

sdll06.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 4 x 1010 Pa

• Iz = 3.285 x 10–1 m4

• ρ=0

Finite Element Modeling

• 8 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 9 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Boundary Conditions

To apply an acceleration üA(t) at point A, we can do the following:

• Points A: Clamped (u = v = 0 : θ - 0)

• Point B: Set nodal force Fx(t) equal to mB * üA(t) in the -X direction

Fx(t) = –m * üA(t)

• Initial conditions: u(0) = 0 ; u (0) = 0 at every point

The mesh and the boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

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Solution Type

SOL 109 — Direct Transient Response

Results

uB displacement (mm)

Time (s) Bench Value NX Nastran

0.01000 –0.06500 –0.06570
0.02000 –0.5130 –0.5152
0.03000 –1.679 –1.682
0.04000 –3.457 –3.464
0.05000 –5.316 –5.333
0.06000 –6.764 –6.804
0.07000 –7.609 –7.682
0.08000 –7.774 –7.891
0.09000 –7.244 –7.413
0.1000 –6.068 –6.289
0.1200 –2.242 –2.542
0.1400 2.367 2.070
0.1600 6.149 5.977
0.1800 7.783 7.847
0.2000 6.698 7.042

The problem with damping is not computed.

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
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References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. SDLL06/89.

6.7 Stationary Thermal Tests — Heat Transfer Analysis

Hollow Cylinder - Fixed Temperatures

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with fixed
temperatures. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA01/89 from "Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

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• Re = 0.30 m

• Ri = 0.35 m

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
htpla01.dat

Units
SI

Material Properties
• λ = 1 W/m °C

Finite Element Modeling

• 10 linear axisymmetric solid (CTRIAX6) elements

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
• One temperature set:

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
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– Internal temperature Ti = 100 °C

– External temperature Te = 20 °C

Solution Type

SOL 153 — Steady State Heat Transfer

Results

Temperature results

Radius (m) Bench Value (°C) NX Nastran (°C)

0.3000 100.0 100.0
0.3100 82.98 82.98
0.3200 66.51 66.51
0.3300 50.54 50.54
0.3400 35.04 35.04
0.3500 20.00 20.00

Flux results

Radius (m) Bench Value (W/m2) NX Nastran (W/m2)

0.3000 1730. 1702.
0.3100 1674. 1666.
0.3200 1622. 1614.
0.3300 1573. 1565.
0.3400 1526. 1519.
0.3500 1483. 1505.

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLA01/89.

Hollow Cylinder - Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with convection. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA03/89 from "Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures."

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• Re = 0.300 m

• Ri = 0.391 m

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

htpla03.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• λ = 40.0 W/m °C

Finite Element Modeling

• 20 linear axisymmetric solid (CTRIAX6) elements

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• Convection on internal surface:

hi = 150.0 W/m2 / °C
Ti = 500 °C

• Convection on external surface:

he = 142.0 W/m2 / °C
Ti = 20 °C

Solution Type

SOL 153 — Steady State Heat Transfer

Results

Temperature / Flux Bench Value NX Nastran

Ti (°C) 272.3 272.5
Te (°C) 205.1 204.6
i (W/m2) 3.416E4 3.378E4

e (W/m2) 2.628E4 2.642E4

φ/l=φ*2*π*R
So: φ / l= 34173.82 * 2 * π * 0.300 = 64416.13 W/m

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLA03/89.

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Cylindrical Rod - Flux Density

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric rod with fixed temperatures
and flux density. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA05/89 from "Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

htpla05.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• λ = 33.33 W/m °C

Finite Element Modeling

• 20 linear axisymmetric solid (CTRIAX6) elements

• 42 grid points

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Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

The meshes are shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• z=0
Set temperature to 0 °C

• z=1
Set temperature to 500 °C

• Cylindrical surface

Set flux to –200 W/m2

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

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Solution Type

SOL 153 — Steady State Heat transfer

Results

Temperature results (°C)

Grid Point # z (m) Bench value NX Nastran

Grid point 3 0 0 0
Grid point 41 0.1000 -4.000 -4.020
Grid point 39 0.2000 4.000 3.980
Grid point 37 0.3000 24.00 23.97
Grid point 35 0.4000 56.00 55.97
Grid point 33 0.5000 100.0 99.97
Grid point 31 0.6000 156.0 156.0
Grid point 29 0.7000 224.0 224.0
Grid point 27 0.8000 304.0 304.0
Grid point 25 0.9000 396.0 396.0
Grid point 4 1.000 500 500.0

Results are post-processed on the internal surface. NX Nastran does not make the approximation, T
= cte when r is fixed.

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLA05/89.

