Determining a Sample
Size
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Sampling Technique
➢is a procedure used to determine the
individuals or members of a sample.
Classification of Sampling
Methods
Sampling
Methods
Non-
Probability
probability
Systematic Stratified
Convenience Purposive
Random Random
Simple
Cluster Quota Snowball
Random
Probability Sampling
• is a sampling technique wherein the
samples are gathered in a process that
gives all the individual in the population
equal chances of being selected.
• can achieve a good representation of the
entire population.
• is free from bias.
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Types of Probability Sampling
1. Simple Random Sampling
- is the easiest form of probability sampling.
- is applicable when population is small and readily
available.
- the researcher needs to assure that all the members
of the population are included in the list. This can be
done using the (1) table of random numbers, (2)
lottery system, and/or (3) fishbowl technique.
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Types of Probability Sampling
2. Systematic Random Sampling
- relies on arranging the target population according
to some ordering scheme and then selecting
elements at regular intervals through that ordered
list.
- involves a random start and then proceeds with
the selection of every kth element from then
onwards. In this case, k=(population size/sample
size). (k=N/n)
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Types of Probability Sampling
3. Stratified Random Sampling
- is also known as proportional random sampling.
- a technique wherein the subjects are initially
grouped into different classifications such as age,
socioeconomic status or gender.
- is use if the researcher wants to study a particular
subgroup within the population.
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Types of Probability Sampling
4. Cluster Random Sampling
- is done when simple random sampling is almost
impossible because of the size of the population. Just
imagine doing a simple random sampling when the
population in question is the entire population of
Philippines.
- the research first identifies boundaries, in case of our
example; it can be regions within Philippines. Then,
randomly selects a number of identified areas. It is
important that all areas within the population be given
equal chances of being selected.
Non Probability Sampling
• Any sampling method where some elements of
population have no chance of selection (these are
sometimes referred to as 'out of
coverage'/'undercovered'), or where the
probability of selection can't be accurately
determined.
• It involves the selection of elements based on
assumptions regarding the population of interest,
which forms the criteria for selection. Hence,
because the selection of elements is nonrandom,
non probability sampling do not allow the
estimation of sampling errors.
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Types of Non Probability Sampling
1. Convenience Sampling
- is probably the most common of all sampling
techniques.
- the samples are selected because they are
accessible to the researcher.
- the subjects are chosen simply because they are
easy to recruit.
- is considered easiest, cheapest and least time
consuming.
Types of Non Probability Sampling
2. Quota Sampling
- is a non-probability sampling technique wherein
the researcher ensures equal or proportionate
representation of subjects depending on which trait
is considered as basis of the quota.
For example, if basis of the quota is college year level
and the researcher needs equal representation,
with a sample size of 100, he must select 25 1st
year students, another 25 2nd year students, 25
3rd year and 25 4th year students. The bases of
the quota are usually age, gender, education, race,
religion and socioeconomic status.
Types of Non Probability Sampling
3. Purposive Sampling
- also known as judgemental sampling.
- subjects are chosen to be part of the sample with
a specific purpose in mind.
- the researcher believes that some subjects are
more fit for the research compared to other
individuals. This is the reason why they are
purposively chosen as subjects.
Types of Non Probability Sampling
4. Snowball Sampling
- is usually done when there is a very small
population size.
- this type of sampling, the researcher asks the
initial subject to identify another potential subject
who also meets the criteria of the research. The
downside of using a snowball sample is that it is
hardly representative of the population.
When to Use Non-Probability
Sampling
• This type of sampling can be used when demonstrating that a
particular trait exists in the population.
• It can also be used when the researcher aims to do
a qualitative, pilot or exploratory study.
• It can be used when randomization is impossible like when
the population is almost limitless.
• It can be used when the research does not aim to generate
results that will be used to create generalizations pertaining
to the entire population.
• It is also useful when the researcher has limited budget, time
and workforce.
• This technique can also be used in an initial study which will
be carried out again using a randomized, probability
sampling.
Methods of Data
Collection
1. Direct or Interview Method
2. Indirect or Questionnaire Method
3. Registration Method
4. Experiment Method
5. Observation Method