Hollow Cylinder with Two Materials - Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D axisymmetric cylinder with two materials
and convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLA08/89 from "Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

• Ri = 0.30 m

• Rm = 0.35 m

• Re = 0.37 m

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

htpla08.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• Material 1: λ1 = 40.0 W/m °C

• Material 2: λ2 = 20.0 W/m °C

Finite Element Modeling

• 14 linear axisymmetric solid (CTRIAX6) elements

• 16 grid points

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The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• Convection on internal surface

hi = 150.0 W/m2 °C
Ti = 70 °C

• Convection on external surface

he = 200.0 W/m2 °C
Te = –15 °C

Solution Type

SOL 153 — Steady State Heat Transfer

Results

Grid point # Temperature Flux Bench Value NX Nastran

Grid point 9 Ti (°C) 25.42 25.45
Grid point 14 Tm (°C) 17.69 17.68
Grid point 16 Te (°C) 12.11 12.09
Grid point 9 Grid point 9 i (W/m2) 6687. 6609.
Grid point 14 Grid point 14 5732. 5768.
m
(W/m**2)
Grid point 16 Grid point 16 e 5422. 5497.
(W/m2)

φ/l = φ * 2 * π * R
So: φ/l= 5733.33 * 2 * π * 0.35 = 12608.25 W/m

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLA08/89.

Wall-Convection
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 1D wall with fixed convection. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test TPLL03/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures."

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

htpl03.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• λ = 1.0 W/m °C

Finite Element Modeling

• 1 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) element

• 4 grid points

The thin shell element thickness is set to 1 m.

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions

• Convection on internal surface

hA = 20.0 W/m2 °C
TA = –20.0 °C

• Convection on external surface

hB = 10.0 W/m2 °C
TB = 500.0 °C

• Convection coefficient is defined as

energy / (length * time * temperature) in the current system of units.
The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 153 — Steady State Heat Transfer

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Results

Temperature results (°C)

Grid point # Temperature/Flux Bench Value NX Nastran

Grid point 2 TA (°C) 21.71 21.71
Grid point 4 TB (°C) 416.6 416.6
Grid point 1 (W/m2) 834.2 834.3

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLL03/89.

Wall-Fixed Temperatures
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 1D wall with fixed temperatures. It provides the
input data and results for benchmark test TPLL01/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures."

Test Case Data and Information

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Input Files

htpl01.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• λ = 0.75 W/m °C

Finite Element Modeling

• 5 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 6 grid points

Boundary Conditions

• Internal temperature Ti = 100 °C

• External temperature Te = 20 °C

Solution Type

SOL 153 — Steady State Heat Transfer

Results

Temperature results (°C)

Grid point # Length: x (m) Bench Value NX Nastran

Grid point 1 0 100.0 100.0
Grid point 3 0.01000 84.00 84.00
Grid point 4 0.02000 68.00 68.00
Grid point 5 0.03000 52.00 52.00
Grid point 6 0.04000 36.00 36.00
Grid point 2 0.05000 20.00 20.00

The flux calculated with NX Nastran is exact:

= 1200 Ω / μ2

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No. TPLL01/89.

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

L-Plate
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 2D L-plate with fixed temperatures. It provides
the input data and results for benchmark test TPLP01/89 from "Guide de validation des progiciels de
calcul de structures."

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

htpp01a.dat - linear quadrilateral thin shell elements

htpp01b.dat - parabolic quadrilateral thin shell elements

Units

SI

Material Properties

• λ = 1.0 W/m °C

Finite Element Modeling

• Test 1 – 12 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• Test 2 – 12 parabolic quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD8) elements

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

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Boundary Conditions
• AF side
Set temperature to 10 °C

• DE side
Set temperature to 0 °C

Solution Type
SOL153 — Steady State Heat Transfer

Results

Temperature Results (°C)

Node Bench Value NX Nastran CQUAD4 NX Nastran CQUAD8

8 7.869 7.924 7.882
9 5.495 5.613 5.519

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Node Bench Value NX Nastran CQUAD4 NX Nastran CQUAD8

10 2.816 2.885 2.834
19 8.018 8.043 8.015
18 5.680 5.821 5.665
20 2.881 2.963 2.877
17 8.514 8.425 8.518
6 6.667 6.667 6.667
16 2.972 3.148 2.962
21 9.001 8.992 9.107
15 8.640 8.356 8.668
14 9.316 9.189 9.282
5 9.009 8.773 8.961

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLP01/89.

Orthotropic Square
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a square plate with orthotropic conduction and
convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLP02/89 from "Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

htpp02.dat

Units

SI

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Material Properties
• λx = 1.00 W/m °C

• λx =.75 W/m °C

Finite Element Modeling

• 100 linear quadrilateral thin shell (CQUAD4) elements

• 121 grid points

The thin shell element thickness is set to 1 m.

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
• Flux density y = 60 W/m2 for face y = –0.1. (Entry)

• Flux density y = –60 W/m2 for face y = 0.1. (Exit)

• Convection on the faces X = –0.1 and x = 0.1:

– h = 15.0 W/m2 °C

• Linear variation of the external temperatures:

– Te = 30 – 80y on the face x = –0.1
– Te = 15 – 80y on the face x = 0.1

• Convection coefficient is defined as:

– Energy / (length * time * temperature)

• Flux density is defined as:

– Energy / (length * time) in the current system of units

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 6-147

 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Solution Type

SOL 153 — Steady State Heat Transfer

Results

Temperature Results

Point Bench Value (°C) NX Nastran (°C)

0 22.50 22.50
A 35.00 34.80
B 26.00 25.80
C 10.00 10.20
D 19.00 19.20

E 30.50 30.50
F 18.00 18.00
G 14.50 14.50
H 27.00 27.00

Flux Results (W/m2)

Grid Point Bench Value NX Nastran

61 X 45.00 45.00
61 Y 60.00 59.55

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References
Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLP02/89.

Hollow Sphere - Fixed Temperatures, Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D sphere with fixed temperatures and
convection. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV02/89 from "Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

• Ri = 0.30 m

• Re = 0.35 m

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
htpv02.dat (CHEXA and CPENTA)
htpv02p.dat (CPYRAM and CPENTA)

Units
SI

Material Properties
• λ = 1 W/m °C

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1: Brick and wedge element test
• 500 linear brick (CHEXA) and linear wedge (CPENTA) elements

• 766 grid points

The test is executed on 1/8 mapped meshed sphere.

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Test 2: Pyramid and wedge element test

• Linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 1 into 6
pyramid elements. Linear wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.

Boundary Conditions

• Convection on internal surface

hi = 30 W/m2 °C
Ti = 100 °C

• Set external surface temperature Te to 20 °C

The load sets are shown in the following figure:

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Solution Type

SOL 153 — Steady State Heat Transfer

Results

Temperature results (°C)

Test Radius r (m) Bench Value NX Nastran

Test 1 0.3000 65.00 64.88
Test 2 0.3000 65.00 64.86
Test 1 0.3100 54.84 54.75
Test 2 0.3100 54.84 54.72
Test 1 0.3200 45.31 45.25
Test 2 0.3200 45.31 45.23
Test 1 0.3300 36.36 36.33
Test 2 0.3300 36.36 36.30
Test 1 0.3400 27.94 27.92
Test 2 0.3400 27.94 27.91
Test 1 0.3500 20.00 20.00
Test 2 0.3500 20.00 20.00

Flux results (W/m 2): (X-direction)

Test Radius r (m) Bench Value NX Nastran

Test 1 0.3000 1050. 1013.
Test 2 0.3000 1050. 1013.
Test 1 0.3100 983.4 981.4
Test 2 0.3100 983.4 981.6
Test 1 0.3200 922.9 921.2
Test 2 0.3200 922.9 921.3
Test 1 0.3300 867.5 866.3

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Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Test Radius r (m) Bench Value NX Nastran

Test 2 0.3300 867.5 866.3
Test 1 0.3400 817.5 816.3
Test 2 0.3400 817.5 816.1
Test 1 0.3500 771.4 792.4
Test 2 0.3500 771.4 792.1

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLV02/89.

Hollow Sphere with Two Materials - Convection

This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D sphere with two materials and convection.
It provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV04/89 from "Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures."

• Ri = 0.30 m

• Rm = 0.35 m

• Re = 0.37 m

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

htpv04a.dat (CHEXA & CPENTA) elements

htpv04b.dat (CTETRA) elements
htpv04c.dat (CTRIAX6) elements
htpv04p.dat (CPYRAM & CPENTA) elements

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Units

SI

Material Properties

• Material 1: λ1 = 40.0 W/m °C

• Material 2: λ2 = 20.0 W/m °C

Finite Element Modeling

• Test 1 - 700 solid linear brick (CHEXA) & solid linear wedge (CPENTA) elements

• Test 2 - 2192 solid parabolic tetrahedron (CTETRA) elements

• Test 3 - 8 axisymmetric parabolic elements (Results for this test will be provided in the NX
Nastran 7 Verification Manual)

• Test 4- Linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 1 into
6 pyramid elements. Linear wedge (CPENTA) elements remain.

The test is executed on a 1/8 meshed sphere

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

The meshes are shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• Convection on internal surface:

hi = 150.0 W/m2 °C
Ti = 70 °C

• Convection on external surface:

he = 200.0 W/m2 °C
Te = –9 °C

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The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 153 — Steady State Heat Transfer

Results

Temperature Results

* axisymmetric data will be provided in version 7

Temperature Bench CHEXA & CTETRA Axisymmetric CPYRAM &

Flux (°C) Value CPENTA CPENTA
Ti 25.06 N1 25.02 N19 25.06 * N1 23.66
Tm 17.84 N556 17.84 N9 17.84 * N556 16.26
Te 13.16 N778 13.18 N5 13.15 * N778 13.85
(W/m2) 6741. N1 6487. N19 5865. * N1 6683.
i

(W/m2) 4952. N556 4931. N9 4765. * N556 5080.

m

(W/m2) 4431. N778 4531. N5 4551. * N778 4669.

e

φ = φ * 4 * π * R2

So: φ = 4931.20 * 4 * π * 0.352 = 7590.00 W

Flux is in the x direction

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLV04/89.

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

6.8 Thermo-mechanical Tests — Linear Statics Analysis

Orthotropic Cube
This test is a steady-state heat transfer analysis of a 3D cube with convection and flux density. It
provides the input data and results for benchmark test TPLV07/89 from "Guide de validation des
progiciels de calcul de structures."

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
htpv07.dat (CHEXA)
htpv07p.dat (CPYRAM)

Units
SI

Material Properties
• λx = 1.00 W/m °C

• λy = 0.75 W/m °C

• λz = 0.50 W/m °C

Finite Element Modeling

Test 1: Brick element test
• 512 linear brick (CHEXA) elements

• 729 grid points

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The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Test 2: Pyramid element test

• 3072 linear pyramid (CPYRAM) elements created by dividing each brick element in test 1 into
6 pyramid elements.

Boundary Conditions

• Flux density y = 60 W/m2 for face y = –0.1 (Entry)

• Flux density y = –60 W/m2 for face y = 0.1 (Exit)

• Flux density z = 30 W/m2 for face z = –0.1 (Entry)

• Flux density z = –30 W/m2 for face z = 0.1 (Exit)

• Convection on the faces X = –0.1 and x = 0.1:

–h = 15.0 W/m2 °C

• Linear variation of the external temperatures:

–Te = 30 – 80y – 60z on the face x = –0.1

–Te = 15 – 80y – 60z on the face x = 0.1

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 153 — Steady State Heat Transfer

Results

Temperature results (°C)

Test Point Bench Value NX Nastran

Test1 A 35.00 34.70
Test2 A 35.00 34.70
Test1 B 26.00 25.70
Test2 B 26.00 25.70
Test1 C 10.00 10.30
Test2 C 10.00 10.30
Test1 D 19.00 19.30
Test2 D 19.00 19.30
Test1 S 30.50 30.40
Test2 S 30.50 30.40
Test1 F 18.00 18.00
Test2 F 18.00 18.00
Test1 M 14.50 14.60
Test2 M 14.50 17.70
Test1 H 27.00 27.00
Test2 H 27.00 27.00

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Test Point Bench Value NX Nastran

Test1 N 29.00 29.00
Test2 N 29.00 29.00
Test1 P 20.00 20.00
Test2 P 20.00 20.00
Test1 J 4.000 4.600
Test2 J 4.000 4.590
Test1 I 13.00 13.60
Test2 I 13.00 13.60
Test1 E 16.50 16.60
Test2 E 16.50 16.60
Test1 R 41.00 40.40
Test2 R 41.00 40.40
Test1 Q 32.00 31.40
Test2 Q 32.00 31.40
Test1 K 16.00 16.00
Test2 K 16.00 16.00
Test1 L 25.00 25.00
Test2 L 25.00 25.00
Test1 G 28.50 28.40
Test2 G 28.50 28.40

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.TPLV07/89.

Thermal Gradient on a Thin Pipe

This test is a thermo-mechanical linear statics analysis of a thin pipe with thermal gradient and
plane strain. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test HSLA01/89 from "Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 6-159

 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

• Ri = 0.020 m

• Re = 0.025 m

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

hsla01.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 1.0 x 1011 Pa

• = 0.3

• Coefficient of expansion: α = 1.0 x 10–5/C°

Finite Element Modeling

• 1000 linear axisymmetric solid (CTRIAX6) elements

• 561 grid points

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The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions

• Articulate AB side

• Radial temperature with Ti = 100 °C, and Te = 0 °C.

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

Solution Type

SOL 101 Linear statics

Results

Point Stress Bench Value NX Nastran

r=Ri σr (Pa) –265x 0 –14.03 E6
σθ (Pa) –265y –74.07 E6 –79.84 E6
r = (Re + Ri) / 2 σr (Pa) –270x –3.950 E6 –3.908 E6
σθ (Pa) –270y 1.306 E6 1.469 E6
r = Re σr (Pa) –275x 0 –11.31 E6
σθ (Pa) –275y 68.78 E6 73.69 E6

References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.HSLA01/89.

Simply-Supported Arch
This test is a thermo-mechanical linear statics analysis of a thin curved beam with thermal gradient
and articulation. It provides the input data and results for benchmark test HSLL01/89 from "Guide de
validation des progiciels de calcul de structures."

• R = 10 m

• A = 144 x 10–4 m2

• I = 1.728 x 10–5 m4

Beam cross section:

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Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
hsll01.dat

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 0.2 x 1011 Pa

• = 0.3

• Coefficient of expansion: α = 11.0 x 10–6/C°

Finite Element Modeling

• 50 linear beam (CBAR) elements

• 51 grid points

The mesh is shown in the following figure:

Boundary Conditions
• Articulate point A and B

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 Chapter
Chapter 6: 6: Verification
Verification Test Cases
Test Cases from from the Societe
the Societe Francaise
Francaise des Mecaniciens
des Mecaniciens

• Top temperature Ts = 160 °C

• Middle temperature Tm = 100 °C

• Bottom temperature Ti = 40 °C

The boundary conditions are shown in the following figure:

Solution Type

SOL 101 — Linear Statics

Results

Point Force Moment Bench Value NX Nastran

θ = π/2 M 0 4.040 e–5
N 0 15.10
T –479.2 –527.6
θ = π/4 M 3388. 3729.
N –338.8 –373.2
T –338.8 –373.2
θ=0 M 4792. 5277.
N –479.2 527.5
T 0 15.00

Post Processing

List the beam forces

• M - Z bending moment

• N - axial force

• T - Y shear force

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References

Societe Francaise des Mecaniciens. Guide de validation des progiciels de calcul de structures. Paris,
Afnor Technique, 1990. Test No.HSLL01/89.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 6-165

Chapter 7: Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification
Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

7.1 Overview of the Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using

NAFEMS Test Cases
The purpose of this section is to verify the accuracy and robustness of NX Nastran. The plasticity
verification uses test cases published by the National Agency for Finite Element Methods and
Standards (NAFEMS) in Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain,
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. (See Reference.)
To perform the tests, input data is applied to single elements including plane strain elements,
plane stress elements, axisymmetric solid elements, and solid elements. Results are tabulated
and compared to results published by NAFEMS.
The plasticity verification includes perfect plasticity and isotropic hardening tests. Within these
categories, results for uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests are provided.

Understanding the Verification Format

The format for the nonlinear section of the Solver Verification document looks somewhat different
from the linear section. Each test case in this section provides a brief description of the test including
input data. The results are then displayed in the form of a graph comparing NX Nastran Nonlinear
results published by NAFEMS for the same test case.

Reference
The following reference has been used in the NX Nastran Plasticity verification problems:
Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain,
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards, April, 1987.

7.2 Test Cases

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-1

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Plane Strain Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests

This article provides input data and results for perfect plasticity tests including prescribed uniaxial and
prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on these plane stress elements:
• Linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements

• Linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements

The material description and initial boundary conditions are the same for the uniaxial and biaxial
displacement tests.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

nlspls89.dat (uniaxial)
nlspls90.dat (biaxial)

Units

Inch

Attributes

Load Control

Material Properties

• E = 250000.0

• = 0.25

• σy = 5.0

• H = 0.0

• εo = 0.000025 (strain at first yield)

7-2 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

The following figure shows the plane strain elements and the boundary conditions applied to
each. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are
suppressed or prescribed.
These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not illustrate the time history of
the applied conditions.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-3

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Results

Uniaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.
Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test
results compared with NAFEMS test results for plane strain with perfect plasticity.

History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D+00
3 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
4 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00

10 increments per strain history step

7-4 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Biaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.
Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test
results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane strain with perfect plasticity.

History Stage Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D–00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D–00
3 0.5000D–4 0.2500D–4 0D–00
4 0.5000D–4 0.5000D–4 0D–00
5 0.2500D–4 0.5000D–4 0D–00
6 0D+00 0.5000D–4 0D+00
7 0D+00 0.2500D–4 0D+00
8 0D+00 0D+00 0D+00

10 increments per strain history step

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-5

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

References
Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain,
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.3-2.25.

Plane Strain Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests

This article provides input data and results for isotropic hardening tests including prescribed uniaxial
and prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on these plane strain elements:
• Linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements

• Linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements

The material description and initial boundary conditions are the same for the uniaxial and biaxial
displacement tests.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
nlspls91.dat (uniaxial)
nlspls92.dat (biaxial)

Units
Inch

Attributes
Load Control

Material Properties
• E = 250000.0

• = 0.25

• σy = 5.0

• H = 62500.0

7-6 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• εo = 0.000025 (strain at first yield)

Boundary Conditions

The following figure shows the plane strain elements and the boundary conditions applied to
each. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are
suppressed or prescribed.
These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not illustrate the time history of
the applied conditions.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-7

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Results

Uniaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.
Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test
results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane strain with isotropic hardening.

History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D+00
3 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
4 0D–00 0D+00 0D+00

10 increments per strain history step

7-8 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Biaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.
Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test
results (points) compared to NAFEMS test result for plane strain with isotropic hardening.

History Stage Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 0.2500D–4 0D+00 0D+00
2 0.5000D–4 0D+00 0D+00
3 0.5000D–4 0.2500D–4 0D+00
4 0.5000D–4 0.5000D–4 0D+00
5 0.2500D–4 0.5000D–4 0D+00
6 0D–00 0.5000D–4 0D+00
7 0D–00 0.2500D–4 0D+00
8 0D–00 0D–00 0D+00

10 increments per strain history step

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-9

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

References
Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain,
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.26 - 2.35.

Plane Stress Elements - Perfect Plasticity Tests

This article provides input data and results for perfect plasticity tests including prescribed uniaxial and
prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on these plane strain elements:
• Linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements

• Linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements

The material description and initial boundary conditions are the same for the uniaxial and biaxial
displacement tests.
The following figure shows the geometry:

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
nlspls61.dat (uniaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements
nlspls62.dat (uniaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements
nlspls65.dat (biaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements
nlspls66.dat (biaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements

Units
Inch

Material Properties
• E = 250000.0

• = 0.25

• σy = 5.0

7-10 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• H = 0.0

• o = 0.2080126 x 10–4 (strain at first yield)

Boundary Conditions

The following figure shows the plane strain elements and the boundary conditions applied to
each. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are
suppressed or prescribed.
These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not illustrate the time history of
the applied conditions.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-11

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Results

Uniaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.
Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test
results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results for plane stress with perfect plasticity.

History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2538D–4
3 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.1835D–4
4 0.4235D–21 0D+00 -0.1128D–4

10 increments per strain history step

Biaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.

7-12 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test
results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

History Stage Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2528D–4
3 0.4160D–4 0.2080D–4 -0.4284D–4
4 0.4160D–4 0.4160D–4 -0.6513D–4
5 0D–00 0.4160D–4 -0.5035D–4
6 0D–00 0.1872D–4 -0.3871D–4
7 0D–00 0D–00 -0.1867D–4

10 increments per strain history step

References

Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain,
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.36 - 2.47.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-13

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Plane Stress Elements - Isotropic Hardening Tests

This article provides input data and results for isotropic hardening tests including prescribed uniaxial
and prescribed biaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the these plane stress elements:
• Linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements

• Linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements

The material description and initial boundary conditions are the same for the uniaxial and biaxial
displacement tests.
The following figure shows the geometry:

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

nlspls71.dat (uniaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements

nlspls72.dat (uniaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements
nlspls75.dat (biaxial test), linear quadrilateral (CQUAD4) elements
nlspls76.dat (biaxial test), linear triangle (CTRIA3) elements

Units

Inch

Material Properties

• E = 250000.0

• = 0.25

• σy = 5.0

• H = 62500.0

• o = 0.2080126 x 10–4 (strain at first yield)

7-14 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

The following figure shows the plane strain elements and the boundary conditions applied to
each. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are
suppressed or prescribed.
These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not show the time history of
the applied conditions.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-15

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Results

Uniaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.
Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test
results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2249D–4
3 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.1555D–4
4 0.4235D–21 0D+00 -0.8619D–5

10 increments per strain history step

7-16 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Biaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the plane strain elements.
Results are exactly the same for both elements. The graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test
results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

History Stage Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 0.2080D–4 0D+00 -0.6934D–5
2 0.4160D–4 0D+00 -0.2249D–4
3 0.4160D–4 0.2080D–4 -0.3569D–4
4 0.4160D–4 0.4160D–4 -0.5406D–4
5 0.2080D–4 0.4160D–4 -0.4712D–4
6 0D–00 0.4160D–4 -0.4102D–4
7 0D–00 0.2080D–4 -0.3408D–4
8 0D–00 0D–00 -0.2715D–4

10 increments per strain history step

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-17

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

References

Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain,
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.47 - 2.58.

Solid Element - Perfect Plasticity Tests

This article provides input data and results for perfect plasticity tests including prescribed uniaxial,
biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the solid parabolic brick element.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

nlspls08.dat

Units

Inch

Material Properties

• E = 250000.0

• = 0.25

• y = 5.0

• H = 0.0

• o = 0.000025 (strain at first yield)

Boundary Conditions

The following figure shows the parabolic brick (CHEXA) element and the boundary conditions applied
to it. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are
suppressed or prescribed.
These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not show the time history of
the applied conditions.

7-18 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Results

Uniaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
4 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

10 increments per strain history step

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-19

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. It
shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

7-20 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Biaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The
graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
6 0E+00 5.000E–5 0E+00
7 0E+00 2.500E–5 0E+00
8 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

- 10 increments per strain history step

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-21

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Triaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the triaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The
graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 2.500E–5
6 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
7 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
8 0E+00 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
9 0E+00 2.500E–5 5.000E–5
10 0E+00 0E+00 5.000E–5
11 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E– 5
12 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

7-22 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

- 10 increments per strain history step

References

Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain,
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.59-2.79.

Solid Element - Isotropic Hardening Tests

This article provides input data and results for isotropic hardening tests including prescribed uniaxial,
biaxial, and triaxial displacement tests. The tests were run on the solid parabolic brick element
(CHEXA), which has 20 grid points.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

nlspls09.dat

Units

Inch

Material Properties

• E = 250000.0

• = 0.25

• y = 5.0

• H = 62500.0

• o = 0.000025 (strain at first yield)

Boundary Conditions

The following figure shows the parabolic brick element and the boundary conditions applied to
it. The strain state is completely defined as a function of time since all degrees of freedom are
suppressed or prescribed.
These boundary conditions represent initial conditions only and do not show the time history of
the applied conditions.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-23

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

7-24 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Results

Uniaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the uniaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. It
shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
4 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

- 10 increments per strain history step

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-25

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Biaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the biaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The
graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
6 0E+00 5.000E–5 0E+00
7 0E+00 2.500E–5 0E+00
8 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

- 10 increments per strain history step

7-26 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Material Nonlinear (Plasticity) Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Triaxial Displacement Test — Applied Strain History

The following graph shows results of the triaxial displacement test for the solid brick element. The
graph shows the NX Nastran Nonlinear test results (points) compared to NAFEMS test results.

History Strain XX Strain YY Strain ZZ

1 2.500E–5 0E+00 0E+00
2 5.000E–5 0E+00 0E+00
3 5.000E–5 2.500E–5 0E+00
4 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 0E+00
5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 2.500E–5
6 5.000E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
7 2.500E–5 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
8 0E+00 5.000E–5 5.000E–5
9 0E+00 2.500E–5 5.000E–5
10 0E+00 0E+00 5.000E–5
11 0E+00 0E+00 2.500E–5
12 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 7-27

 Chapter
Chapter 7: 7: Material
Material Nonlinear
Nonlinear (Plasticity)
(Plasticity) Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

- 10 increments per strain history step

References

Hinton, E., and Ezatt, M.H. Fundamental Tests for Two and Three Dimensional, Small Strain,
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis. East Kilbride, Glasgow, UK: National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards, April, 1987 pp. 2.80-2.92.

7-28 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

Chapter 8: Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using
Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

8.1 Overview of the Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using

NAFEMS Test Cases
This section verifies the accuracy and robustness of the arc-length method of NX Nastran. The
geometric nonlinear verification uses test cases published by the National Agency for Finite Element
Methods and Standards (NAFEMS) in NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks and A Review of Benchmark
Problems for Geometric Non-linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells. (See References.)

Understanding the Verification Format

Each test case includes the following information.
• Test case data and information:

- Units

- Material properties

- Finite element modeling information

- Boundary conditions (loads and restraints)

- Solution type

• Results — time history versus Load Factor plots are presented. (Note that in NX Nastran, the
load factor is displayed as "eigenvalue".)

• Reference

Reference
The following references have been used for these verification problems:
• NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks. Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No. NL6.

• NAFEMS, A Review of Benchmark Problems for Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams
and Shells (Summary) (Glasgow: NAFEMS, Ref. R0024.)

8.2 Test Cases

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 8-1

 Chapter
Chapter 8: 8: Geometric
Geometric Nonlinear
Nonlinear Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Straight Cantilever with End Moment

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of equal-sized elements. This document provides the
input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NL5.

Test attributes:
• Bending action only

• Initially straight elements

• Load control

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

nfnl05a.dat (load control)

nfnl05b.dat (arc-length control)

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 210 x 109 N / m2

• = 0.0

SI

Finite Element Modeling

32 linear beam (CBEAM) elements

8-2 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions
• U=V= = 0 at point B

• Concentrated load at Point A applied in equal increments up to a maximum value of M L / 2 π

E I = 1.0

Solution Type
SOL 106 — Geometric Nonlinear
• Loading method — arc-length control.

• Adaptive search control:

– Initial increment factor = 0.05

– Target number of iterations = 6

– Maximum number of splits = 3

– Max increment factor = 1

– Number of reporting steps = 18

Geometric nonlinear 2

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 8-3

 Chapter
Chapter 8: 8: Geometric
Geometric Nonlinear
Nonlinear Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• Loading method — load control.

• 6 equal steps.

Results

Normalizing Constants

• 2 E I / L = 3436.12 x 103 Nm

• L = 3.2 m

• 2 = 6.28319

Graphs of Results

• Free end axial displacement vs. Load Factor

8-4 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• Vertical displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 8-5

 Chapter
Chapter 8: 8: Geometric
Geometric Nonlinear
Nonlinear Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• Rotational displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

References

National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks
(Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1). Test No. NL5.

Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - Brick Elements

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a straight cantilever with an axial end point load, made up of a
single row of straight elements. This document provides the input data and results for NAFEMS
Non-linear Benchmarks NL6.

8-6 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Attributes of this test are:

• Combined bending and membrane action.

• Presence of bifurcation.

• Initially straight elements.

• Load control.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

nlsarg07.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 210 x 109 N/m2

• = 0.0

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 8-7

 Chapter
Chapter 8: 8: Geometric
Geometric Nonlinear
Nonlinear Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Finite Element Modeling

256 solid parabolic brick (CHEXA) elements.

Boundary Conditions

• U = V = θ = 0 at point B.

• Concentrated load at Point A applied in increments up to a value of PL2 / EI = 22.493.

Solution Type

SOL 106 — Geometric Nonlinear

Results

Normalizing Constants:
• EI / L2 = 170898 N

• L + 3.2 m

• = 3.14159

8-8 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Graphs of results:
• X-displacement at cantilever end point vs. Load Factor.

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 8-9

 Chapter
Chapter 8: 8: Geometric
Geometric Nonlinear
Nonlinear Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• Y-displacement at cantilever end point vs. Load Factor

Reference

National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No. NL6.

8-10 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Straight Cantilever with Axial End Point Load - BEAM Elements

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of straight elements. This document provides the
input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NF6.

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
nlsarp01.dat

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 210 x 109 N/m2

• = 0.0

Finite Element Modeling

32 linear (CBEAM) elements

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 8-11

 Chapter
Chapter 8: 8: Geometric
Geometric Nonlinear
Nonlinear Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

• U = V = θ = 0 at point B.

• Concentrated load at Point A applied in increments up to a value of PL2 / EI = 22.493 or P =

–3.85 x 106 N

Solution Type

SOL 106 — Geometric Nonlinear

Results

Normalizing Constants:
• EI / L 2 = 170898 N

• π = 3.14159

8-12 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Graphs of results:
• X-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 8-13

 Chapter
Chapter 8: 8: Geometric
Geometric Nonlinear
Nonlinear Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

• Y-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

8-14 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

• Rz-displacement at grid point 33 vs. Load Factor

Reference

National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards, NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No. NL6.

Lee's Frame Buckling Problem

This test is a nonlinear analysis of a single row of straight elements. This document provides the
input data and results for NAFEMS Non-linear Benchmarks NF7. Attributes of this test are:

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 8-15

 Chapter
Chapter 8: 8: Geometric
Geometric Nonlinear
Nonlinear Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files
nlsarg01.dat

Units
SI

Material Properties
• E = 71.74 x 109 N/m2

• = 0.0

Finite Element Modeling

20 linear beam (CBEAM) elements

8-16 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

• U = V = 0; θ ≠ 0 at points B and C

• Concentrated load at Point A applied incrementally using arc-length constraint with automatic
adjustment of arc length (P = –20000 N)

Solution Type

SOL 106 — Geometric Nonlinear

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 8-17

 Chapter
Chapter 8: 8: Geometric
Geometric Nonlinear
Nonlinear Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Results

Normalizing Constants EI / L2 = 996.389 N, L = 1.2 m

Graphs of results: Y-displacement at grid point 13 vs. Load Factor

Reference

National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. NAFEMS Non-Linear Benchmarks.
Glasgow: NAFEMS, Oct., 1989., Rev. 1. Test No. NL7.

Large Displacement Elastic Response of a Hinged Spherical Shell Under

Uniform Pressure Loading
This test is a nonlinear analysis of a hinged spherical shell element under uniform pressure loading.
This document provides the input data and results for A Review of Benchmark Problems for
Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells (Summary) 3DNLG-7.

8-18 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Test Case Data and Information

Input Files

nlsarg05.dat

Units

SI

Material Properties

• E = 69

• = 0.3

Finite Element Modeling

• The shell midsurface is defined in terms of the global Cartesian coordinate system where Z =
2.0285 x 10 –4 [X (1570 – X) + Y (1570 – Y)].

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 8-19

 Chapter
Chapter 8: 8: Geometric
Geometric Nonlinear
Nonlinear Verification
Verification UsingUsing Standard
Standard NAFEMS
NAFEMS Benchmarks
Benchmarks

Boundary Conditions

• Evenly distributed follower pressure load normal to shell surface. Maximum pressure = 0.1.
Pressure follows the deformation of the shell surface.

Solution Type

SOL 106 — Geometric Nonlinear

• Loading method:
o Arc-length control

• Adaptive search control:

o Initial increment factor = 0.3

o Target number of iterations = 6

o Maximum number of splits = 3

o Maximum increment factor = 1

o Number of reporting steps = 18

8-20 NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual

 Geometric Nonlinear Verification Using Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks

Results
Magnitude displacement at grid point 145 vs. Load Factor

Reference
• National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards. A Review of Benchmark Problems
for Geometric Non-Linear Behaviour of 3-D Beams and Shells (Summary) Glasgow: NAFEMS,
Ref. R0024. Test No. 3DNLG-7

NX Nastran 10 Verification Manual 8-21

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